2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)41Womenofachievement

課時(shí)作業(yè)(十六)必修4Unit1WomenofachievementⅠ.閱讀理解A(2018·重慶市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體高考適應(yīng)性考試)Haveyouheardofthefollowingpeople?Maybeyes,maybeno.Buttheymaybeaninspirationforyou.TheTreeLadyKateSessionswasanAmericanbotanistandlandscapearchitectcloselyassociatedwithSanDiego,California.AfterbeingthefirstwomantograduatefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,shetookajobasateacherfarsouthinthedrydeserttownofSanDiego.KatedecidedthatTheSnowflake(雪花)ManWilsonBentleyisoneofthefirstknownphotographersofsnowflakes.Hisenthusiasmfortakingphotosofsnowflakesbeganfromhisboyhoodandwasoftenmisunderstoodinhistime,buthisdeterminationrevealedtwoimportanttruths:notwosnowflakesarealike;andeachoneissurprisinglybeautiful.In1931,heworkedwithWilliamJ.HumphreysoftheU．S.WeatherBureautopublishSnowCrystals,abookcontaining2,500photographs.TheFatherofHisCountryBythelate1760s,GeorgeWashingtonhadexperiencedfirsthandtheeffectsofrisingtaxesimposed(征收)onAmericancolonistsbytheBritish,andcametobelievethatitwasinthebestinterestsofthecoloniststodeclareindependencefromEngland.DuringtheAmericanWarofIndependence,heledthecolonialforcestovictory.In1787,hewaselectedpresidentoftheConventionthatwrotetheU．S.Constitution.Twoyearslater,WashingtonbecameAmerica'sfirstpresident.Hisretirementfromofficeaftertwotermsestablishedatraditionthatlasteduntil1940,whenFranklinDelanoRooseveltwonathirdterm.The22ndAmendment(1951)nowlimitsthepresidenttotwoelectedterms.【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了三位鼓舞人心的名人。1.Whomadeagreatcontributiontobeautifyinganarea?A．GeorgeWashington.B．WilsonBentley.C．KateSessions.D．WilliamJ.Humphreys.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“shetookajobasateacherfarsouthinthedrydeserttownofSanDiego”和“thisyoungwomansingle-handedlystartedamovementtransformingthetownintotheleafy,garden-filledplaceasitistoday”可知，KateSessions在將圣地亞哥的一個(gè)荒漠小鎮(zhèn)變成宜人的地方上作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。2.WhatisWilsonBentleyfamousfor?A．Hiscreativeideastopublishbooks.B．Hispersistenceinphotographingsnowflakes.C．Hiscouragetofightagainstprejudice.D．Hisdevotiontoteachingkidsscientifictruths.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容尤其是“WilsonBentleyisoneofthefirstknownphotographersofsnowflakes.Hisenthusiasmfortakingphotosofsnowflakes...”可知，WilsonBentley以堅(jiān)持拍攝雪花而出名。故選B。3.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutGeorgeWashington?A．Hewasanationalhero.B．Hewasbornintoapoorfamily.C．HebecameAmerica'spresidentin1787.D．HeservedthreetermsasthePresidentofAmerica.答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“cametobelievethatitwasinthebestinterestsofthecoloniststodeclareindependencefromEngland.DuringtheAmericanWarofIndependence,heledthecolonialforcestovictory”可知，他開(kāi)始意識(shí)到宣布從英國(guó)獨(dú)立對(duì)殖民地定居者最有利。美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，他帶領(lǐng)殖民地的武裝力量獲得了勝利，即美國(guó)獲得了獨(dú)立，由此可推知，他是美國(guó)的民族英雄。B(2018·安徽江南十校聯(lián)考)Whenevertheword“hero”estome,IimmediatelythinkofthreeHs:honorable,hardworking,andhappy.WhenIthinkmoreaboutthisword,Ipicturesomeonewhohasacplishedgoodthingsforpeopleandtriestodotherightthing.HattieElizabethAlexanderisonepersonwhomIfindtobeveryheroic.HattiewasborninBaltimore,Afterhereducation,shepursuedhercareer,andaftermuchtimeandhardwork,shedrasticallyreducedthenumberofinfants(幼兒)dyingfrommeningitis(腦膜炎).Hattiewasverydedicatedtoherworkandhelpedatasmanylocationsasshecould.Spendingsubstantial(大量的)timeinthelaboratory,Hattiesuccessfullydevelopedacureagainstthedisease,whichdecreasedthedeathrateto20percent.Atthesametime,shewasalsoateacherworkingwithColumbiaShewasacaringladyinterestedinotherpeople'slives.WhenshewasteachingatColumbiaUniversity,othermemberswouldtalktoheraboutstudentsthatwerefailingtheirclasses,andsomehowHattiecouldalwaysfindconvincingreasonsastowhytheyshouldnotbedrivenaway.Later,HattiebecameaninstructorinPediatricsatNewYorkCity'sHattieismyherobecauseherpositiveattitudeandstrengthhelpedheracplishgreatthingsforothers.Shegavethemherstrengthbydevelopingmedicinesagainstdiseases,which,bydoingso,madethemstronger.ThisiswhatmakesHattieElizabethAlexandermyhero.【文章大意】本文介紹了作者心目中的英雄——哈蒂·伊麗莎白·亞歷山大為社會(huì)作出的貢獻(xiàn)。4.Accordingtothepassage，HattieElizabethAlexander________.A．receivedherBachelor'sDegreeinJohnsB．spentallhertimeinthelaboratorydevelopingcuresforillnessesC．caredalotaboutothers'privatelivesD．a(chǎn)lwaystriedherbesttohelppreventstudentsfromdroppingoutofcollege答案與解析：D'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句“...somehowHattiecouldalwaysfindconvincingreasonsastowhytheyshouldnotbedrivenaway.”可知，哈蒂總會(huì)盡最大努力阻止學(xué)生輟學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)。5．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph3probablymeans“________”．A．slightlyB．hardlyC．greatlyD．totally答案與解析：C'考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)文章第三段第一、二句以及第三句中的whichdecreasedthedeathrateto20percent可推斷出，此處指經(jīng)過(guò)哈蒂的付出和努力，幼兒死于腦膜炎的比例大大下降。故推測(cè)，drastically意為“大幅度地；徹底地”，與greatly意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)。6．Hattieisconsideredtobeaherobytheauthorinthat________.A．shewasanhonorable,hardworkingandhappypersonB．shewasaverydedicatedwomandoctorwithmanyhonorsC．shewasacaringladywhohelpedmanystudentsfinishcollegeD．shewasthefirstwomanpresidentoftheAPS答案與解析：A'考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者視哈蒂為英雄是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)品德高尚、勤奮且快樂(lè)的人。故選A項(xiàng)。7．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A．AnHonorableWomanB．AWomanAcplishingGreatThingsC．MyHero—HattieElizabethAlexanderD．TheFirstWomanPresidentoftheAPS答案與解析：C'考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文講述的是作者心目中的英雄哈蒂·伊麗莎白·亞歷山大。故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·南通十校二模)WhenIwasyoung,likeyou,Ihadadream.Butmydreamwasn'tlikethatofan__1__kid.Itwastobethebesttennisplayer__2__simplythebest“female”oneintheworld.__3__，Ihadafamilyencouragingmetofollowmydream.Ilearnedhowimportantitisto__4__adreamandtodreambig.MyfightbeganwhenIwasthreeandIhaven'ttakena__5__since.Buttoooften,mostwomenarenotsupportedorare__6__fromchoosingtheirpath.Ihopeitcouldbechanged.Forme,itwasa__7__ofresilience(堅(jiān)忍).Whatothersmarkedas__8__aboutme—myrace,mygender—Iacceptedasfuelformysuccess.Ineverletanythingoranyone__9__me.Icontrolledmyfuture.Whenitestoequalpay,itfrustratesme__10__Iknowfirst-handthatgenderdifferencesexist.Iwould__11__wantmydaughtertobepaidlessthanmysonforthesamework.Womenhaveto__12__manybarrierstosuccess.Oneisthatweareconstantly__13__wearenotmen.Peoplecallmeoneofthe“world'sgreatestfemaleathletes”.Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmaleathletes?Weshouldneverletthisgo__14__.Weshouldbejudgedbyourachievementsbutnot__15__.ForeverythingIhaveachieved,Iam__16__tohaveexperiencedthehighsandlowsthate__17__success.Ihopemystorywillbea(n)__18__forwomentofightfortheirdreams.Wemust__19__todreambig,andindoingso,weenablethenextgenerationofwomentobe__20__intheirpursuit.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者以自己的事為例呼吁全體女性勇敢追求成功，為爭(zhēng)取性別平等而不懈努力。1．A.ambitiousB．excellentC．a(chǎn)verageD．energetic答案與解析：C根據(jù)第一段第三句“Itwastobethebesttennisplayer”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Peoplecallme...Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmaleathletes？”可知，此處指作者說(shuō)自己小時(shí)候的理想與普通孩子的是不同的，故選average“普通的，一般的”。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”；excellent“優(yōu)秀的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。2．A.insteadofB．regardlessofC．otherthanD．morethan答案與解析：A結(jié)合本文主旨以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“Peoplecallmeoneofthe‘world'sgreatestfemaleathletes’.Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmaleathletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，而不是最好的女網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。insteadof“而不是”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”；otherthan“除了”；morethan“多于，超出”。3．A.HopefullyB．FortunatelyC．ObviouslyD．Generally答案與解析：B'幸運(yùn)的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓勵(lì)她追尋自己的夢(mèng)想的家人。此處亦與第三段中的“Buttoooften，mostwomenarenotsupported...”形成對(duì)比。hopefully“有希望地”；obviously“明顯地”；generally“普遍地”。4．A.makeupB．setupC．careforD．pushfor答案與解析：D'根據(jù)下文中的“Myfightbeganwhen...”“fightfortheirdreams”可知，這里指作者知道了為夢(mèng)想而努力是多么重要。pushfor“為……而努力，力爭(zhēng)”。makeup“編造，構(gòu)成”；setup“設(shè)立，建立”；carefor“照顧”。5．A.riskB．leaveC．breakD．chance答案與解析：C'作者從三歲時(shí)就開(kāi)始為理想奮斗，自此一直從未間斷。break“暫停，中斷”，符合語(yǔ)境。6．A.defendedB．excusedC．discouragedD．dismissed答案與解析：C'但是通常，大多數(shù)女性不被支持，或者被阻止去選擇自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻撓”，符合語(yǔ)境。defend“保衛(wèi)，保護(hù)”；excuse“同意免除”；dismiss“去除，摒除”。7．A.thoughtB．questionC．momentD．bonus答案與解析：B'作者希望這種境況可以改變，在作者看來(lái)，這是有關(guān)“堅(jiān)忍”的問(wèn)題(question)。thought“想法”；moment“時(shí)刻”；bonus“意外收獲，獎(jiǎng)金”。8．A.disadvantagesB．concernsC．qualificationsD．personalities答案與解析：A'根據(jù)下文中的“myrace,mygender”“Iacceptedasfuelformysuccess”可知，此處指被別人列為作者的劣勢(shì)(disadvantages)的東西，比如她的種族，她的性別，作者將它們視為追求成功的動(dòng)力。concern“擔(dān)憂”；qualification“資格”；personality“個(gè)性”。9．A.ignoreB．a(chǎn)ttackC．fortD．limit答案與解析：D'根據(jù)下文中的“Icontrolledmyfuture.”可知，作者從不讓任何事或任何人來(lái)限制自己，而是自己主宰自己的未來(lái)。limit“限制”，符合語(yǔ)境。10．A.althoughB．becauseC．unlessD．if答案與解析：B'當(dāng)談起同工同酬問(wèn)題時(shí)，作者感到懊惱，因?yàn)樗约河H身體驗(yàn)到性別差異的存在。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前后句之間是因果關(guān)系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。11．A.everB．evenC．neverD．just答案與解析：C'根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者永遠(yuǎn)不希望看到干了同樣的工作，女兒得到的報(bào)酬卻比兒子的少。never“從不，絕不”。12．A.breakdownB．takeafterC．layasideD．putaway答案與解析：A'為了獲取成功，女性不得不打破許多障礙。breakdown“打破，消除”，符合語(yǔ)境。takeafter“追趕，跟蹤”；layaside“留存?zhèn)溆?，把……放在一邊”；putaway“猛吃，積蓄，把……收起來(lái)”。13．A.informedB．remindedC．a(chǎn)ssuredD．criticized答案與解析：B'其中一個(gè)障礙就是總有人提醒我們不是男性。remind“提醒，使想起”，符合語(yǔ)境。inform“通知，告知”；assure“使確信”；criticize“批判”。14．A.unchallenged