《鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝》課件-3.11.1 圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的安裝

3.11.1鋼結(jié)構(gòu)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的安裝

3.11.1Installationofsteelenvelopes第一：壓型鋼板的概述First:anoverviewofprofiledsteelplates第二：平面彩鋼壓型鋼板的安裝Second:theinstallationofflatcolorsteelprofiledsteelplate一、壓型鋼板的概述

First:anoverviewofprofiledsteelplates

工業(yè)與民用建筑的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)(屋面、墻面)與組合樓板等工程鋼結(jié)構(gòu)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)，主要采用壓型鋼板、各種緊固件和各種泛水配件組裝而成。Theenvelopestructure(roof,wall)andcompositefloorslabofindustrialandcivilbuildingsaremainlyassembledbypressingsteelplates,variousfastenersandvariousflashingaccessories.

壓型金屬鋼板:以一定厚度的金屬板（表面涂層或不涂層）經(jīng)過輥彎形成波紋的板材。Profiledmetalsteelplate:aplatewithacertainthicknessofmetalplate(surfacecoatedoruncoated)bentbyrollerstoformcorrugatedplates.壓型鋼板以其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)來分可分為兩類:彩鋼壓型板和彩鋼保溫材料夾芯板。Profiledsteelplatescanbedividedintotwocategoriesaccordingtotheirstructuralcharacteristics:colorsteelprofiledplatesandcolorsteelinsulationsandwichpanels.壓型鋼板特點(diǎn)：成形靈活、施工速度快、外觀美觀、重量輕，易于工業(yè)化和商品化生產(chǎn)等。Featuresofprofiledsteelplate:flexibleforming,fastconstructionspeed,beautifulappearance,lightweight,easytoindustrializeandcommercialproduction.Rockwoolsandwichpanelroofpanelsection

壓型鋼板安裝用連接件分為：結(jié)構(gòu)連接件和構(gòu)造連接件Theconnectingpartsfortheinstallationofprofiledsteelplatearedividedinto:structuralconnectorsandstructuralconnectors結(jié)構(gòu)連接件：將板與承重構(gòu)件相連的連接件，將建筑物的圍護(hù)板材與承重結(jié)構(gòu)連接成整體的重要部件，用以抵抗風(fēng)的吸力、下滑力、地震力等。一般需進(jìn)行承載力驗算設(shè)計。Structuralconnectors:connectingtheplateswiththeload-bearingmembers,connectingthebuildingenvelopeplateandtheload-bearingstructureintoanimportantpartofthewhole,soastoresistthesuction,slidingforce,seismicforce,etc.ofthewind.Generally,thebearingcapacityverificationdesignisrequired.左圖：自攻螺釘Left:Self-tappingscrews中圖：掛鉤板或扣壓板Middle:Hookplateorcrimpingplate右圖：連接螺栓Right:Connectionbolts構(gòu)造連接件：將各種用途的壓型金屬板連成整體。Structuralconnectors:Pressedmetalplatesforvariouspurposesareconnectedasawhole.左圖：鉚釘Left:Rivets中圖：工人在壓型鋼板上打栓釘Middle:Workersboltonprofiledsteelplates右圖：鉤螺栓Right:Hookbolt二、平面彩鋼壓型鋼板的安裝Second,theinstallationofflatcolorsteelprofiledsteelplate

采用平面彩鋼壓型板所構(gòu)成的建筑的墻體或屋面，只需將其連續(xù)地連接成為墻體或屋面，同時要考慮到密封和防水的要求。在施工中要采用一些配套材料，見下表。Thewallorroofofthebuildingcomposedofflatcolorsteelprofileplateonlyneedstobecontinuouslyconnectedtobecomeawallorroof,whileconsideringtherequirementsofsealingandwaterproofing.Somesupportingmaterialsshouldbeusedintheconstruction,asshowninthetablebelow.墻體施工要點(diǎn)：Keypointsofwallconstruction:①按設(shè)計的墻筋間距(一般間距為900mm左右)在墻面上畫線，并在線條所在的位置按一定間距設(shè)置木磚，若是混凝土墻，則應(yīng)預(yù)先理入mm的鋼筋套扣螺栓，或者采用鋪板后使用沖擊鉆打孔，用膨脹螺栓來固定平面彩鋼壓型板的辦法。(1)Accordingtothedesignofthewallribspacing(generallyspacingisabout900mm)onthewalltodrawaline,andatthepositionofthelineaccordingtoacertainspacingsetofwoodenbricks,ifitisaconcretewall,shouldbepre-sortedintommofrebarbucklebolts,oruseimpactdrillingafterpaving,withexpansionboltstofixtheflatcolorsteelprofileplatemethod.②墻筋設(shè)置的方向應(yīng)依壓型板的鋪設(shè)方向來確定。若壓型板縱向鋪設(shè)(即垂直于地面方向)，則墻筋要橫向設(shè)置；若壓型板橫向鋪設(shè)，則墻筋要縱向設(shè)置。(2)Thedirectionofwallribsettingshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothelayingdirectionofthecompressionpanel.Iftheprofileplateislaidlongitudinally(thatis,perpendiculartothedirectionoftheground),thewallribsshouldbesethorizontally;Iftheprofileplateislaidhorizontally,thewallribsshouldbesetlongitudinally.③在壓型板的搭接處和起始處，均應(yīng)設(shè)置墻筋。(3)Atthelapjointandthebeginningoftheprofiledplate,wallribsshouldbeprovided.④如有搭接，則應(yīng)將上面的壓型板搭接在下面壓型板的上面，以免滲入雨水。(4)Ifthereisalap,theupperprofileplateshouldbeoverlappedontopofthelowerprofileplatetoavoidinfiltrationofrainwater.⑤墻筋及其他緊固件均應(yīng)進(jìn)行防腐、防銹處理。(5)Wallribsandotherfastenersshouldbetreatedwithanti-corrosionandrust.⑥在拐角、窗口等部位應(yīng)設(shè)置墻筋，以避免壓型板懸空。(6)Wallribsshouldbesetincorners,windowsandotherpartstoavoidthesuspensionoftheprofileplate.⑦在拐角、窗口等部位應(yīng)注意使用異型板，以期得到簡化施工、提高防水的效果，而且美觀大方。(7)Inthecorners,windowsandotherpartsshouldpayattentiontotheuseofspecial-shapedplates,inordertosimplifyconstruction,improvetheeffectofwaterproofing,andbeautifulandgenerous.屋面施工要點(diǎn)：Keypointsofroofingconstruction①按設(shè)計的檁距在巳固定好檁條的屋架上畫線，由于平面彩鋼壓型板用于屋面時，通常是縱向鋪設(shè)的(即順著屋面的坡度方向)，所以，檁條均是水平方向設(shè)置的。(1)Accordingtothedesignedpurlinspacingontherooftrussfixedpurlin,becausetheflatcolorsteelprofileplateisusedfortheroof,itisusuallylaidlongitudinally(thatis,alongtheslopedirectionoftheroof),sothepurlinsaresethorizontally.②若屋面需要設(shè)置保溫層時，則在屋面鋪置保溫層的桁架上將保溫層鋪置完畢之后，再畫線。保溫層應(yīng)鋪置嚴(yán)密，不得有縫隙，以免造成冷橋。(2)Iftheroofneedstobeequippedwithaninsulationlayer,theinsulationlayerislaidonthetrussoftheroofinsulationlayer,andthendrawtheline.Theinsulationlayershouldbetightlypavedandthereshouldbenogapstoavoidcausingcoldbridges.③在壓型板的搭接處和起始處，均應(yīng)設(shè)置檁條。(3)Atthelapjointandstartingpointoftheprofiledplate,purlinsshouldbeprovided.④如有搭接，則應(yīng)將靠近屋脊處的壓型板搭接在下面壓型板之上，以免滲入雨水。(4)Ifthereisalapjoint,theprofileplateneartheridgeshouldbeoverlappedontheprofileplatebelowtoavoidinfiltrationofrainwater.⑤檁條及其他緊固件均應(yīng)進(jìn)行防腐、防銹處理。(5)Thepurlinsandotherfastenersshouldbetreatedwithanti-corrosionandanti-rust.⑥屋面應(yīng)盡量避免開洞。若必須開洞時，則應(yīng)盡量避開靠近屋脊處。(6)Theroofshouldavoidopeningholesasmuchaspossible.Ifyoumustmakeahole,trytoavoidtheridgeascloseaspossible.壓型鋼板的連接固定：Connectionandfixingofprofiledsteelplates:①連接件的數(shù)量與間距應(yīng)符合設(shè)計要求，在設(shè)計無明確規(guī)定時，按現(xiàn)行專業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《壓型金屬板設(shè)計施工規(guī)程》(YBJ216-1988)中的規(guī)定：屋面高波壓型金屬板用連接件與固定支架連接，每波設(shè)置一個，低波壓型板用連接件直接與檁條或墻梁連接，每波或隔一波設(shè)置一個，但搭接波處必須設(shè)置連接件；高波壓型金屬板的側(cè)向搭接部位必須設(shè)置連接件，間距為700～800mm。(1)Thenumberandspacingoftheconnectingpartsshouldmeetthedesignrequirements,andwhentherearenoclearprovisionsinthedesign,accordingtotheprovisionsinthecurrentprofessionalstandard"DesignandConstructionRegulationsforProfiledMetalPlates"(YBJ216-1988):roofinghigh-wavepressedmetalplatesareconnectedwithfixedbracketswithconnectors,oneperwave,andlow-waveprofileplatesaredirectlyconnectedwithpurlinsorwallbeams,oneperwaveoreverywave,buttheconnectionmustbesetatthelapwave;Thelaterallappartofthehigh-wavepressuremetalplatemustbesetwithconnectors,andthespacingis700~800mm.有關(guān)防腐涂料的規(guī)定：除設(shè)計中應(yīng)根據(jù)建筑環(huán)境的腐蝕作用選擇相應(yīng)涂料系列外，當(dāng)采用壓型鋁板時，應(yīng)在其與鋼構(gòu)件接觸面上至少涂刷一道鉻酸鋅底漆或設(shè)置其他絕緣隔離層，在其與混凝土、砂漿、磚石、木材的接觸面上至少涂刷一道瀝青漆。Regulationsonanti-corrosioncoatings:Inadditiontothecorrespondingcoatingseriesselectedaccordingtothecorrosioneffectofthebuildingenvironmentinthedesign,whenusingprofiledaluminumplates,atleastonezincchromateprimerorotherinsulatingisolationlayershouldbeappliedonthecontactsurfacewithsteelcomponents,andatleastoneasphaltpaintshouldbepaintedonthecontactsurfacewithconcrete,mortar,masonryandwood.②壓型鋼板腹板與翼緣水平面之間的夾角，當(dāng)用于屋面時應(yīng)不小于；用于墻面時應(yīng)不小于。(2)Theanglebetweentheprofilesteelplatewebandtheflangelevelshouldnotbelessthanwhenusedforroofing;Whenusedforwalls,itshouldnotbelessthan.屋面施工要點(diǎn)：Keypointsofroofingconstruction①按設(shè)計的檁距在巳固定好檁條的屋架上畫線，由于平面彩鋼壓型板用于屋面時，通常是縱向鋪設(shè)的(即順著屋面的坡度方向)，所以，檁條均是水平方向設(shè)置的。(1)Accordingtothedesignedpurlinspacingontherooftrussfixedpurlin,becausetheflatcolorsteelprofileplateisusedfortheroof,itisusuallylaidlongitudinally(thatis,alongtheslopedirectionoftheroof),sothepurlinsaresethorizontally.②若屋面需要設(shè)置保溫層時，則在屋面鋪置保溫層的桁架上將保溫層鋪置完畢之后，再畫線。保溫層應(yīng)鋪置嚴(yán)密，不得有縫隙，以免造成冷橋。(2)Iftheroofneedstobeequippedwithaninsulationlayer,theinsulationlayerislaidonthetrussoftheroofinsulationlayer,andthendrawtheline.Theinsulationlayershouldbetightlypavedandthereshouldbenogapstoavoidcausingcoldbridges.③在壓型板的搭接處和起始處，均應(yīng)設(shè)置檁條。(3)Atthelapjointandstartingpointoftheprofiledplate,purlinsshouldbeprovided.④如有搭接，則應(yīng)將靠近屋脊處的壓型板搭接在下面壓型板之上，以免滲入雨水。(4)Ifthereisalapjoint,theprofileplateneartheridgeshouldbeoverlappedontheprofileplatebelowtoavoidinfiltrationofrainwater.⑤檁條及其他緊固件均應(yīng)進(jìn)行防腐、防銹處理。(5)Thepurlinsandotherfastenersshouldbetreatedwithanti-corrosionandanti-rust.⑥屋面應(yīng)盡量避免開洞。若必須開洞時，則應(yīng)盡量避開靠近屋脊處。(6)Theroofshouldavoidopeningholesasmuchaspossible.Ifyoumustmakeahole,trytoavoidtheridgeascloseaspossible.壓型鋼板常用連接方式Commonconnectionmethodsforprofiledsteelplates

側(cè)向連接：沿著壓型槽長度方向，又稱橫向連接。壓型鋼板的橫向連接方式有搭接、咬邊和卡扣三種方式。Lateralconnection:alongthelengthoftheprofilegroove,alsoknownaslateralconnection.Therearethreewaysoflateralconnectionofprofiledsteelplates:lap,undercutandsnap.

長向連接：垂直于壓型槽長度方向，又稱縱向連接。搭接部位一般設(shè)在支承構(gòu)件上，搭接區(qū)段的板件設(shè)置防水密封帶。搭接方法：直接連接法和壓板擠緊法。Longconnection:perpendiculartothelengthdirectionoftheprofilegroove,alsoknownaslongitudinalconnection.Thelapjointpartisgenerallysetonthesupportingmember,andtheplateofthelapsectionisprovidedwithawaterproofsealingtape.Lapmethod:directconnectionmethodandpressingplatesqueezemethod.搭接方式是把壓型鋼板搭接邊重疊并用各種螺栓、鉚釘或自攻螺釘?shù)冗B成整體。Thelapjoiningmethodistooverlapthelapedgeoftheprofiledsteelplateandconnectitwithvariousbolts,rivetsorself-tappingscrews.咬邊方式是在搭接部位通過機(jī)械鎖邊，使其咬合相連。Theundercutmethodistomakeitbiteandconnectbymechanicallockingatthelapjoint.卡扣方式是利用鋼板彈性在向上或向左(向右)的力作用下形成左右相連。以上三種連接方式如圖所示。Thebucklemethodistousetheelasticityofthesteelplatetoformaleftandrightconnectionundertheactionofupwardorleft(right)force.Theabovethreeconnectionmethodsareshowninthefigure.a)搭接方式b)咬邊方式c)卡扣方式a)Lapmethodb)Undercutmethodc)Snapmethoda)Self-tappingscrewconnectionb)Discreetconnectionofpressureplatesc)Roundocclusalconnectiond)360Undercutconnection(discreet)e)180Undercutconnection(discreet)

壓型鋼板按波高分為高波板、中波板和低波板三種板型。屋面宜采用波高和波距較大的壓型鋼板；墻面宜選用波高和波距較小的壓型鋼板。Profiledsteelplatesaredividedintothreetypesofplates:highwaveplate,mediumwaveplateandlowwaveplateaccordingtowaveheight.Theroofshoulduseprofiledsteelplateswithlargewaveheightandpitch;Thewallshoulduseprofiledsteelplateswithsmallwaveheightandpitch.屋面高波壓型鋼板，可采用固定支架固定在檁條上；當(dāng)屋面或墻面壓型鋼板波高小于70mm，可不設(shè)固定支架而直接用鍍鋅鉤頭螺栓或自攻螺釘?shù)确椒▉砉潭āoofhighwavepressureprofilesteelplate,whichcanbefixedonthepurlinwithfixedbracket;Whenthewaveheightoftherooforwallprofiledsteelplateislessthan70mm,itcanbedirectlyfixedwithgalvanizedhookboltsorself-tappingscrewswithoutfixingbrackets.屋面高波壓型鋼板，每波均應(yīng)與連接件連接；對屋面中波或低波板可每波或隔波與支承構(gòu)件相連。為保證防水可靠性，屋面板的連接應(yīng)設(shè)置在波峰上。Roofhighwavepressuresteelplate,eachwaveshouldbeconnectedwiththeconnector;Forroofingmediumwaveorlowwaveplates,eachwaveorwaveinsulationcanbeconnectedtothesupportingmember.Toensurewaterproofreliability,theconnectionoftheroofpanelshouldbesetonthecrest.屋面保溫層的構(gòu)造如圖所示Thestructureoftheroofinsulationlayerisshowninthefigure特殊部位的構(gòu)造Structureofspecialparts屋脊處的構(gòu)造如圖所示Thestructureoftheridgeisshowninthefigure山墻處的構(gòu)造如圖所示Thestructureatthegableisshowninthepicturea)山墻泛水b)垂直泛水c)、d)山墻包角a)Gablefloodingb)Verticalfloodingc),d)gabledcorners檐溝、檐口處的構(gòu)造如圖所示Thestructureofthegutterandcorniceisshowninthefigurea)、b)檐溝c)檐口a),b)guttersc)Cornice變形縫的構(gòu)造如圖所示Thestructureofthedeformationjointisshowninthefigure窗口包角的構(gòu)造如圖所示Thestructureofthewindowwrapcornerisshowninthefigure

高層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的摟面一般均為鋼-混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)，而且多數(shù)系用壓型鋼板與鋼筋混凝土組成的組合樓層，其安裝施工要求如下:Thesurfaceofhigh-risesteelstructurebuildingsisgenerallyasteel-concretecompositestructure,andmostofthemarecombinedfloorscomposedofprofiledsteelplatesandreinforcedconcrete,andtheirinstallationandconstructionrequirementsareasfollows:

1)組合樓層的構(gòu)造。高層組合樓層的構(gòu)造形式為：壓型板+栓釘+鋼筋+混凝土。通過這種構(gòu)造形式，樓層結(jié)構(gòu)由栓釘將鋼筋混凝土壓型鋼板和鋼梁組合成整體。1)Structureofcombinedfloors.Thestructuralformofhigh-risecompositeflooris:profileplate+bolt+steel+concrete.Throughthisformofconstruction,thefloorstructureiscomposedofboltstocombinereinforcedconcreteprofiledsteelplatesandsteelbeams.平面彩鋼壓型板的組合樓層的施工安裝Constructionandinstallationofthecompositefloorofflatcolorsteelprofiledplate1-鋼梁2-壓型板3-點(diǎn)焊4-剪力栓5-樓板混凝土a)示意圖b)側(cè)視圖c)剖面圖圖壓型鋼板擱置在鋼梁上1-steelbeam2-profiledplate3-spotwelded4-shearbolt5-floorslabconcretea)Schematicdiagramb)Sideviewc)ProfileviewFigureProfiledsteelplaterestingonsteelbeam壓型鋼板用0.7mm和0.9mm兩種厚度的鍍鋅鋼板壓制而成，寬640mm,板肋高51mm。在施工期間同時起永久性模板的作用，可避免漏漿并減少支拆模工作，加快施工速度。壓型鋼板在鋼梁上的擱置情況，如圖所示。Theprofiledsteelplateispressedwithgalvanizedsteelsheetof0.7mmand0.9mmthickness,withawidthof640mmandaribheightof51mm.Atthesametime,itactsasapermanentformworkduringconstruction,whichcanavoidslurryleakageandreducethesupportandremovalofmolds,speedingupconstruction.Theshelvingoftheprofiledsteelplateonthesteelbeamisshowninthefigure.平面彩鋼壓型板的組合樓層的施工安裝Constructionandinstallationofthecompositefloorofflatcolorsteelprofiledplate1-鋼梁2-壓型板3-點(diǎn)焊4-剪力栓5-樓板混凝土a)示意圖b)側(cè)視圖c)剖面圖圖壓型鋼板擱置在鋼梁上1-steelbeam2-profiledplate3-spotwelded4-shearbolt5-floorslabconcretea)Schematicdiagramb)Sideviewc)ProfileviewFigureProfiledsteelplaterestingonsteelbeam2)組合樓層的施工2)Constructionofcombinedfloors

