2021年高考英語考點總動員系列-專題05-動詞和動詞短語(解析版)

【母題再現(xiàn)】題型介紹：動詞短語和動詞詞義辨析考點，是英語高考必考點之一。在高考中主要考查點有：動詞詞義辨析和動詞短語辨析。命題形式：本考點在高考中的命題形式主要有：1.單選填空（毀滅在自主命題區(qū)）；2.完形填空。高考選題：題型1：【2022·天津卷】9.Myparentsalways_______greatimportancetomygettingagoodeducation.A.haveB.attachC.acceptD.pay題型2：【2022·江西卷】27.Anyway,we’reherenow,solet’s___someseriouswork.A.comeupwithB.getdowntoC.doawaywithD.liveupto題型3：【2022·山東卷】完形填空CharlotteWhiteheadwasborninEnglandin1843,andmovedtoMontreal,Canadaattheagefivewithherfamily.While21herilleldersisterthroughouttheyears,Charlottediscoveredshehada(an)22inmedicine.At18shemarriedand23afamily.Severalyearslater,Charlottesaidshewantedtobea24.Herhusbandsupportedherdecision.25,Canadianmedicalschoolsdidnot26womenstudentsatthetime.Therefore,CharlottewenttotheUnitedStatestostudy27attheWomen’sMedicalCollegeinPhiladelphia.Ittookherfiveyearsto28hermedicaldegree.

Upongraduation,Charlotte29toMontrealandsetupaprivate30.Threeyearslater,shemovedtoWinnipeg,Manitoba,andthereshewasonceagaina31doctor.Manyofherpatientswerefromthenearbytimberandrailwaycamps.Charlotte32herselfoperatingondamagedlimbsandsetting33bones,inadditiontodeliveringallthebabiesinthearea.ButCharlottehadbeenpracticingwithoutalicense.Shehad34adoctor’slicenseinbothMontrealandWinnipeg,butwas35.TheManitobaCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeons,anall-maleboard,wantedherto36herstudiesataCanadianmedicalcollege!Charlotterefusedto37herpatientstospendtimestudyingwhatshealreadyknew.Soin1887,sheappearedtotheManitobaLegislatureto38alicensetoherbutthey,too,refused.Charlotte39topracticewithoutalicenseuntil1912.Shediedfouryearslaterattheageof73.In1993,77yearsafterher40,amedicallicensewasissuedtoCharlotte.ThisdecisionwasmadebytheManitobaLegislaturetohonor“thiscourageousandpioneeringwoman.”【小題1】21.A.raising B.teaching C.nursing D.missing【小題2】22.A.habit B.interest C.opinion D.voice【小題3】23.A.invented B.selected C.offered D.started【小題4】24.A.doctor B.musician C.lawyer D.physicist【小題5】25.A.Besides B.Unfortunately C.Otherwise D.Eventually【小題6】26.A.hire B.entertain C.trust D.accept【小題7】27.A.history B.physics C.medicine D.law【小題8】28.A.improve B.save C.design D.earn【小題9】29.A.returned B.escaped C.spread D.wandered【小題10】30.A.school B.museum C.clinic D.lab【小題11】31.A.busy B.wealthy C.greedy D.lucky【小題12】32.A.helped B.found C.troubled D.imagined【小題13】33.A.harmful B.tired C.broken D.weak【小題14】34.A.putaway B.takenover C.turnedin D.appliedfor【小題15】35.A.punished B.refused C.blamed D.fired【小題16】36.A.display B.change C.preview D.complete【小題17】37.A.leave B.charge C.test D.cure【小題18】38.A.sell B.donate C.issue D.show【小題19】39.A.continued B.promised C.pretended D.dreamed【小題20】40.A.birth B.death C.wedding D.graduation點評：本題有11出考查動詞及動詞短語的辨析。解題技巧：動詞短語和動詞詞義辨析是高考的必考點。在高考試題中常以1.單項填空；2.完形填空。解答此類試題，可以從以下幾個方面著手考慮：動詞及其詞組的機敏運用是英語的特色之一，也是同學學習中的難點，因此每年均為測試的重點。在歷年高考試題中動詞所占的比例最大，設(shè)題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或短語來測試考生在具體語境中對動詞短語意義的理解和運用。其考點主包括:1、考查動詞詞義辨析。包括常見動詞用法辨析，近義詞辨析，詞形相近詞辨析，用法相近詞辨析。2、考查動詞短語詞義辨析。主要包括同根動詞短語的辨析、同根介詞或副詞的動詞短語的辨析、不同動詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語的辨析以及“動詞+副詞+介詞”短語的辨析。在動詞詞組的測試中，絕大多數(shù)為基礎(chǔ)動詞，毀滅頻率較高的詞有：get，turn，make，put，go，give，break，cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold，fall，carry，pull，catch，call，take等。高考對于動詞短語的考查,除了考查動詞短語基本含義辨析外,更留意動詞短語的新義和引申意，如:polish拋光，磨光（本意）→修正，文飾（引申）；sniff嗅，聞（本意）→鄙視地說，嗤之以鼻（引申）；stir移動，攪拌（本意）→煽動（引申）；breakdown發(fā)生故障，失靈，失效（本意）→坍塌；崩潰，瓦解，中斷，中止（引申），同時還有“慟哭”之意；lookinto向里面看（本意）→調(diào)查；爭辯（引申），同時還有“掃瞄”之意；再如：workout的基本詞義為“解決；算出；制定出”，較生詞義為“熬煉”。3、考查系動詞、半系動詞用法。動詞作系動詞用時，后面常接形容詞、名詞、分詞和不定式等，此時動詞沒有進行時和被動語態(tài)。這類動詞有：appear,become,feel,look,sound,seem,taste,prove,remain,stay,smell,grow,turn,go,come,fall,stand,lie,exist等。此外，一些無被動語態(tài)形式的“共性”動詞也是學習的重點，如belongto（屬于）,witness（見證，目擊）等。2021年高考命題照舊會堅持結(jié)合語境考查考生對動詞短語意義的理解和運用力氣，尤其是動詞短語的新義、動詞的一詞多義等【考點揭秘】高頻考點一：考查動詞詞義辨析【2022屆廣西桂林十八校其次次月考】—Howmuchdoesthisstoreoften_______forsuchlargeeggs?—Only$65UScentsadozen.Itwasarealbargain.A.demandB.costC.payD.charge高頻考點二：考查動詞短語辨析【2022屆廣西桂林十八中第六次月考】Withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching，studentsshould________tostayenergetic.A．workoutB．pulloutC．giveoutD．figureout【直擊高考】動詞和動詞短語1.【2022·全國大綱卷】31.Carolinedoesn’thaveagiftformusic，butshe______itwithhardwork.A.goesbackon B.takesawayfrom C.makesupforD.catchesupwith2.【2022·天津卷】13.Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeetto_______somebarrierstotradebetweenthem.A.makeupB.useupC.turndownD.breakdown3.【2022·浙江卷】19.

