2022高考英語長沙市閱讀理解(含信息匹配)(9)及答案

閱讀表達【2021·江西省贛州市高三下學期4月模擬考試】[1]ClevelandwasanindustrialboomtownintheyearsafterWorldWarⅠ.Thecitygrewveryfast，thankstothesteelindustry，theautomobileindustryandotherbigbusinesses.Andalongwithagrowingpopulation，therewasalsoagrowingnumberofcars.[2]GarrettMorganwasthefirstAfrican-AmericanmaninClevelandtoownone.Oneday，MorganwasatabusyClevelandintersectionwhenhewitnessedaparticularlybadcollision.Asheanalyzedwhathadhappened，herealizedwhattheproblemwas.[3]Backinthosedays，trafficsignalswerejust“stop”or“go”．Andalotoftimes，thesignwouldswitchwhileacarwasinthemiddleoftheintersection—withnotimetogetout.ThatgaveMorgananidea.Hecreatedatrafficsignalthathadathirdfunction—the“warning”signthathadbeenmissingupuntilthatpoint.AndonNovember20th,1923，theUSPatentOfficeofficiallyrecognizedhisnewinvention.[4]Originally，thetrafficsignalthatMorganinventedhadtobeoperatedmanuallyinsteadofauto-switch.Eventually，hesoldtherightstohistrafficsignaltoGeneralElectricCompany，whichledtothecreationofthemoderntrafficlight.[5]MorganwasborninKentuckyin1877.Asateenager，hemovedtoOhiotofindwork.Atfirst，findingworkwasdifficultbecausealotofbusinesseswouldnothireablackman.ButMorganwasdeterminedandhebecameasuccessfulbusinessmanhimself—andanewspaperpublisheraswell.Healsoinventedanumberofotherproductsinadditiontothetrafficsignal—includingagasmaskthatbecamethemodelfortheprotectivemaskswornbysoldiersduringWorldWarⅠ.[6]Intermsofthekeytohissuccess，______________helpedopennewroadstosuccess，forthegenerationsthathavefollowedhim.“Ifamanputssomethingtoblockyourway，thefirsttime，yougoaroundit，”heoncesaid.“Thesecondtime，yougooverit.Andthethirdtime，yougothroughit.”1．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage？(nomorethan8words)________________________________________________________________________2．FillintheblankinParagraph6withproperwords.(nomorethan2words)Intermsofthekeytohissuccess，____________________________________________helpedopennewroadstosuccess，forthegenerationsthathavefollowedhim.3．WhydidthetrafficaccidenthappenthatdayaccordingtoGarrettMorgan？(nomorethan10words)________________________________________________________________________4．PointoutthedisadvantageofthetrafficsignalinventedbyGarrettMorgan.(nomorethan7words)________________________________________________________________________5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”(Line2，Paragraph2)probablyreferto？(nomorethan2words)________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】閱讀表達1．GarrettMorganinventedthemoderntrafficsignal.2．hisdetermination3．Thetrafficsignaldidn’thavea“warning”signal.4．Ithadtobeoperatedbyhand/manually.5．Acar.閱讀表達【2022·江西省南昌市高三其次次模擬測試卷】[1]Agreatnumberofpeoplespendalotoftimeearningmoneybecausetheybelievethemoneyitselfwillmakethemhappy，orwillguardthemagainstthingsthatwillmakethemunhappy.Theymakegreateffortstoachievetheperfectrelationship，theperfecthouse，thebeautifulbody，theapprovalofothers，allinanattempttobehappy.[2]Sometimesthesethingsmakepeoplehappy；othertimes，peoplestressovernothavingreachedthegoals，orreachthemandfindthey’restillunhappy.Othertimes，peoplefocusonjustonegoalanddon’thavetimeforotherthingsthatwillmakethemtrulyhappy.[3]Someexpertsstudyinghumanhappinessandthefactorsthatcontributetoithaveidentifiedseveralkeyareasoflifethatseemtobemorerelatedtopersonalhappiness.Someofthemarethethingslikemoney，friends，healthandlivingconditions；othersarethingsyoumaynotthinkofinyourdailylife，suchasyourneighborhoodandsenseofmeaninginlife.[4]Sowhilesettingyourgoals，rememberalloftheareasoflifethatareimportanttoyouandfindabalancedlifestyleincludingsocialsupport，personaldevelopment，physicalhealthandmeaningfulpursuitsbesidescareersuccessandfinancialsecurity.______________，yourattitudeaboutlifeandthethingsthathappentoyoueachdaycanalsohaveagreateffectonyourlevelofhappinessandlifesatisfaction.Inadditiontobeingoptimistic，happypeopletendtobelievetheyarethemastersoftheirfate，ratherthanthevictimsofcircumstance.[5]Explorethestateofyourlife，assesshowtrulyhappyyouare，andfindadirectiontoworktowardwhatwilllikelybringmorehappiness.Reachyourgoals，setnewonesandlivealifethattrulymakesyouhappy.1．What’sthemainideaofthepassage？(nomorethan5words)________________________________________________________________________2．Whatwillhappentothosewhofocusonjustonegoalanddon’thavetimeforotherthings？(nomorethan6words)________________________________________________________________________3．FillintheblankinParagraph4withproperwords.(nomorethan5words)________________________________________________________________________4．Listthreeotherfactorsthatcanmakepeoplehappyexceptmoney.(nomorethan13words)①________________________________________________________________________②________________________________________________________________________③________________________________________________________________________5．Whatdoestheword“it”(Line2，Paragraph3)probablyreferto？(2words)【參考答案】閱讀表達1．Howtobehappy？/Howtostayhappy?2．Theywilllose/misstruehappiness.3．Moreover/What’smore/Inaddition4．①friends，healthandlivingconditions；②yourneighborhood；③senseofmeaninginlife.5．humanhappiness閱讀理解。IamaGermanbybirthanddescent.MynameisSchmidt.ButbyeducationIamquiteasmuchanEnglishmanasa'Deutscher',andbyaffectionmuchmoretheformer.Mylifehasbeenspentprettyequallybetweenthetwocountries,andIflattermyselfIspeakbothlanguageswithoutanyforeignaccent.IcountEnglandmyheadquartersnow:itis“home”tome.ButafewyearsagoIwasresidentinGermany,onlygoingovertoLondonnowandthenonbusiness.IwillnotmentionthetownwhereIlived.Itisunnecessarytodoso,andinthepeculiarexperienceIamabouttorelateIthinkrealnamesofpeopleandplacesarejustaswell,orbetteravoided.Iwasconnectedwithalargeandimportantfirmofengineers.Ihadbeenbreduptotheprofession,andwascreditedwithacertainamountof“talent”;andIwasconsidered—and,withallmodesty,IthinkIdeservedtheopinion—steadyandreliable,sothatIhadalreadyattainedafairpositioninthehouse,andwaslookeduponasa“risingman”.ButIwasstillyoung,andnotquitesowiseasIthoughtmyself.Icamecloseoncetomakingagreatmessofacertainaffair.ItisthisstorywhichIamgoingtotell.Ourhousewentinlargelyforpatents—rathertoolargely,somethought.Buttheheadpartner'ssonwasabitofageniusinhisway,andhisfatherwasgrowingold,andletHerrWilhelm-Moritzwewillcallthefamilyname—doprettymuchashechose.AndonthewholeHerrWilhelmdidwell.Hewascautious,andhehadthebenefitofthestillgreatercautionandlargerexperienceofHerrGerhardt,thesecondpartnerinthefirm.Patentsandthelawswhichregulatethemarestrangethingstohavetodowith.Noonewhohasnothadpersonalexperienceofthecomplicationsthatarisecouldbelievehowfarthesespreadandhowinvolvedtheybecome.Greatacutenessaswellascautioniscalledforifyouwouldguideyourpatentbarksafelytoport—andperhapsmorethananything,apowerofholdingyourtongue.Iwasnochatterbox,nor,whenonamissionofimportance,didIgoaboutlookingasifIwereburstingwithsecrets,whichis,inmyopinion,almostasdangerousasrevealingthem.Noone,tomeetmeonthejourneyswhichitoftenfelltomylottoundertake,wouldhaveguessedthatIhadanythingonmymindbutaneasy-goingyoungfellow'snaturalinterestinhissurroundings,thoughmanyatimeIhavestayedawakethroughawholenightofrailwaytravelifatalldoubtfulaboutmyfellow-passengers,ornotdaredtogotosleepinahotelwithoutaready-loadedgunbymypillow.Fornowandthen-thoughnotthroughme-oursecretsdidoozeout.Andif,ashashappened,theyweresecretsconnectedwithGovernmentordersorcontracts,therewas,orbutfortheexertionofthegreatestenergyandtactonthepartofmysuperiors,therewouldhavebeen,toputitplainly,thedeviltopay.12.Thewriterpreferredtobecalled________.A.aGerman B.anEnglishmanC.bothaGermanandanEnglishman D.neitheraGermannoranEnglishman13.Whichofthefollowingwordscannotbeusedtodescribethewriter?A.Talented B.Modest C.Reliable D.Wise14.Theheadofthecompanywherethewriterworksis________.A.Schmidt B.Moritz C.Wilhelm’sfather D.Gerhardt15.Thewriteroftenstayedawakeonthetrainorkeptaready-loadedguninthehotel,because________.A.somepeoplesometimesletoutthesecretsofhiscompanyB.thewriteroccasionallydidn’tkeepthesecretsofhiscompanyC.patentsandthelawsarestrangethingstohavetodowithD.thesecretswereconnectedwithGovernmentordersorcontracts【參考答案】(D)BDCA閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。Formorethanninedays，formorethan60miles，thousandsofBeijing-boundvehicleshavecometoanalmosttotalstoponhighwayscalledthe6and110thatrunfromInnerMongoliasoutheasttothenation'scapital.BaiXiaolong，a30-year-oldtruckdriver，saysittookhimfivedaystomakethe350-milejourneyfromInnerMongoliatoTianjin.Hespentmuchofthattimereading，text-messagingandsleepingratherthanspeedingup.“TherewasonedaythatIdidn'tmove，notevenaninch，”saidBai，aninhabitantofJininginInnerMongolia，acityatthewesternendofthetrafficjam.Chineseofficialssaidthatthecongestionismainlybecauseofthemaintenance(維護)projectsthatbeganinmid-Augustandarescheduledtobecompletedinmid-September.Truckscarrying8tonsormoreofcoalorfruithavebeenresponsiblefordamagingtheroadway，thusmakingtheworknecessary.Driverswhooftenusetherouteknowthatheavytraffichaslongbeenafactoflife.