①封撐的設(shè)置。因結(jié)構(gòu)梁是由鋼梁通過剪力栓與混凝土樓面結(jié)合而成的組合梁，在澆搗混凝土并達(dá)到一定強(qiáng)度前，抗剪強(qiáng)度和剛度較差，為解決鋼梁和永久模板的抗剪強(qiáng)度不足，以支承施工期間樓面混凝土的自重，通常需設(shè)置簡單鋼管排架支撐或桁架支撐。(1)Settingofthebrace.Becausethestructuralbeamisacompositebeamformedbythecombinationofsteelbeamandconcretefloorthroughshearbolts,beforepouringconcreteandreachingacertainstrength,theshearstrengthandstiffnessarepoor,inordertosolvetheinsufficientshearstrengthofsteelbeamsandpermanentformwork,inordertosupporttheself-weightoffloorconcreteduringconstruction,itisusuallynecessarytosetupsimplesteelpiperowsupportortrusssupport.通常，采用連續(xù)四層樓面支撐的方法，使四個樓面的結(jié)構(gòu)梁共同支撐樓面混凝土的自重，如圖所示。Generally,themethodofcontinuousfour-storyfloorsupportisadopted,sothatthestructuralbeamsofthefourfloorsjointlysupportthe1-樓板2-鋼梁3-鋼管排架4-支點(diǎn)木5-梁中頂撐6-托撐7-鋼桁架8-鋼柱9-腹桿1-Floor2-Steelbeams3-Steelpiperacks4-Fulcrumwood5-Beammiddletopbrace6-Brace7-Steeltruss8-Steelcolumn9-Webbara)用排架支撐b)用桁架支撐c)鋼梁焊接桁架a)Supportedwithrowframesb)Supportedwithtrussesc)Weldedtrusseswithsteelbeams②樓面施工的程序。樓面施工的程序是由下而上，逐層支撐，順序澆筑。施工時，鋼筋綁扎和模板支撐可同時交叉進(jìn)行。混凝土宜采用泵送澆筑。(2)Proceduresforfloorconstruction.Theprocedureoffloorconstructionisfrombottomtotop,layerbyfloor,andpouredsequentially.Duringconstruction,rebarlashingandformworksupportcanbecrossedatthesametime.Concreteshouldbepumpedandpoured.鋪設(shè)至變截面梁處，一般從梁中向兩端進(jìn)行，至端部調(diào)整補(bǔ)缺；等截面梁處則可從一端開始，至另一端調(diào)整補(bǔ)缺。壓型板鋪設(shè)后，將兩端點(diǎn)焊于鋼梁上翼緣上，并用指定的焊槍進(jìn)行剪力栓焊接。Layingtothevariablesectionbeam,generallyfromthebeamtobothends,totheendadjustmenttofillthegap;Attheequalprofilebeam,youcanstartatoneendandadjustthegapattheotherend.Aftertheprofiledplateislaid,thetwoendsareweldedtotheupperflangeofthesteelbeamandshearboltsareweldedwiththespecifiedweldingtorch.1-樓板2-鋼梁3-鋼管排架4-支點(diǎn)木5-梁中頂撐6-托撐7-鋼桁架8-鋼柱9-腹桿1-Floor2-Steelbeams3-Steelpiperacks4-Fulcrumwood5-Beammiddletopbrace6-Brace7-Steeltruss8-Steelcolumn9-Webbara)用排架支撐b)用桁架支撐c)鋼梁焊接桁架a)Supportedwithrowframesb)Supportedwithtrussesc)Weldedtrusseswithsteelbeams③壓型鋼板的栓焊(3)Boltweldingofprofiledsteelplatea.栓釘?shù)囊?guī)格。栓釘是組合樓層結(jié)構(gòu)的剪力連接件，用以傳遞水平荷載到梁柱框架上，它的規(guī)格、數(shù)量按樓面與鋼梁連接處的剪力大小確定。栓釘直徑有13mm、16mm、19mm、22mm四種。a.Specificationsofthebolt.Theboltisashearconnectorofthecompositefloorstructuretotransmitthehorizontalloadtothebeamandcolumnframe,anditsspecificationsandquantityaredeterminedbytheshearforceattheconnectionbetweenthefloorandthesteelbeam.Therearefourkindsofboltdiameters:13mm,16mm,19mmand22mm.

b.栓釘焊接施工。b.Boltweldingconstruction.

Ⅰ.栓焊工必須經(jīng)過平焊、立焊、仰焊位置專業(yè)培訓(xùn)并取得合格證，才能做相應(yīng)技術(shù)施焊。I.Boltweldersmustundergoprofessionaltraininginflatwelding,verticalweldingandoverheadweldingpositionandobtainacertificateofconformitybeforetheycandothecorrespondingtechnicalwelding.Ⅱ.栓釘應(yīng)采用自動定時的栓焊設(shè)備進(jìn)行施焊，栓焊機(jī)必須連接在單獨(dú)的電源上，電源變壓器的容量應(yīng)在100～250,容量應(yīng)隨焊釘直徑的增大而增大，各項工作指數(shù)、靈敏度及精度要可靠。II.Boltshouldbeweldedbyautomatictimingboltweldingequipment,boltweldingmachinemustbeconnectedtoaseparatepowersupply,thecapacityofthepowertransformershouldbe100~250,thecapacityshouldincreasewiththeincreaseofthediameteroftheweldingnail,andtheworkingindex,sensitivityandaccuracyshouldbereliable.

Ⅲ.栓釘材質(zhì)應(yīng)合格，無銹蝕、氧化皮、油污、受潮；端部無涂漆、鍍鋅或鍍鎘等。III..Thematerialoftheboltshouldbequalified,withoutrust,oxidescale,oilstain,moisture;Theendsarenotpainted,galvanizedorcadmium-plated.Ⅳ.焊釘焊接藥座在施焊前必須嚴(yán)格檢查，不得使用焊接藥座破裂或缺損的栓釘。被焊母材必須清理表面的氧化皮、銹、受潮、油污等，被焊母材低于-18℃或遇雨雪天氣不得施焊，必須焊接時要采取有效的技術(shù)措施。IV.Theweldingagentseatoftheweldingnailmustbestrictlyinspectedbeforewelding,andtheboltoftheweldingsocketcrackedordefectiveshallnotbeused.Theweldedbasemetalmustcleanupthesurfaceofoxidescale,rust,moisture,oil,etc.,theweldedbasemetalislowerthan-18°Corincaseofrainandsnowweathershallnotbewelded,mustbeweldedtotakeeffectivetechnicalmeasures.

Ⅴ.對穿透壓型鋼板焊于母材上時，焊釘施焊前應(yīng)認(rèn)真檢查壓型鋼板是否與母材點(diǎn)固焊牢，其間隙應(yīng)控制在1mm以內(nèi)。被焊壓型鋼板在栓釘位置有銹或鍍鋅層時應(yīng)采用角向砂輪打磨干凈。V.Whenthepenetratingprofiledsteelplateisweldedtothebasemetal,beforeweldingtheweldingnails,itshouldbecarefullycheckedwhethertheprofiledsteelplateisfirmlyfixedwiththebasemetal,anditsgapshouldbecontrolledwithin1mm.Whentheweldedandpressedsteelplatehasrustorgalvanize