2021西安市高考英語短文改錯、閱讀理解【四月】選練及答案-1

閱讀理解LisaPinaneverthoughtshewouldneedthefiresafetytrainingshereceivedduringherapprenticeship(學(xué)徒期)asaunionpainteranddrywaller.OnFridaymorning，shewasthankingGodshehadit.OnThursdaynight，whilePinawasbabysittinghergranddaughter，nephewandtwoniecesinhersister’sapartment，shesmelledsmokeandrealizedtheapartmentbuildingwasonfire.Whenher4-year-oldgranddaughterIleanGarciabegansaying，“We’regoingtodie，”sheknewshehadtoact.Pina,39，firstsealedthedoor，andthentoldallfourchildrentogetonthefloor.Aftercalling911，shetoldthechildrentostartsingingandpromisedthemalltreatsassoonastheyreachedsafety.“Isaid，‘OK，we’regoingtoliedownandwe’reallgoingtoplayagame，’”Pinasaid.“WeallstartedsingingourABCsand123s.Iwasjusttryingtomakeitfun.”Pinapatientlywaited，andafewminuteslater，RiversideCountysheriff’sdeputies(治安官的助手)arrived.Pina，Ilean,8-year-oldGabrielParga,5-year-oldAubreyanaPargaand4-year-oldMeriyahPargawerealltrappedonthesecondfloorasflamesfilledthefirststory.Pinadidtheonlythingshecould.Sheopenedthewindowanddroppedthechildren，one-by-one，intothearmsofthesheriff’sdeputiesabout15to20feetbelow.“Ijustneededtokeepthekidscalmsotheywouldn’tbeafraid，”Pinasaid.“Iwasdeathlyafraidinside，butIcouldn’tletthemknowthat.”Notlongafterdroppingthechildrenoutofthewindow，firefightersarrivedwithaladderandrescuedher.Tenpeopleweretreatedatthesceneforsufferingsmoke，butnobodywasseriouslyinjured.1.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.abigfirewithoutseriousinjuryB.anurgentcall911C.abravebabysitterD.ababysitterrescuingkidsfromabigfire2.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1refersto________.A.aunionpainterB.adrywallerC.thefiresafetytrainingD.theapprenticeship3.BeforeLisaPinacalled911，inordertopreventthefire，she________.A.letchildrengetonthefloorB.openedthewindowsofthesecondfloorC.closedthedoorhardD.hadchildrenstartsinging4.Accordingtothetext，weknowthat________.A.LisaPinawasthelastonetoberescuedB.thefiredidn’tcauseanyinjuryC.thechildrenweresenttohospitalafterthefireD.duringthefireLisaPinawasn’tafraidatall1.Carryingtheirheavyload，thetwobrotherswalkedalongtheriverbank，hardlynoticingthedistanceorthesunbeatingdown.(完形填空其次段第一句)帶著他們沉重的行囊，兄弟二人沿著河岸行走，幾乎沒有留意到遠行的距離和太陽的曝曬。(1)Thesunbeatdownonthedesertsand.太陽曝曬著沙漠。(2)Thethieveshadbeatenthedoordown.小偷破門而入。(3)Thewheathadbeenbeatendownbytherain.麥子被雨打倒了。(4)Hewanted￡800forthecarbutIbeathimdownto￡600.那部車他索價八百英鎊，但我把他的價錢講到六百英鎊。2....thendecidedtofindtheirwaybacktotherivertocatchsomefish.(完形填空其次段末句)……然后，(他們)打算設(shè)法回到河里，捉幾條魚。(1)Theyfoundtheirwayoutofthecrowdedmarket.他們設(shè)法從擁擠的市場里擠出來。(2)Thehunterfoundhiswayintothedeepforestinsearchoftheinjureddeer.獵人設(shè)法進入森林深處查找那只受傷的鹿。(3)Hethoughthardandfoundawaytosolvetheproblematlast.他努力思考，最終最終想出一個解決這個問題的方法。3.Aftercalling911，shetoldthechildrentostartsingingandpromisedthemalltreatsassoonastheyreachedsafety.(閱讀理解其次段末句)撥打完911求救電話，他們一到達平安地方，她就告知孩子們開頭唱歌，并承諾他們?nèi)繗g快的事情。(1)Itwasarealtreattovisitthem!訪問他們真是一件樂事！(2)Nowrememberthisistobemytreat，soI’llpayforeverything.別忘了這次該我請客，所以一切由我付款?！緟⒖即鸢浮?.D2.C3.C4.A閱讀理解。