北京高考英語(yǔ)試題及答案

...wd......wd......wd...絕密★啟用前2017年普通高等學(xué)校全國(guó)招生統(tǒng)一考試〔北京卷〕英語(yǔ)本試卷共16頁(yè)，共150分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚囃戤吅螅瑢⒈驹嚲砗痛痤}卡一并交回。第一局部：聽(tīng)力理解(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)〔共5小題；每題1.5分，總分值7.5分〕聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)答復(fù)有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)一遍。例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?A．Anewspaper.B．Amagazine.C．Abook.答案是A。1．Whenwillthefilmstart?A．At5:00.B．At6:00.C．At7:00.2．Whichclubwillthemanjoin?A．Thefilmclub.B．Thetravelclub.C．Thesportsclub.3．Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?A．Sunny.B．Windy.C．Snowy.4．Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?A．Afish.B．Abird.C．Amonkey.5．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inalibrary.B．Atabookstore.C．Inamuseum.第二節(jié)〔共10小題；每題1.5分，15分〕聽(tīng)下面4段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每題。聽(tīng)完后，每題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，答復(fù)第6至7題。6．Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A．Tomakeaninvitation.B．Toaskforinformation.C．Todiscussaholidayplan.7．Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus?A．$50.B．$150.C．$350.聽(tīng)第7段材料，答復(fù)第8至9題。8.Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.C.Recylingbenefits.9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellphoneintheend?A.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.C.Sellittoberecycled.聽(tīng)第8段材料，答復(fù)第10至12題。10.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwosperkers?A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband.C.Businesspartners.11.Wheredoesthewomanworknow?A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inatravelagency.12.Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?A.Totakeatrip.B.Tohaveacoffee.C.Toattendameeting.聽(tīng)第9段材料，答復(fù)第13至15題。13.Whathasbeenimprovedaccordingtothespeaker?A.Thetrainstation.B.Thebusservice.C.Theparkinglot.14.Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday?A.Bybusandonfoot.B.Bytrainandbybus.C.Bytrainandonfoot.15.Whoisthespeaker?A.Areporter. B.Apoliceman. C.Aphotographer.第三節(jié)〔共5小題；每題1.5分，共7.5分〕聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，完成第16至20五道小題，每題僅填寫(xiě)一個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)對(duì)話前，你將有20秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀試題，聽(tīng)完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。這段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。Pick-upAppointmentFormItem〔物品〕A16andsomemagazinesDestinationOverseasto17Delivery?Air□RegularTimetopickup5:0018afternoonPackingAmediumboxCustomer'sinformationMr.Hudson1989Street,Chicago,20Tel:4159786第二局部：知識(shí)運(yùn)用〔共兩節(jié)，45分〕第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空〔共15小題；每題1分，共15分〕從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain,________,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago. A.What’smore B.That’stosay C.Inotherwords D.Believeitornot 答案是D。21.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need22.—Peter,pleasesenduspostcards______we’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.—Noproblem.A.butB.orC.forD.so23.Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever24.—______thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling25.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because26.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when27.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______theirvaluabletime.A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saved28.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople_______youfigureitout.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.since29.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______yet.A.haven’tinventedB.haven’tbeeninventedC.hadn’tinventedD.hadn’tbeeninvented30.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________frombutterfliestoelephants.A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged31.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when32.Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime_______withhisstudents.A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent33.People______betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey’relivinglongerasaresult.A.willhave B.have C.had D.hadhad34.Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput35.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry.A.atB.inC.onD.by第二節(jié)完形填空〔共20小題；每題1.5分，共30分〕閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofagarbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould38,but,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve(解決)theproblemofhomelessness.Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,39anoldshoppingtrolley〔購(gòu)物車(chē)〕whichwaspiledwith40.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn’t43asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoudation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto45“BigBosses〞lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising(募捐)drivein“LadybugJars〞tocollecteveryone`ssparechangeduring“MakeChange〞month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada`s48andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah`sPlace〞,somethingthatHannahisvery49of.Hannah`sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.Youcan,too!36.A.jumping B.eating C.crying D.waving37.A.annoyed B.nervous C.ashamed D.upset38.A.behave B.manage C.help D.work39.A.pushing B.carrying C.buying D.holding40.A.goods B.bottles C.foods D.bags41.A.excited B.determined C.energetic D.grateful42.A.since B.unless C.although D.as43.A.sound B.get C.feel D.look44.A.exchange B.leave C.keep D.spread45.A.sell B.deliver C.host D.pack46.A.contribute B.lead C.apply D.agree47.A.campaign B.trip C.procedure D.trial48.A.elderly B.hungry C.lonely D.sick49.A.aware B.afraid C.proud D.sure50A.going B.sleeping C.traveling D.playing51.A.praises B.invitations C.replies D.appointments52.A.needs B.interests C.dreams D.efforts53.A.for B.through C.besides D.along54.A.healthy B.public C.normal D.tough55.A.choice B.profit C.judgement D.difference第三局部：閱讀理解〔共兩節(jié)，40分〕第一節(jié)〔共15小題；每題2分，共30分〕閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(發(fā)抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris’seyerolledback,〞Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.〞Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?〞CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpresszxxkonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,〞saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris’heartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,〞Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.〞ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,〞Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.〞56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.BInspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren’spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.What’sinside?What’sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine? Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy〔哲學(xué)〕—andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.Soundstoogoodtobetrue? Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.59.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?A.Itentertainsyoungparents.B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.60.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?A.Onlinecourses.B.Articlesonnewtopics.C.Lecturesonabalancedlife.D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.61.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.￡55.B.￡60.C.￡65.D.￡70.62.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.A.freebirthdaypresentsB.fullrefundwithin28daysC.membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD.chancestomeettheexpertsinpersonCMeasles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity〞,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(決定不參加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption〔豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.63．Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____________.A．a(chǎn)smallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC．a(chǎn)nti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64．Herdimmunityworkswellwhen____________.A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65．Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A．Theoveruseofvaccine.B．Thelackofmedicalcare.C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D．Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.66．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.DHollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪惡)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics〔控制論〕,putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干預(yù)),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.〞Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff〞asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.〞However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子誘導(dǎo))nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanamathematician68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayforadecade.第二節(jié)〔共5小題；每題2分，共10分〕根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep,theydiewithinamonth.71Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.72Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加強(qiáng))connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.73Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight`s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.75“Youkeepwhatmatters,〞Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It’sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That’swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,〞saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi’steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrai