2023屆廣東省梅州市大埔縣高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題（解析版）

年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語沖刺卷(二)本試卷共120分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFeaturesEditorWearelookingforatalentedfeatureseditortojoinourteam.Weareespeciallykeentohearfromthosewithaspecialismintechnologyandconsumerhealth.ThisroleisbasedinLondon,butcouldpotentiallybeworkedremotelyfromtheUS.MainResponsibilities:●Developideasforcommissionandeditatleast23timelyandcompellingfeatureseachyear●Buildcontactswithwritersandscientiststomakesurewe’recommissioningthebest,mostattractiveandup-to-datebiological-medicalscienceandtechnologystories●Monitortrafficstatisticsandsubscriptionsdata●WorkcloselywiththeartanddesignteamtomakeourfeaturesattractiveandworkwiththedigitalteamtocomeupwiththebestwaytosellourstoriesondigitalplatformsPersonSpecification:●Significanteditingexperienceatapopularsciencepublicationorsimilar●Excellentwritingandeditingskills●Excellentknowledgeofthecuttingedge,andademonstrableexperienceofsciencejournalism●Greatrelationshipswithscientistsandwriters●Adegreeinascienceortechnology,ideally,andapassionateinterestinbothscienceandtechnology●AgoodabilitytoworktogetherwithothersPackageDescription:Inreturnforemployees’energyandideas,weensureourpeoplearewellrewarded.Thelongerarewithus,themorebenefitsyouwillget.Here’swhattoexpect:●29days’holiday●Uponjoining,you’llbenaturallyenrolledontothePension(養(yǎng)老金)Plan●OurEmployeeAssistanceProgram●Discounteddiningcards●Flexibleworkingpolicy●FreegymmembershipatNorthcliffeHouseGym1.Whatshouldthefeatureseditordo?A.Managethedesignteam. B.Offermarketingstrategies.C.Updatesubscriptionsdata. D.Interviewexpertsregularly.2.Whatisoneoftherequirementsfortheposition?A.Strongleadership. B.Adegreeinediting.C.Greateditingability. D.Goodtimemanagementskills.3.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofgettingtheposition?A.Freemeals. B.Flexibleholidays.C.Asecureretirement. D.Bettermedicalservices.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則編輯招聘啟事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MainResponsibilities:部分最后一點“Workcloselywiththeartanddesignteamtomakeourfeaturesattractiveandworkwiththedigitalteamtocomeupwiththebestwaytosellourstoriesondigitalplatforms(與美術(shù)和設(shè)計團隊密切合作，讓我們的功能更具吸引力，并與數(shù)字團隊合作，想出在數(shù)字平臺上銷售故事的最佳方式)”可知，該崗位應(yīng)聘者提供優(yōu)秀的營銷策略。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PersonSpecification:部分第二點“Excellentwritingandeditingskills(優(yōu)秀的寫作和編輯能力)”可知，該崗位應(yīng)聘者需要具備很優(yōu)秀的編輯能力。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PackageDescription部分第二點“Uponjoining,you’llbenaturallyenrolledontothePension(養(yǎng)老金)Plan(加入后，你將自然而然地加入養(yǎng)老金計劃)”可知，員工入職后就能參加養(yǎng)老金計劃。由此可知，員工退休后的生活有保障。故選C。BIcouldnothavebeenbetterpreparedforthetalk,myfirstconferencepresentationasaPhDstudent.Ihadlearnedmyspeechbyheart,andIhadpracticedtheanswerstopotentialaudiencequestions.Thedaybeforethetalk,aloneinmyroom,Ifeltconfident.Butassoonasthemoderatorinvitedmeonstage,IfeltlikeIwaswalkingtheplank.IwasoverwhelmedbyafearIhadexperiencedtoomanytimesbefore—thefearofgettingstuckbecauseofmystutter(口吃).Lookingforastrategytodealwithmystutter,IrealizedIcouldspeaksmoothlywhenIrecitedtextIhadlearnedbyheart.Butthiswasn’tarealisticapproachfortheentiretyofmyuniversitytraining.Ineededanothertool.Itriedspeechtherapy(治療),buttheexercisesIlearnedtheredidn’tmakemuchofadifference.Tostopmystutterfromaffectingmynewcareer,Iwouldneedamoredrasticintervention.Aftermuchhesitation,Idecidedtofinallytrypsychoanalysis(心理療法)toconfrontmydeepfeelingsofshamerelatedtomystutter.Withthehelpofmytherapist,Islowlyrealizedtherealproblemwasnotthestutteritself;itwasmyfearofstuttering.Idecidedtogetridofthatfear.IttookmeaboutayeartospitoutduringoneoftheweeklysessionsthatIlovemyselfasIam.Stutterornot,Iwasgoingtopursuemydesiredcareerinscience.MyfirstchancetotestmynewfoundconfidencebyspeakinginpublicarrivedatadepartmentalmeetingattheinstitutewhereIwasaresearchassistant.Ipresentedmydatato25or30people—andreceivedcomplimentsformyspeechfortheveryfirsttime.Ireturnedhomeexcited,relieved,and,mostofall,proud.Now,Inolongershunpublicspeaking;instead,Iactivelyseekopportunitiestobeonthestage.Itisrewardingandinspiring,andIfeelexcitedtohaveagoodstorytoshare.AndifIhappentostutteralongtheway,sobeit.4.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor?A.Hehadapoormemory.B.Hewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Hewasashamedtotryanytherapy.D.Hefocusedmuchonwhetherhecouldspeaksmoothly.5.Whatreallyhelpedtheauthorsolvehisproblem?A.Speechtherapy. B.Mentaltreatment.C.Makingnewfriends. D.Talkingmorewithothers.6.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisspeechatthedepartmentalmeeting?AInstructive. B.Successful.C.Awkward. D.Ridiculous.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sstorytellus?A.Ifyouthinkyoucan,youcan.B.Theshortestanswerisdoing.C.Allthingscometothosewhowait.D.You’reunique,andnothingcanreplaceyou.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，作者因為口吃缺乏自信，這導(dǎo)致他害怕在公眾場合說話，即便他做了充分的準備。作者嘗試過多種方式克服口吃，但效果都不好。作者最后經(jīng)過心理治療，明白了真正的問題是自己對口吃的恐懼。從此作者坦然面對口吃，從而能在公眾場合自信地表達了?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段末句“IwasoverwhelmedbyafearIhadexperiencedtoomanytimesbefore—thefearofgettingstuckbecauseofmystutter(口吃).(我被一種我以前經(jīng)歷過很多次的恐懼淹沒了——害怕因為口吃而陷入困境)”及第二段首句“Lookingforastrategytodealwithmystutter,IrealizedIcouldspeaksmoothlywhenIrecitedtextIhadlearnedbyheart.(在尋找解決口吃的策略時，我意識到當(dāng)我背誦熟記的課文時，我可以流利地說話)”和末句“Tostopmystutterfromaffectingmynewcareer,Iwouldneedamoredrasticintervention.(為了不讓我的口吃影響到我的新事業(yè)，我需要更激烈的干預(yù))”可知，作者總是很擔(dān)心會因為口吃而沒法表達并想方設(shè)法地克服口吃問題。由此可知，作者很在意自己是否能順暢地表達。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Aftermuchhesitation,Idecidedtofinallytrypsychoanalysis(心理療法)toconfrontmydeepfeelingsofshamerelatedtomystutter.Withthehelpofmytherapist,Islowlyrealizedtherealproblemwasnotthestutteritself;itwasmyfearofstuttering.Idecidedtogetridofthatfear.IttookmeaboutayeartospitoutduringoneoftheweeklysessionsthatIlovemyselfasIam.(猶豫了很久之后，我最終決定嘗試心理療法，來面對我因口吃而產(chǎn)生的深深的羞恥感。在治療師的幫助下，我慢慢意識到真正的問題不在于口吃本身；是我對口吃的恐懼。我決定擺脫這種恐懼。我花了大約一年的時間，在一次每周一次的治療中說出了我愛我自己)”可知，為了克服口吃問題，作者猶豫再三后，嘗試了心理療法，并最終找到了問題所在及解決方法。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“Ipresentedmydatato25or30people—andreceivedcomplimentsformyspeechfortheveryfirsttime.Ireturnedhomeexcited,relieved,and,mostofall,proud.(我向25到30個人展示了我的數(shù)據(jù)——我的演講第一次得到了別人的稱贊?；氐郊?，我興奮、寬慰，最重要的是感到自豪)”可知，這次會議后，作者第一次因為演說而受到贊揚。他很興奮，并松了一口氣，最重要的是，他感到自豪。由此推知，作者認為他的這次表現(xiàn)很成功。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者因口吃而缺乏自信，害怕在公眾場合說話。經(jīng)過心理治療后，作者意識到真正的問題不是口吃本身，而是自己對口吃的恐懼。意識到這一問題后，作者坦然面對口吃，從而能在公開場合自信地說話了。由此推知，作者的故事告訴我們：要相信自己，你認為自己行，你就行。故選A。CCerebralpalsy(腦癱)isthemostcommonmotordisabilityinchildren.Thecondition,whichaffectsabout1in345children,canmakedailyactivitieslikewalking,eating,orevenliftingacupdifficult.AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside(UCR)hopestoreducethedailystruggleswithroboticclothingthatwillallowkidswithcerebralpalsytobettercontroltheirarmmovements.Wearableroboticunitstohelppeoplewithmobilityissueshavebeenaroundformanyyears.However,theyarerigidanduncomfortabletowear.TheUCRteamplanstouselight-weightmaterialstocreatearoboticsleevethatischeap,durable,and,mostimportantly,comfortabletowearonadailybasis.“Hardmaterialsdon’tinteractwellwithhumans,”saidJonathanRealmuto,UCRassistantprofessorofmechanicalengineeringandprojectlead.“Whatwe’regoingforbyusingmaterialslikenylonandelasticareessentiallyroboticclothing.”Thescientistsenvisiontheroboticsleevestohavesealedareasthatcanbeinflated.Whenfilledwithair,theywouldbecometemporarilyrigidandprovidetheforceneededformovement.Theclothingwillbefittedwithsensorstodetectsmallmusclecontractionsandanticipatewhatthewearerwantstodo.Theinflatedbladders(氣囊)willthenhelpmovethearmtocompletetheintendedaction.“Ifwecanhelpkidsbrushtheirownteeth,pourwateroropendoors,actionsthatotherstakeforgranted,it’sahugewinforthem,”Realmutosaid.“Andit’salsoahugewinfortheirfamiliesandcaretakers.”TheUCRengineersarenottheonlyonesworkingonsoftroboticclothingtohelpthosewithmotordisabilities.SanFrancisco-basedstartupCIONICisonasimilarmission.Thecompany’sfirstproduct,theCIONICNeuralSleeve,isdesignedtoimprovemobilityforpeoplewithconditionslikecerebralpalsy,multiplesclerosis,andstroke.JeremiahRobison,thefounderofCIONIC,wasinspiredtodeveloptheproductafterseeinghisdaughterstrugglewithcerebralpalsy.8.Whatisthedisadvantageofpreviousroboticclothing?A.Theyareuncomfortabletowear.B.Theyarenoteasytocarryaround.C.Theyaren’tenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Theyaren’taffordableformostfamilies.9.Whatimprovementisbeingmadetotheexistingroboticclothing?A.Easyoperation. B.Adjustabledesign.C.Softmaterial. D.Simplestructure.10.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Whybladdersareneededinthenewunit.B.Howtheimprovedroboticclothingworks.C.Whatmaterialisusedintheroboticsleeves.D.Whatdifficultycerebralpalsypatientshave.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.TheUCRisteamingupwiththeCIONIC.B.Softroboticclothingisanemergingindustry.C.TheCIONICNeuralSleeveisquitepopular.D.Robisonmaderoboticclothingforhisfamilyfirst.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了腦癱是兒童中常見的運動障礙性疾病，它會使走路、進食、舉杯子等日?；顒幼兊美щy。加州大學(xué)的研究人員正在研究一種軟質(zhì)機器人服裝，使腦癱兒童能夠更好地控制他們的手臂運動?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Wearableroboticunitstohelppeoplewithmobilityissueshavebeenaroundformanyyears.However,theyarerigidanduncomfortabletowear.”（用于幫助行動不便的人們的可穿戴機器人裝置已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)很多年了。然而，它們很硬，穿起來不舒服。）可知，以前的機器人服裝它們穿起來不舒服。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句““Whatwe’regoingforbyusingmaterialslikenylonandelasticareessentiallyroboticclothing.””（“我們使用尼龍和松緊帶等材料的目的，本質(zhì)上是為了制造機器人服裝?！保┛芍琔CR研究團隊正在使用尼龍和彈性材料來改進機器人服裝的柔軟度和舒適度。故選C項?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thescientistsenvisiontheroboticsleevestohavesealedareasthatcanbeinflated.Whenfilledwithair,theywouldbecometemporarilyrigidandprovidetheforceneededformovement.Theclothingwillbefittedwithsensorstodetectsmallmusclecontractionsandanticipatewhatthewearerwantstodo.Theinflatedbladders(氣囊)willthenhelpmovethearmtocompletetheintendedaction.”（科學(xué)家們設(shè)想，機器人袖子上有可以充氣的密封區(qū)域。當(dāng)充滿空氣時，它們會暫時變得堅硬，并提供運動所需的力量。這種衣服將配備傳感器來檢測肌肉的微小收縮，并預(yù)測穿著者想要做什么。充氣的膀胱將幫助移動手臂來完成預(yù)定的動作。）可知，這段主要講了改進的機器人服裝是如何工作的。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“JeremiahRobison,thefounderofCIONIC,wasinspiredtodeveloptheproductafterseeinghisdaughterstrugglewithcerebralpalsy.”（CIONIC的創(chuàng)始人耶利米·羅賓遜（Jeremiahrobinson）在看到自己的女兒與腦癱作斗爭后，受到啟發(fā)，開發(fā)了這款產(chǎn)品。）可知，從最后一段我們能推斷出羅賓遜首先為他的家人制作了機器人服裝。故選D項。DScientistsbelievetheyhavefoundanewuseforfacialrecognitiontechnology:savinglargeoceananimalsknownasseals.ResearchersatColgateUniversityinNewYorkhavedevelopedSealNet.ThesystemisadatabaseofsealfacescreatedbytakingpicturesofmanyharborsealsinMaine’sCascoBay.Theresearchteamfoundthetool’saccuracyinidentifyingthemammalswascloseto100percent.Theresearchersareworkingonincreasingthesizeoftheirdatabasetomakeitavailabletootherscientists,saidKristaIngram.SheisabiologyprofessoratColgateandateammember.IncreasingthedatabasetoincluderarespeciessuchastheMediterraneanmonksealandHawaiianmonksealcouldhelptosavethosespecies,Ingramsaid.Creatingalistofsealfacesandusingmachinelearningtoidentifythemcanalsohelpscientistsknowwhereintheoceansealsare.Ingramsaid,“Formarinemammalsthatmovearoundalotandarehardtophoto-graphinthewater,weneedtobeabletoidentifyindividuals.”SealNetisdesignedtoidentifythefaceinapicture.Itrecognizestheseal’sfacebasedoninformationrelatedtotheeyesandnoseshape.AsimilartoolcalledPrimNetthatisforuseonprimates(靈長類),hadbeenusedonsealsearlier,butSealNetperformedbetter,theColgateresearcherssaid.Sealsandotheroceanmammalshavelongbeenstudiedusingsatellitetechnology.Usingartificialintelligencetostudythemisawaytobringconservationintothe21stcentury.