(2022·紹興統(tǒng)考)WhenpeoplefirstwalkedacrosstheBeringLandBridgethousandsofyearsago,dogswerebytheirsides,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScience.RobertWayneoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andJenniferLeonardoftheSmithsonianInstitute,usedDNAmaterial—someofitunearthedbyminersinAlaska—toconcludethattoday’sdomesticdogoriginatedinAsiaandaccompaniedthefirsthumanstotheNewWorldabout10,000to15,000yearsago.Waynesuggeststhatman’sbestfriendmayhaveenabledthetoughjourneyfromAsiaintoNorthAmerica.“Dogsmayhavebeenthereasonpeoplemadeitacrossthelandbridge,”saidWayne.“Theycanpullthings,carrythings,defendyoufromfierceanimals,andthey’reusefultoeat.”Researchershaveagreedthattoday’sdogistheresultofthedomestication(馴化)ofwolvesthousandsofyearsago.Beforethisrecentstudy,acommonthoughtaboutthepreciseoriginofNorthAmerica’sdomesticdogwasthatNativesdomesticatedlocalwolves,thedescendants(后代)ofwhichnowlivewithpeopleinAlaska,Canada,andtheLower48.DogremainsfromaFairbanks-areagoldminehelpedthescientistsreachtheirconclusion.Leonard,anevolutionarybiologist,collectedDNAfrom11bonesofancientdogsthatwerelockedinpermafrost(永凍層)untilFairbanksminersuncoveredtheminthe1920s.TheminersdonatedthepreservedbonestotheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYorkCity,wheretheyremaineduntouchedformorethan70years.Afterborrowingthebonesfromthemuseum,LeonardandhercolleaguesusedradiocarbontechniquestofindtheageoftheAlaskadogs.Theyfoundthedogsalllivedbetweentheyearsof1450and1675A.D.,beforeVitusBeringandAlekseyChirikovwhowerethefirstknownEuropeanstoviewAlaskain1741.“ThebonesofdogsthatwanderedtheFairbanksareacenturiesagoshouldthereforebetheremainsofpurenativeAmericandogs,”Leonardsaid.TheDNAoftheFairbanksdogswouldalsoexposewhethertheywerethedescendantsofwolvesfromNorthAmerica.AlongwiththeFairbankssamples,theresearcherscollectedDNAfrombonesof37dogspecimens(標本)fromMexico,Peru,andBoliviathatexistedbeforethearrivalofColumbus.InthecaseofboththeAlaskadogsandthedogsfromLatinAmerica,theresearchersfoundthattheysharedthemostgeneticmaterialwithgraywolvesofEuropeandAsia.ThissupportstheideaofdomesticdogsenteringtheNewWorldwiththefirsthumanexplorerswhowanderedeastoverthelandbridge.LeonardandWayne’sstudysuggeststhatdogsjoinedthefirsthumansthatmadetheadventureacrosstheBeringLandBridgetoslowlypopulatetheAmericas.Waynethinksthedogsthatmadethetripmusthaveprovidedsomeexcellentservicetotheirhumancompanionsortheywouldnothavebeenbroughtalong.“Dogsmusthavebeenusefulbecausetheywereexpensivetokeep,”Waynesaid.“Theydidn’tfeedonmice;theyfedonmeat,whichwasaveryguardedresource.”【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。說明白在幾千年前狗伴隨人們一起跨過白令大陸橋進入北美大陸,并且在此繁殖起來。而通過檢測發(fā)掘出的狗骨頭的DNA也證明白這一點。1.Theunderlinedword“remains”isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.leftoverfood B.animalwasteC.deadbodies D.livingenvironment【解析】選C。詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第四段其次句話“Leonard,anevolutionarybiologist,collectedDNAfrom11bonesofancientdogsthatwerelockedinpermafrost”說明是在永凍層發(fā)覺的狗的骨頭,所以remains應(yīng)當(dāng)是尸體。故C正確。2.AccordingtothestudydescribedinParagraph4,wecanlearnthat.A.ancientdogsenteredNorthAmericabetween1450and1675A.D.B.the11bonesofancientdogsarenotfromnativeAmericandogsC.thebonesdiscoveredbythegoldminerswerefromNorthAmericanwolvesD.thebonesstudiedwerenotfromdogsbroughtintoNorthAmericabyEuropeans【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“Theyfoundthedogsalllivedbetweentheyearsof1450and1675A.D.,beforeVitusBeringandAlekseyChirikovwhowerethefirstknownEuropeanstoviewAlaskain1741...”可推斷出被爭辯的骨頭不是歐洲人帶到北美的狗的骨頭。所以D正確。3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.NativeAmericansdomesticatedlocalwolvesintodogs.B.Scientistsdiscoveredsomeancientdogremainsinthe1920s.C.LatinAmerica’sdogsaredifferentfromNorthAmerica’singenes.D.AncientdogsenteredNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringLandBridge.【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“WhenpeoplefirstwalkedacrosstheBeringLandBridgethousandsofyearsago,dogswerebytheirsides,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScience.”可知D正確。4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheoriginoftheNorthAmericandogs.B.TheDNAstudyofancientdogsinAmerica.C.ThereasonswhyearlypeopleenteredAmerica.D.ThedifferencebetweenAsianandAmericandogs.【解析】選A。推理推斷題。文章第一段提到狗和人們一同跨過theBeringLandBridge,其次、三、四、五段爭辯狗的DNA“toconcludethattoday’sdomesticdogoriginatedinAsia”,“Researchershaveagreedthattoday’sdogistheresultofthedomesticationofwolvesthousandsofyearsago”,所以文章中心是談?wù)摫泵赖墓返钠鹪础?.短文改錯文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一個橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處，多者（從十一處起）不計分。IwatchTVuntil12o’clock,soIcouldn’tgoovermylessons.ThismorningIgotupverylatethatIhadtogotoschoolwithoutbreakfastinhurry,butIwasstilllateforthefirstclass.WhenIenteredtheclassroom,themathsteacherhadtostopexplainanimportantproblem,andalltheeyeswerefixeduponme.Myfaceturnedred.SomethingevenworsewashappenedtomeinEnglishclass.Theteacheraskedmerecitethetext.However,Icouldsaynothingandsorry,forIdidnotspendsometimepreparingmylessons.Theteacherlookedatmewithhiscoldlyeyes.Istoodatmybenchwithoutdaringtoraisemyhead.HowaterribledayIhad!Iwillneverdoanythinglikethis.【參考答案】4.IwatchTVuntil12o’clock,soIcouldn’tgoovermylessons.ThismorningIgotupverylatewatchedsothatIhadtogotoschoolwithoutbreakfastin∧hurry,butIwasstilllateforthefirstclass.WhenaIenteredtheclassroom,themathsteacherhadtostopexplainanimportantproblem,andalltheexplainingeyeswerefixeduponme.Myfaceturnedred.Somethingevenworsewashappenedtomein去掉Englishclass.Theteacheraskedme∧recitethetext.However,Icouldsaynothingandsorry,fortobutIdidnotspendsometimepreparingmylessons.Theteacherlookedatmewithhiscoldlyeyes.Ianycoldstoodatmybenchwithoutdaringtoraisemyhead.HowaterribledayIhad!IwillneverdoWhatanythinglikethis.5.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（^），并在此符號下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Asweknow,whenseniorstudentsfinishtheirschool,mostoftheirreferencebooksarethrownaway,whicharestillingoodconditions．Whatagreatwasteitis!Isuggestedthatweshouldrecycleallthisbooks．Ontheonehand,recyclingthemcansavealotofnaturalresources,whichareusedtomaketextbooks．Ontheotherhand,thenotesonthebooksarehelpfultowhoeverneedthem．Infact,recyclingtextbookshasbeenincreasingpopularinsuchcountriesasAmericaandAustralia．Weshouldlearnfromthem,butmakeeveryefforttobuildenergy-savingsociety．Inmyopinion,itisofmanybenefitbothtoourpresentandtoourfuture．【參考答案】5.Asweknow,whenseniorstudentsfinishtheirschool,mostoftheirreferencebooksarethrownaway,whicharestillingoodconditions.Whatagreatwasteitis!conditionIsuggestedthatweshouldrecycleallthisbooks.Ontheonehand,recyclingthemsuggestthesecansavealotofnaturalresources,whichareusedtomaketextbooks.Ontheotherhand,thenotes