Howcouldyou______suchafantasticjobwhenyouhavebeenoutofworkformonths.

A.turnoff

B.turnin

C.turndown

D.turnto4.【2022·浙江卷】9.

Nomatterhowcarefullyyouplanyourfinances,noonecan_____whentheunexpectedwillhappen.

A.prove

B.imply

C.demand

D.predict5.【2022·江西卷】29.Idon’tbelievewhatyousaid,butifyoucanproveit,youmaybeableto__-me.A.convinceB.informC.guaranteeD.refuse6.【2022·福建卷】25.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeintermsofoverallquality.A.supportedB.matchedC.evaluatedD.controlled7.【2022·福建卷】33.Asagrassrootssinger,shereadseverythingshecanconcerningmusic,andtakeseveryopportunitytoimproveherself.A.catchsightofB.getholdofC.takechargeofD.makementionof8.【2022·湖北卷】Seeingthebigcrowdcomingtowardshim,hestartedtorundownthehill，but____ andwentdownonhishandsandkneesinthemeltingsnow.A.slipped B.skied C.signalled D.sank9.【2022·湖北卷】Theoldruleshavetobe _____becausetheyonlyappliedtothecircumstancesthatexistedwhentheyweremadeahundredyearsago.A.developed B.established C.observed D.revised10.【2022·湖北卷】I’vebeentryingtophoneCharlesallevening,buttheremustbesomethingwrongwiththenetwork;Ican’tseemto_____.A.getthrough B.getoff C.getin D.getalong11.【2022·湖北卷】Isthisyournecklace,Mary?I____ itwhenIwascleaningthebathroomthismorning.A.cameacrossB.dealtwith C.lookedafterD.wentfor12.【2022·江蘇卷】25.Topgraduatesfromuniversitiesare________bymajorcompanies.A.chased B.registered C.offered D.compensated13.【2022·江蘇卷】30.—Dad,Idon’tthinkOlivertherightsortofpersonforthejob.—Isee.I’llgorightawayand________.A.payhimback B.payhimoff C.puthimaway D.puthimoff14.【2022·江蘇卷】33.LegendhasitthattheoriginoftheDragonBoatFestivalisto________thesoulofQuYuan.A.remember B.remind C.recover D.recall15.【2022·陜西卷】18.RalphW.Emersonwouldalways______newideasthatoccurredtohim.A.setoff B.setabout C.setup D.setdown16.【2022·安徽卷】26．Terry,pleaseyourcellphonewhenGrandmaistalkingtoyou.A.lookupfromB.lookintoC.lookbackonD.lookthrough17.【2022·安徽卷】28．Whenthesportsheroatourparty,hewaswelcomedwithopenarms.A.turnedupB.leftoffC.movedonD.gotaway18.【2022·安徽卷】34．Shakespeare'swritingisstillpopulartoday.Ithasreallythetestoftime.A.failedB.stoodC.takenD.conducted19.【2022·浙江卷】7.

Lastweekatennisballhitmeonthehead,butItriedto_______thepain,believingthatitwouldgo

awaysoonerorlater.

A.share

B.realize

C.ignore

D.cause【課后反饋】夯實基礎(chǔ)：1．【2022屆廣西貴港市5月模擬沖刺】Muchoftheworkto_______things_______hashappenedinthebrowser,whichpeopleusetoloadaspecificwebsitequickly.A.bring;outB.turn;downC.speed;upD.take;off2．【2022屆廣西桂林中學2月考】Youcan’texpectababyto________yourexistingroutine. A.fitinwithB.fiton C.fitupwithD.fitin3．【2022屆廣西南寧市馬山中學12月考】Sincethe1980s,thescientistshavedevotedthemselvestotheresearch_______findinganewcureforthedisease.A.settingfootinB.endedupwith C.startingwith D.aimedat4．【2022屆廣西桂林十八中第三次月考】Believeitornot,one’spersonalitycanbe_______byone’shandwriting.A.resembledB.strengthenedC.reflectedD.shaped5．【2022屆浙江省金華十校4月模擬】15．Asaleadingproducerofgreenhousegases,ChinatheUnitedStatesasthelargestconsumersofenergy．A．describes B．joins C．controls D．influences力氣拓展：6．【2022屆浙江省五校其次次聯(lián)考】19.—Ihadthecomputersrepairedyesterday. —Howmuchdidthey_________forthat? A.cost B.spend C.take D.charge7．【2022屆浙江省五校其次次聯(lián)考】13.Ahorriblethought_________himwhenhewaswaitingforTomintheairport:whatiftheplanefromMalaysiahadbeenhijacked（劫持）?A.attacked B.struck C.beat D.occurred 8．【2022屆江蘇南京市、鹽城市二?！?1.Iwasonceashamedtoadmitmyweakness,butnowIhavenosuchfeelingandI________myselfmuchdiscomfort.A.bringB.offerC.saveD.promise9．【2022屆廣西南寧市馬山中學12月考】Ithasbeenrainingeverydaysofar.Ihopetomorrowwill______fine.A.turnout B.turnover C.turnup D.turninto10．【2022屆廣西柳州鐵路一中9月考】Amazing!Toomanyprivatecarsaretrappedonthehighwayswhichisfreeofchargeforthefirsttime,causingheavytrafficjams,someeven_______forseveralhours.A.heldup B.brokenupC.takenup D.givenup自我提升：11．【2022屆廣西桂林十八校其次次月考】Youwillbesurprisedhowquicklyyou_____themoney,soitisworthwhiletomakeaplaninadvance.A.putawayB.getthroughC.runoutD.endup12．【2022屆廣西桂林十八校第一次月考】25.AfterseveralroundsoftheVoiceofChinaCompetition,JiKeJunYi_______becauseofherexcellentvoiceandperformance.A.putout B.pickedout C.brokeout D.stoodout13．【2022屆江西省新余一中高三第十一次模擬考試試題】Trynottocoughmorethanyoucan_____sinceitmaycauseproblemstoyourlungs.A．helpB．a(chǎn)llowC．stopD．check14．【2022屆九江市高三其次次模擬統(tǒng)一考試試題】Assoonasthegatewasopened,thepeoplearoundcrowdedintothesupermarketandIgot_____frommyfriend. A.divided B.separated C.lost D.missed15．【2022屆江西省南昌其次中學高三第一次月考英語試題】Intheclinic,IaskedifMichaelcouldberetested,sothespecialisttestedhimagain.Tomy_36_,itwasthesamescore.Laterthatevening,I_37_toldFrankwhatIhadlearnedthatday.Aftertalkingitover,weagreethatweknewour_38_muchbetterthananIQtest.We_39_thatMichael’sscoremusthavebeena_40_andweshouldtreathim_41_asusual.WemovedtoIndianain1962,andMichaelstudiedatConcordiaHighSchoolinthesameyear.Hegot_42_gradesintheschool,especially_43_biologyandchemistry,whichwasagreatcomfort.Michael_44_IndianaUniversityin1965asapre-medicalstudent,soonafterwards,histeacherspermittedhimtotakemorecoursesthan_45_.In1968,hewasacceptedbytheSchoolofMedicine,YaleUniversity.Ongraduationdayin1972,FrankandI_46_theceremonyatYale.Aftertheceremony,wetoldMichaelaboutthe_47_IQscorehegotwhenhewassix.Sincethatday,Michaelsometimeswouldlookatusandsay_48_,“MydearmomanddadnevertoldmethatIcouldn’tbeadoctor,notuntilafterIgraduatedfrommedicalschool!”Itishisspecialwayofthankingusforthe_49_wehadinhim.Interestingly,Michaelthen_50_anotherIQtest.Wewenttothesameclinicwherehehad_51_thetesteighteenyearsbefore.ThistimeMichaelscored126,anincreaseof36p