“Theproblemisreallythatthere'retoomanycarsandtrucksandnotenoughlanes(車道)，”Baisaid.“Wedriversareusedtothissortofthinghappening.”ThetwonationalfreewaysareheavilyusedbytruckscarryingcoalfromtherecentlyopenedfieldsofInnerMongoliatoChina'scoastalcities.Theseeminglyendlessjambeganonthe6andspreadtothe110，whichrunsparallel(平行的)，whenofficialssoughttoeasethetrafficonthe6.TheGlobalTimes，andEnglish-languagenewspaper，saidthejamhadeasedsomewhatinthelasttwodays，butinhabitantsoftheregionsaythecongestionsimplyspilledoutontootherroads.Thecongestionhascreatedaneconomyofitsown.Vendors(小販)sellboxedlunches，noodlesanddrinkingwatertothetravelers，oftenatjacked-upprices.Andbecauseofthelong-standingproblemsalongthehighways，dozensofsmallhotelshaveappeared，attractingdriverswhoneedastoptocatchmoreserioussleep.1．Accordingtothetext，the110wasmainlydamagedby________.A．toomanycars B．badweatherC．poormaintenance D．heavytrucks答案：D細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段最終一句及第六段可知，導致這條國道毀壞的主要緣由是那些重型卡車，故選D項。2．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．BaiXiaolongwasborninTianjin.B．TheproblemoftrafficjamsinChinawillbesolvedsoon.C．Chineseofficialsthinkitisnecessarytobuildmorelanes.D．Thelocalpeopledon'tthinkthecongestionhaseased.答案：D推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段中的inhabitantsoftheregionsaythecongestionsimplyspilledoutontootherroads可知，當?shù)鼐用裾J為交通堵塞只是轉(zhuǎn)移到了別的道路上，也就是說他們認為當?shù)氐慕煌〒矶虏]有得到緩解。3．Theunderlinedword“jacked-up”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．high B．rightC．special D．low答案：A猜想詞義題。由于堵車所以司機被困在那里，他們需要吃的和喝的，而一些商販發(fā)覺了這個商機，往往哄抬物價，司機們別無選擇，由此可猜想出該詞的意思為“很高的”。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．ThecongestioncreatesaneconomyofitsownB．TrafficjamnearBeijingstretchesonfordaysC．ThetraffichasimprovedinBeijingD．TruckdriversinChinaliveahardlife答案：B標題歸納題。本文報道了一次嚴峻的交通堵塞。60多英里的道路變成了停車場，足足堵了九天多的時間，B作為標題最合適。閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ManyAmericansareturningtoJapan,theythink,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inonesurvey,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答問卷者)listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinthefirstgradeandbeyond,Japanesepreschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchasdetermination,concentration,andtheabilitytoworkasamemberofagroup.ThehugemajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversity(多樣性)inJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-rated(一流的)schoolsanduniversities.Severalmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizing(智能化)insomeJapanesekindergartens.1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve______.A.JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparentsB.Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultofitsscientificachievementsC.JapanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstructionD.Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs2.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison______.A.preparingchildrenacademicallyB.developingchildren’sartisticinterestsC.developingchildren’spotentialD.shapingchildren’scharacter3.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?A.Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.B.Theycanmakemoregroupexperiencegrowthere.C.Theycanbeself-centeredwhentheygrowup.D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingatop-ratededucation.4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto______.A.broadenchildren’sknowledgeB.trainchildren’screativityC.lightenchildren’sstudyloadD.enrichchildren’sexperience【參考答案】1—4、CDDC閱讀理解。Likefinefood,goodwritingissomethingweapproachwithpleasureandenjoyfromthefirsttastetothelast.Andgoodwriters,likegoodcooks,donotsuddenlyappearfull–blown.Quitetheopposite,justasthecookhastoundergoaparticulartraining,masteringtheskillsofhistrade,thewritermustsitathisdeskanddevotelonghourstoachievingastyleinhiswriting,whateveritspurpose---schoolwork,mattersofbusiness,orpurelysocialcommunication.Youmaybesurethatthemorepainstakingtheeffort,themoreeffectivethewriting,andthemorerewarding.Therearestillsomefarawayplacesintheworldwhereyoumightfindapublicscribe（文書）todoyourbusinessorsocialwritingforyou,for