Unit-1-單元讀后續(xù)寫練習(xí)(人教版2019)

Unit1單元話題讀后續(xù)寫專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(名校最新真題)1．（2022·遼寧·高一期末）閱讀下面文章，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整短文。Onhiswayhome,Jonathonsawagray,long-hairedcatsittingonthesidewalk.Ashestoppedtopether,henoticedthatshewasnotwearingacollar.Sherubbedherheadagainsthishandandbegantopurr(發(fā)呼嚕聲).SheremindedJonathonofSmoky,thecathehadwhenhewasyounger.Smoky’sfurhadbeenlongandgraytoo.Jonathonpettedthecatforawhile.Thenhesaid,“Ihavetogo,”andcontinuedhome.Tohissurprise,thecatfollowedhim.WhenJonathonwashome,hewalkeduptheporchstepsandwentinthekitchen.Thecatfollowedhimupthestepsandsatquietlyoutsidethedoor,watchinghimclosely.Jonathonmadeasandwich.Thecatcontinuedtostareathim.Jonathonsighed.“Iknowit’snotagoodideatofeedastraycat,”hesaid,“butyoulooksohungry!Ican’tsithereandeatwithoutfeedingyoutoo!”Jonathonputsometurkeyonaplateforthecat.AsJonathonwatched,sheateeveryscrapofturkeyandthenbegantocleanherfaceandpaws.“Wow!”Jonathonsaid,“Youmusthavebeenstarving.Iwonderhowlongithasbeensincesomeonefedyou.”Jonathonfinishedhissandwichandlookedatthecat.Herlongfurwasmatted(亂蓬蓬的).JonathonrememberedthatSmoky’sbrushandtoyswerestoredinthegarage.“I’mgoingtocleanyouupalittle,”Jonathonsaidtothecat.JonathonfoundSmoky’sbrushandgottowork.Asthedirtcameout,thecat’sfurbegantogetlighter.“Hey!”Jonathonsaid,realizingthetruth.“You’renotgray—you’rewhite!”Afterherbrushing,thecatclimbedontoJonathon’slapandpurred.“You’resofriendly,youprobablybelongtosomeone,”Jonathonsaid.“Ibetyou’rejustlost.”WhenJonathon’sfathercamehome,Jonathonshowedhimthecatthathadstretchedoutinapatchofsunontheporch.“Whydon’tyoumakesomesignstoplaceintheneighborhood,”hisfathersuggested.注意：1.續(xù)寫字?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Hisfathersaidthatifnoonecalledaboutthecatafteraweek,Jonathoncouldkeepher._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Okay,”Jonathon’sfatherfinallysaid,“Ithinkyou’vewaitedlongenough.”_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】PossibleversionHisfathersaidthatifnoonecalledaboutthecatafteraweek,Jonathoncouldkeepher.Jonathonmadesomesignsthatread“CatFound”andhungthemaroundhisneighborhood.Hecouldnothelpcrossinghisfingers,though.Ononehand,heknewitwasrighttogivethecatbacktoitsowner;ontheotherhand,hedidlikethecatverymuchandwantedtoadoptit.Jonathonfedandbrushedhereveryday,andheandthecatbecameinseparable.Theweekcrawledbyandnoonecalledtoclaimthecat.“Okay,”Jonathon’sfatherfinallysaid,“Ithinkyou’vewaitedlongenough.”“YoumeanIcankeepthecat?”Jonathonwaswildwithjoy.Hisfathergaveanodandsaid,“Whydon’tyounamethecat?Thatwillmakeheramemberofthefamily.”Thinkingitoverandoveragain,JonathondecidedtocallthecatSnowybecauseshewasaswhiteassnow.AlthoughSnowyandSmokyweredifferentinmanyways,theyhadonethingincommon:loveandcompany.【分析】本文以長毛貓為線索展開，講述了Jonathon在人行道上撿到了一只長毛貓，并把它帶回家，原以為是只黑貓，后來才發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)她是白色的。Jonathon的爸爸建議尋找貓的主人?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“他的父親說，如果一周后沒有人打電話來問這只貓的事，喬納森可以養(yǎng)它?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫喬納森雖然很不舍，但是還是做了一些尋貓啟示。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“‘好吧’，喬納森的父親最后說，‘我想你等得夠久了。’”可知，第二段可描寫經(jīng)過父親的同意，喬納森收養(yǎng)了這只貓，并給它取了名字。2.續(xù)寫線索：尋找主人——無人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)——父親同意領(lǐng)養(yǎng)——給貓取名字3.詞匯激活行為類①歸還：give...back/return②喜歡：like/befondof情緒類①喜悅：joy/happiness②愛：love/affection【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Hisfathersaidthatifnoonecalledaboutthecatafteraweek,Jonathoncouldkeepher.（由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句）[高分句型2]ontheotherhand,hedidlikethecatverymuchandwantedtoadoptit.（用did強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語）[高分句型3]Thinkingitoverandoveragain,JonathondecidedtocallthecatSnowybecauseshewasaswhiteassnow.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）2．（2022·河南·洛陽市第一高級中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí)）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Once,whenIwasateenager,myfatherandIwerestandinginlinetobuyticketsforthecircus.Finally,therewasonlyonefamilybetweenusandtheticketcounter.Thisfamilymadeabigimpressiononme.Therewereeightchildren,allprobablyundertheageoftwelve.Youcouldtelltheydidn’thavealotofmoney.Theirclotheswerenotexpensive,buttheywereclean.Thechildrenwerewell-behaved,allofthemstandinginline,two-by-twobehindtheirparents,holdinghands.Theywereexcitedlytalkingabouttheclowns,elephants,andotheractstheywouldseethatnightwiththeirbrothersorsistersinalowvoice.Onecouldsensetheyhadneverbeentothecircusbefore.Itpromisedtobehighlightoftheiryounglives.Thefatherandmotherwereattheheadofthepack,standingproudascouldbe.Themotherwasholdingherhusband’shand,lookingupathimasiftosay,“Youaremyknightinshiningarmor.”Hewassmilingandrespondinginpride,lookingbackatherasiftosay,“Yougotthatright.”Theticketladyaskedthefatherhowmanyticketshewanted.Heproudlyresponded,“Pleaseletmebuyeightchildren’sticketsandtwoadultticketssoIcantakemyfamilytothecircus.”Theticketladygavetheprice.Theman’swifeletgoofhishand,herheaddropped,andhislipsbegantoshake.Thefatherleanedalittlecloserandasked,“Howmuchdidyousay?”Theticketladyagainquotedtheprice.Themandidn’thaveenoughmoney.Howwashesupposedtoturnaroundandtellhiseightchildrenthathedidn’thaveenoughmoneytotakethemtothecircus?Actuallywewerenotwealthyinanysense.SoIunderstoodhowthekidswouldfeel.Ifeltsorryforthem.Paragraph1：Seeingwhatwasgoingon,mydadputhishandinhispocket,pulledouta$20billanddroppeditontheground._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：ThatdayIwentbackhomewithmyfatherwithoutanytickets,exceptavaluablelesson._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Paragraph1：Seeingwhatwasgoingon,mydadputhishandinhispocket,pulledouta$20billanddroppeditontheground.Thenhepickeditupandtappedthefatherontheshoulderandsaid,“Excuseme,sir,outofyourpocketfellthisbill.”Themanturnedaroundandsawthemoney.Hestoodsilentlyforasecond,feelingconfused.Butsoon,heknewwhatwasgoingon.Holdingmydad’shandinbothofhishandsandkeepingatightgriponthebill,hiseyeslitupwithgratitude.Withhislipsshakingandsomethingshininginhiseyes,herepliedinalowvoice,“Thankyou,Sir.Thisreallymeansalottomeandmyfamily.”Paragraph2：ThatdayIwentbackhomewithmyfatherwithoutanytickets,exceptavaluablelesson.Surely,themanwasn’tbeggingforahandout.However,itwasadesperate,heartbreakingandembarrassingsituationforaproudfatherwhowishednothingbuthighlighthischildren’slifejustwiththecircus!Dadsteppedforwardandofferedhiswarmhandswithrespect.Whatmydaddidshowmethatbeingwealthyisnotjustaboutmoney.【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者和父親在排隊(duì)買馬戲團(tuán)的票時(shí)，前面有個(gè)家庭給作者留下了深刻印象。這個(gè)家庭看上去不是很有錢，有8個(gè)孩子，但孩子們穿著很干凈，舉止良好，在開心地談?wù)撔〕?、大象和其他表演。到買票時(shí)，那位父親沒有足夠的錢支付8個(gè)孩子的票，感到很尷尬，他的嘴唇開始顫抖了。作者特別理解孩子們的感受，為他們感到難過?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“看到這一切，爸爸把手伸進(jìn)口袋，掏出一張20美元的鈔票，扔在地上?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼懽髡叩母赣H是如何幫助那個(gè)買不起票的父親的。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“那天我和我的父親回家，除了一堂寶貴的課，沒有任何票?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫父親的行為中帶給作者的感悟。2.續(xù)寫線索：送錢——困惑——感謝——回家——感悟3.詞匯激活行為類①拿出：pullout/takeout②回答：reply/answer③返回：goback/return情緒類①困惑：confused/puzzled②感謝：withgratitude/gratefully【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1].Butsoon,heknewwhatwasgoingon.（由連接代詞what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作knew的賓語）[高分句型2].However,itwasadesperate,heartbreakingandembarrassingsituationforaproudfatherwhowishednothingbuthighlighthischildren’slifejustwiththecircus（由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句）[高分句型3].Whatmydaddidshowmethatbeingwealthyisnotjustaboutmoney.（由what引導(dǎo)主語從句和連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句）3．（2022·遼寧大連·高一期末）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。TheBestNourishment(營養(yǎng))ofLifeAndrewalmostthoughtofhimselfasthemostunfortunatechildintheworldbecauseadiseaseinhischildhoodmadehisleglame(瘸的)andhisteethuneven.Hewasalwaysafraidofbeinglookeddownupon.Therefore,heseldomplayedwithhisclassmates.Whentheteacheraskedhimtoanswerquestions,healwaysloweredhisheadwithoutaword,exceptinbiologyclass,whichwashisfavoritesubject.Onespring,hisDadbroughthomeaboxofflowersprouts(花苗),suchasrosesandcarnations(康乃馨).Hewantedtohavethemplantedinfrontofthehouse.Heaskedeachchildtochooseone,“Iwillgiveyouamonthtoraisetheflowers.ThenIwillseewhoseflowergrowsbest.Thewinnerwillbeboughtafavoritegift.”AndrewwasalwayslongingforDKChildren’sEncyclopedia(百科全書).AtDad’swords,hewasespeciallypleased.Hechosearedrose.Inthefollowingdays,he,togetherwithhisbrotherandsister,wasbusywatering,feedingandtendingtheflowersproutscarefully.Buttohissorrow,hisrosesproutdidn’tgrowasstrongashisbrother’sandsister’s.Instead,itbenttowardsthegroundandturnedyellowandthenbrown.Obviously,itwasdying.“Justmyluck.AsterribleasIam.”hesighedandleftdisappointedly,determinednottoattendtoitatall.Unexpectedly,hehappenedtopasstheflowerafewdayslaterandwassurprisedtofinditdidn’twilt(枯萎)butgrewsomefreshleavesinstead.Comparedwiththeflowersofhisbrotherandsister,hisappearedgreenerandmorelively.Forthefirsttime,hethoughtgoodluckfavoredhim.Thatnight,lyingonthebed,hesuddenlyrecalledthebiologyteacheroncesaidthatplantsgenerallygrowatnight.“Whynotgotoseetheflower?”hethought.注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Whenhecametothecourtyard,hefoundafamiliarfigure(身影)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Amonthpassedandthencamethebigday._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Para1:Whenhecametothecourtyard,hefoundafamiliarfigure(身影).HeapproachedandfounditwashisDad.Suddenlyheunderstood:Dadhadbeensecretlycaringforhisflower!Withtearswellingup,hecameup,saying,“Thankyou,Dad.Thankyouforwhatyouhavedoneforme!”Strokinghisheadgently,DadexplainedthathehopedAndrewwouldbeoptimisticandbelieveinhimself.Wipingthetears,Andrewnodded,promisinghewould.Thefollowingdays,heattendedtotheflowerdevotedly.Para2:Amonthpassedandthencamethebigday.Incomparison,Andrew’srosegrewbest.Holdinghisfavoritebookinhishand,Andrewcrackedabroadsmile.Forthefirsttime,Andrewthoughthewasthemostfortunatechildintheworld.Gradually,Andrewchanged.Betweenclassesandafterclasses,hewouldplaywithhisclassmates.Andinclass,hewouldactivelygetinvolved.ThatwasallbecausehisDad’sloveandcarehadaprofoundimpactonhim.Loveisthebestnourishmentoflife.【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了主人公Andrew因童年的疾病導(dǎo)致腿瘸了而覺得自己是個(gè)不幸的男孩，怕被人看不起，不敢和同學(xué)玩耍。后來爸爸讓他們?nèi)齻€(gè)孩子一起挑花苗來種，種的好的將獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。爸爸為了讓他建立信心，偷偷幫他照顧花朵，使他明白為人要樂觀積極，這也對他產(chǎn)生很大的影響?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“當(dāng)他來到庭院時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)熟悉的身影?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼慉ndrew看到爸爸在偷偷幫他照顧花朵，他很感動(dòng)以及爸爸如何開導(dǎo)他。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“一個(gè)月過去了，重大的日子來了。”可知第二段可描寫Andrew的花開得最好，并獲得了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，這也對他產(chǎn)生重大影響，使他改變了很多。2.續(xù)寫線索：發(fā)現(xiàn)身影——了解真相——感謝爸爸——爸爸開導(dǎo)——重大日子到來——得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)——感到有信心——改變——感悟3.詞匯激活行為類①發(fā)現(xiàn)：find/discover②照顧：carefor/takecareof/lookafter③點(diǎn)頭：nod/giveanodofapproval情緒類①淚水涌上來：withtearswellingup/withtearsfloodingin②露出燦爛的笑容：crackabroadsmile/abroadsmilespreads【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Withtearswellingup,hecameup,saying,“Thankyou,Dad.Thankyouforwhatyouhavedoneforme!”（運(yùn)用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的句子以及現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語）[高分句型2]ThatwasallbecausehisDad’sloveandcarehadaprofoundimpactonhim.（運(yùn)用了because引導(dǎo)的表語從句）4．（2022·河北省唐縣第一中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí)）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwas12yearsold,Istartedmyfirstjobofdeliveringnewspapers.IworkedformyhometownpapercalledTimes-News.Eachafternoon,thenewspapercompanydumped(丟下)apileofpapersonmydriveway.Ihadtorollthemup,fitabandaroundeachone,andpilethemintomyshoulderbag.ThenIwouldjumponmySchwinnten-speedbikeandrideacoupleofblockstodeliverthemtoneighbors.Thatwastheeasypartformyjob.However,thehardpartwascollectingmoneyeachmonth.Itwasintheearly1980sbeforeonlinepayments,soIhadtogodoor-to-door.Oneofmycustomerswasanelderlywomanwholivedbyherself.ThefirsttimeImether,shewasquiteangry.ShecomplainedaboutwhereIthrewherpapereachafternoon.Shedidn’twantitonthedrivewayandshewanteditonherdoorway.Ihadneverhadadissatisfiedcustomerbefore,soIstoodtherespeechlesswithmymouthhangingopen.Asafinalinsult(侮辱),shewavedafingerinmyfaceandrefusedtopay.Irodemybikebackhomediscouragedandupset.WhenItalkedtomyparentsaboutwhathappenedthatnight,theygavemeadvicethatsoundedincredible.Butithelpedsolvetheproblemalmostimmediately.It’sthewisdomI’vecarriedwithmeforthelastfortyyears.Whatdidtheytellme?“Brian,bekindtoher,andshemayturnouttobeyourbestcustomer.”Totheearsofa12-year-old,thatsoundedridiculous(荒謬的),likeIcouldjumponmybiketothemoon.Therewasabsolutelynopossibilitythatthisladycouldbenice.Iwasconvincedaboutthat.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Buttoappease(安撫)myparents,Igaveitatry.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thistime,shegreetedmedifferently.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】參考范文：Buttoappease(安撫)myparents,Igaveitatry.Eachafternoon,whenIarrivedatherhouse,Ijumpedoffmybikeanddeliveredherpapertoherdoorwayjustasshehadrequestedbefore.Shewastheonlycustomerwhogotthattypeofspecialdelivery.Ididthisforafullmonth,neverseeingher.Andthenthetimeforpaymentdaycameagain.Iwasworriedaboutit.IcouldrememberIwasextremelynervouswhenwalkingtoherdoorandringingthedoorbell.Thistime,shegreetedmedifferently.Gonewasthecomplainingandangryelderlywoman.Nowshepresentedmewithkindnessinhereyes.“Thankyoufordeliveringmypapertothedoorway,youngman,”shesaidwithasmile.“Ihavetroubleinwalkingandnowitmakesitmucheasierforme.”Shegavemeacheckwhichsurprisedmewithabigtip.Fortherestofmytimeasanewspapercarrier,shewavedtomeeachday,offeredmecookies,andtippedmeextramoneywhichmademyjobmeaningful.【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索，主要講述了作者在十二歲時(shí)開始了她的第一份工作，送報(bào)紙。每天下文作者都會(huì)騎著自行車去送報(bào)紙，但是她的工作最困難的是每個(gè)月去挨家挨戶的收錢。她的一位顧客是一位獨(dú)居的老年婦女，這位女士總是抱怨作者的服務(wù)不好，拒絕付錢。所以作者很沮喪的回到家中并把這件事告訴了父母。父母建議她對這位女士好些，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)成為最好的客戶。但是作者并不相信父母的話?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“但為了安撫我的父母，我試了一下?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者接受了父母的意見，對這位老婦人的服務(wù)更周到了。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“這一次，她用不同的方式問候我。”可知，第二段可描寫通過作者的努力，這位老婦人的態(tài)度終于有了轉(zhuǎn)變。2.續(xù)寫線索：接納建議——服務(wù)周到——態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變——結(jié)果變好——感悟3.詞匯激活行為類①到達(dá)她的房子：arriveatherhouse/reachherhouse②給我餅干：offermecookies/providemewithcookies③送報(bào)紙：deliverherpaper/sendherpaper情緒類①擔(dān)心：beworriedabout/beanxiousabout②非常緊張：extremelynervous/verytense【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Shewastheonlycustomerwhogotthattypeofspecialdelivery.（由who引導(dǎo)了限定性定語從句）【高分句型2】Shegavemeacheckwhichsurprisedmewithabigtip.（由which引導(dǎo)了限定性定語從句）5．（2022·甘肅·靈臺一中高一期末）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的短文。EversinceArickBakerwasakid,hisfatherhadwarnedhim:“Ifyougodowninthecorn,youdon’tcomeout.”Thetallgrainbinsstoreenoughdriedcorntoswallowupabodycompletely,squeezingthebreathandlifefromapersoninseconds.Accidentshappen,andthey’reoftendeadly.26havebeenkilledintheaccidentseversince,andthefirefightersresponsibleforitneverhadluckrescuinganyone.However,the23-year-oldBakerwasn’tthinkingabouttherisks.Withhisdad,Rick,gettingolder,Bakerwasincreasinglyresponsibleforthefarm’smostunpleasanttasksofcleaninginsidethetallgrainbins,whichusuallytooktwodaystofinishduetoitsheightandsize.Thatmorning,Bakerstoodrightinthegrainbin,tryingtocleanupthebottom,whilehisfatherwasouthelpingtotransfertruckloadsofcornfrominside.Itwasasweatingday,anditwas58℃insidethebin.Bakerwaswearingamasktokeepawayfromallthedustkickedupwhileworking.Around10:30thatmorning,Baker’sdadlefthisspotontheroof,wherehehadkeptaneyeonhisson,andthenhedroveawaythelastpileofcorn.Butjustsecondslater,Bakerfeltaroaringstormofcorncomingfromabove.Itwasanotherdriverunloadingcornintothegrainbin,andhewasquicklystuckfirminthecornbeforehecouldevenreact.“Help!”Bakeryelledonce,butdarknessandsilencesetin,andhewasdowninthecorn.Awfultofeelhimselfsqueezed,Bakertriedtomovehislegafewcentimeters,butthecornwouldrushbackintofilltheblank,packinghimeventighter.Everybreathwasexhausting,andafterabouttwohoursofhelplessness,hewaswonderinghowlonghecouldstilllast.Thetruthwas,justmomentsafterhedroveaway,Baker’sfatherhadlefthissonaphonemessage:“Hey,Arick.Likeafool,IforgottowaittomakesureyougotoutOK.Givemeacallwhenyougotthis.”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Buttwohourslater,whenhestilldidn’tgetareply,Baker’sdadbecameworried.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________KnowingBakerwasstillalivefromhisvoicebelowencouragedfirefighterstodigfurther.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________