“Facialrecognitiontechnologycouldprovidevaluabledata,”saidMichelleBerger,anassociatescientistattheShawInstituteinMaine.“Oncethesystemisperfected,Icanpicturelotsofinterestingenvironmentalusesfromit,”Bergersaid.“Iftheycouldrecognizeseals,andrecognizethemfromyeartoyear,thatwouldgiveuslotsofinformationaboutmovement,howmuchtheymovefromsitetosite.”12.WhatisSealNet?A.Atoolthattakespicturesofseals.B.Asystemthatrecognizesthefaceinapicture.C.Adatabasethatmonitorsthebehaviourofseals.D.Asystemthatanalyzesappearancesofvariousseaanimals.13.WhyisPrimNetmentioned?A.Toshowtheneedtosaveseals.B.ToexplaintheoriginofSealNet.C.ToemphasizethesuperiorityofSealNet.D.Toshowthedevelopmentoffacialrecognition.14.WhatdoesBergerthinkofSealNet?A.Itneedstocollectmoredataontheocean.B.Itcanbeappliedtomorefields.C.Ithelpsfindbetterlivingsitesforseals.D.Itbringsnewopportunitiestostudyotherspecies.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SealscanrecognizethemselvesinphotosB.FacialrecognitionisaneasytaskforanimalsC.ScientistsusefacialrecognitiontoprotectsealsD.Facialrecognitionmayhelpfindnewanimals【答案】12B13.C14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述研究人員開發(fā)了SealNet系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)建立了海豹面部數(shù)據(jù)庫，這有助于人們拯救海豹。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ThesystemisadatabaseofsealfacescreatedbytakingpicturesofmanyharborsealsinMaine’sCascoBay.(該系統(tǒng)是一個海豹面部數(shù)據(jù)庫，通過在緬因州卡斯科灣拍攝許多海豹的照片而創(chuàng)建)”和第四段第一句“SealNetisdesignedtoidentifythefaceinapicture.(SealNet的設(shè)計目的是識別照片中的人臉)”可知，SealNet是一個收集了海豹的照片數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)，它可以識別每頭海豹的面部。故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“AsimilartoolcalledPrimNetthatisforuseonprimates(靈長類),hadbeenusedonsealsearlier,butSealNetperformedbetter,theColgateresearcherssaid.(Colgate的研究人員說，還有一個類似的用于靈長類動物的工具叫做PrimNet，它早在海豹身上就被使用過，但SealNet的效果更好)”可知，作者提到PrimNet是為了說明新研發(fā)的SealNet的優(yōu)越性。故選C?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Berger說的話“Facialrecognitiontechnologycouldprovidevaluabledata(面部識別技術(shù)可以提供有價值的數(shù)據(jù))”和“Oncethesystemisperfected,Icanpicturelotsofinterestingenvironmentalusesfromit(一旦系統(tǒng)完善，我可以想象出許多有趣的環(huán)境用途)”可知，Berger認為面部識別技術(shù)可以提供有價值的數(shù)據(jù)，一旦該系統(tǒng)得到完善，可以想象出它在環(huán)境方面的許多有趣的用途。由此推知，Berger認為該技術(shù)可以用于更多領(lǐng)域。故選B。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundanewuseforfacialrecognitiontechnology:savinglargeoceananimalsknownasseals.(科學(xué)家們相信他們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了面部識別技術(shù)的新用途：拯救被稱為海豹的大型海洋動物)”可知，本文主要介紹了研究人員開發(fā)了SealNet面部識別系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)建立了海豹面部數(shù)據(jù)庫，這有助于人們更好地了解海豹從而拯救它們。C項“科學(xué)家使用面部識別來保護海豹”為最佳標題。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。I’veneverconsideredmyselfabraveperson.WhenIwasyounger,ifitwasdarkandIhadtogooutsidealonetofetchsomethingfromtheyard,Iwouldrunbackinsidelikethehoundsofhellwereonmyheels.Thenbeforeentering,Iwouldactlikenothinghadhappened.___16___Foryousee,Iprettymuchlivedinfear.Iwasafraidofpublicspeaking,afraidtosleepaloneortoevenbealoneinaroombymyself.AndIwouldjudgemyselfforbeingafraid.WhatIdidn’trealizeatthetimeisthateventhoughIwasafraid,Iwouldneverletanyoneknowit.___17___I’dfetchtheballfromtheyard,eventhoughIwasafraidofthedark.Yousee,Iwasmoreafraidofbeingviewedasacowardthanofthefearitself.Andso,IendedupdoingthosescarythingswithoutrealizingthatIwas,infact,beingcourageousforactingdespitethefear.Andnow,Irealizethatbyconsistentlychoosingtofacethefearandactinganyway,___18___Forexample,whenIusedtotalkinpublic,mylegswouldliterallyshiver.___19___ButwhenIgotuptospeak,Iwoulddomybesttohidemyfear.Overtime,Ibecameknownasapublicspeakerinmylife.Andso,thishabitofdoingwhatscaredmedespitethefearwasoneofthebesthabitsIcouldhavepossiblyformed,unconsciousasitwas.Foryousee,courageisnottheabsenceoffear.Itisnoteventheabilitytoovercomefear.Itgoesdeeperthanthat.___20___A.Andthat’sjustthestartofit.B.Myheartbeatwouldaccelerate.C.Iwoulddothethingsthatscaredme.D.Tobecourageous,oneneedstobeafraid.E.Socourageandfeararesimilartosomeextent.F.Ibecamelessandlessafraidofdoingthosethingsovertime.G.Iwouldtalktopeopleaboutmyfearandseektheirhelp.【答案】16.A17.C18.F19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在成長的過程中，作者雖然害怕去做一些事情，但仍會隱藏自己的恐懼去做，后來意識到去做讓自己害怕的事情的習(xí)慣可能是作者養(yǎng)成的最好的習(xí)慣之一?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thenbeforeentering,Iwouldactlikenothinghadhappened.(然后在進去之前，我會裝作什么都沒發(fā)生過)”及下文“Foryousee,Iprettymuchlivedinfear.(因為你知道，我?guī)缀跎钤诳謶种?”可知，第一段講述了作者兒時害怕黑暗的事情，空后繼續(xù)講述其他的恐懼。由此可知，選項A項“Andthat’sjustthestartofit.(而這僅僅是開始)”能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選A項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“WhatIdidn’trealizeatthetimeisthateventhoughIwasafraid,Iwouldneverletanyoneknowit.(我當(dāng)時沒有意識到的是，盡管我很害怕，但我永遠不會讓任何人知道)”及下文“I’dfetchtheballfromtheyard,eventhoughIwasafraidofthedark.(盡管我怕黑，我還是要去院子里把球撿回來)”可知，空前說作者不會讓別人知道自己害怕，空后舉例說自己雖然害怕黑暗，仍然會到院子里撿球。由此可知，選項C項“Iwoulddothethingsthatscaredme.(我會做那些讓我害怕的事)”能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Andnow,Irealizethatbyconsistentlychoosingtofacethefearandactinganyway,(現(xiàn)在，我意識到，通過不斷地選擇面對恐懼和采取行動)”可知，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)是說明這種選擇的結(jié)果，且空后舉例說明了作者克服恐懼而成長。由此可知，選項F項“Ibecamelessandlessafraidofdoingthosethingsovertime.(隨著時間的推移，我越來越不害怕做這些事情了)”能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選F項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Forexample,whenIusedtotalkinpublic,mylegswouldliterallyshiver.(例如，當(dāng)我過去在公共場合講話時，我的腿會真的發(fā)抖)”可知，此空講述作者以前害怕時的狀況。由此可知，選項B項“Myheartbeatwouldaccelerate.(我的心跳會加快)”能夠銜接上文，講述了作者以前上臺前會緊張害怕，腿會發(fā)抖，心跳加速。故選B項?！?0題詳解】由該空格處位于該段句尾可知，為總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容。根據(jù)上文“Andso,thishabitofdoingwhatscaredmedespitethefearwasoneofthebesthabitsIcouldhavepossiblyformed,unconsciousasitwas.Foryousee,courageisnottheabsenceoffear.Itisnoteventheabilitytoovercomefear.Itgoesdeeperthanthat.(所以，這種不顧恐懼去做讓我害怕的事情的習(xí)慣是我可能養(yǎng)成的最好的習(xí)慣之一，盡管它是無意識的。因為你知道，勇氣不是沒有恐懼。甚至不是克服恐懼的能力。事情遠不止于此)”可知，此處講的是恐懼和勇氣的關(guān)系。由此可知，選項D項“Tobecourageous,oneneedstobeafraid.(要有勇氣，就得先害怕)”為全文的總結(jié)，說明恐懼和勇氣的關(guān)系，進一步說明兩者的關(guān)系。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。IshouldhavebeenstartingthesecondyearofmyPhD.___21___,Iwasatmyparents’house,recentlydischargedfromthehospital.Ihadbeenreadyforthefailuresofgraduateschool—experimentsfundingproposals,evenclasses.ButIwascaught___22___whenmidwaythroughmyfirstyearIfacedadifferenttypeof___23___.Ifelt___24___orwornout,everymorning.Myappetitedecreased.Thenextfewmonths,Ivisitedthe___25___often.Mydoctorstoldmetofocuscompletelyonmy___26___forthenext6monthsandtorest.Ihadnevertakena(n)___27___before.Ifeareditwouldbeseenasasignof___28___.Mostofall,IfearedIwouldsimplybe___29___bytheadvisersIdesperatelywantedrecognitionfrom.However,Iknewthisleaveofabsencewas____30____,forIwasn’treadyto____31____myschool.WhenI____32____tomyPhDafter6months,Ihadtorelearnmyprojectandhowtobeagraduatestudent.Istillneededtomeetdoctorsandchangedmedicationscountlesstimes.MyPhDjourneywillbea____33____one,withmoretimeawayfromthesis(論文)workthanmost.I’m____34____though.Overthepastyear,I____35____withotherswhoalsotooktimeawayduringgraduateschool.Hearingtheirstories,IlearnedthataleaveofabsenceisperfectlyOK,nomatterwhatthereason.21.A.Plus B.Therefore C.Besides D.Instead22.A.firmly B.randomly C.occasionally D.unexpectedly23.A.challenge B.glory C.adventure D.potential24.A.exhausted B.lonely C.excited D.confused25.A.school B.hospital C.gym D.company26.A.academy B.performance C.health D.value27.A.trip B.break C.examination D.alarm28.A.guilt B.selfishness C.boredom D.weakness29.A.forgotten B.tended C.recommended D.replaced30.A.essential B.normal C.permanent D.casual31.A.speedup B.giveup C.takeup D.breakup32.A.referred B.returned C.reported D.adjusted33.A.thrilling B.nervous C.slow D.significant34.A.embarrassed B.upset C.hopeful D.honest35.A.played B.competed C.celebrated D.connected【答案】21.D22.D23.A24.A25.B26.C27.B28.D29.A30.A31.B32.B33.C34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是作者在讀博第一年，身體出現(xiàn)了問題，不得不暫時休息半年。雖恐懼，但最終能平和地接受事實，也慢慢地了解到請假并不是什么問題?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，我在父母家，最近剛出院。A.Plus而且，加上；B.Therefore因此；C.Besides另外；D.Instead相反。根據(jù)空前的“IshouldhavebeenstartingthesecondyearofmyPhD.（我應(yīng)該從博士二年級開始。）”和“Iwasatmyparents’house,recentlydischargedfromthehospital.（我在父母家，剛出院。）”可知，作者本應(yīng)該開始讀博的第二年。然而，作者卻待在父母家，因為剛剛出院。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，在第一年的中途，我遇到了另一種挑戰(zhàn)，這讓我很意外。A.firmly強而有力地；B.randomly隨機地；C.occasionally偶然，偶爾；D.unexpectedly未料到地。根據(jù)空前的“Ihadbeenreadyforthefailuresofgraduateschool—experiments,fundingproposals,evenclasses.ButIwascaught”可知，作者已經(jīng)做好了心理準備會在實驗、資助提案，甚至課程方面失敗。然而卻是生病影響了作者的學(xué)業(yè)。由此可知，作者面臨了意想不到的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，在第一年的中途，我遇到了另一種挑戰(zhàn)，這讓我很意外。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.glory光榮；C.adventure冒險；D.potential潛力，可能性。根據(jù)空前的“whenmidwaythroughmyfirstyearIfacedadifferenttypeof”可知，作者已經(jīng)做好了心理準備會在實驗、資助提案，甚至課程方面失敗。然而卻是生病影響了作者的學(xué)業(yè)。由此可知，作者面臨了意想不到的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每天早上，我都感到疲憊不堪。A.exhausted精疲力盡的；B.lonely孤單的；C.excited感到興奮的；D.confused困惑的。根據(jù)下文“orwornout”可知，每天早上，作者都感到疲勞。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來的幾個月，我經(jīng)常去醫(yī)院。A.school學(xué)校；B.hospital醫(yī)院；C.gym體育館；D.company公司。根據(jù)下文“Mydoctors”可知，在接下來的幾個月里，作者經(jīng)常去醫(yī)院。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的醫(yī)生告訴我在接下來的6個月里要完全關(guān)注我的健康，并且要休息。A.academy?？圃盒＃籅.performance表演；C.health健康；D.value價值。根據(jù)空前后的“Mydoctorstoldmetofocuscompletelyonmy___6___forthenext6monthsandtorest.”可知，醫(yī)生告訴作者在接下來的六個月里需要完全專注健康、休息。故選C。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我以前從來沒有休息過。A.trip旅行；B.break課間，休息；C.examination檢查；D.alarm警報。根據(jù)下文“Ifeareditwouldbeseenasasignof___8___.”推知，作者以前從來沒有休過假。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我擔(dān)心這會被視為軟弱的表現(xiàn)。A.guilt內(nèi)疚；B.selfishness自私自利；C.boredom厭煩；D.weakness虛弱，軟弱。根據(jù)上文的“forthenext6monthsandtorest.”可知，作者擔(dān)心休假會被視為軟弱的表現(xiàn)。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，我擔(dān)心自己會被那些我迫切希望得到認可的顧問們遺忘。A.forgotten忘記；B.tended傾向于；C.recommended推薦；D.replaced替代。根據(jù)空前后“Mostofall,IfearedIwouldsimplybe___9___bytheadvisersIdesperatelywantedrecognitionfrom.”可知，最重要的是，作者擔(dān)心自己會被那些他迫切希望得到他們認可的導(dǎo)師們遺忘。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我知道這次休假是必要的，因為我還沒有準備好放棄我的學(xué)校。A.essential必不可少的；B.normal正常的；C.permanent永久的；D.casual隨便的，休閑的。根據(jù)空前后的“However,Iknewthisleaveofabsencewas___10___,forIwasn’treadyto___11___myschool.”可知，盡管如此，作者知道這次休假是必要的，因為作者不想放棄學(xué)業(yè)。故選A。【31題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：然而，我知道這次休假是必要的，因為我還沒有準備好放棄我的學(xué)校。A.speedup加速；B.giveup放棄；C.takeup拿起，開始從事；D.breakup打碎，結(jié)束。根據(jù)下文“Ihadtorelearnmyprojectandhowtobeagraduatestudent.”推知，作者不想放棄學(xué)業(yè)。故選B。【32題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我6個月后回到我的博士學(xué)位時，我不得不重新學(xué)習(xí)我的項目，以及如何成為一名研究生。A.referred參考；B.returned歸還，返回；C.reported報道；D.adjusted調(diào)整。根據(jù)空后“tomyPhDafter6months,Ihadtorelearnmyprojectandhowtobeagraduatestudent.”可知，六個月之后，作者重返學(xué)校攻讀博士學(xué)位。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的博士之旅將是一個緩慢的過程，比大多數(shù)人都有更多的時間不用寫論文。A.thrilling令人激動的；B.nervous緊張不安的；C.slow慢的；D.significant顯著的，有意義的。根據(jù)空后“withmoretimeawayfromthesis(論文)workthanmost.”可知，作者因為生病而花在論文上的時間少了，由此可推知作者的博士之旅將是一個緩慢的過程。故選C。34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不過我還是抱有希望的。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.upset煩惱的；C.hopeful充滿希望的；D.honest誠實的。根據(jù)空前的“withmoretimeawayfromthesis(論文)workthanmost.”和空后的“though.”可知，不過作者還是滿懷希望。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在過去的一年里，我結(jié)識了一些同樣在讀研期間抽出時間的人。A.played玩；B.competed競爭，比賽；C.celebrated慶祝；D.connected連接。根據(jù)空后的“withotherswhoalsotooktimeawayduringgraduateschool.”可知，這一年來，作者和一些在學(xué)習(xí)期間也因各種原因而休假了一段時間的同學(xué)取得了聯(lián)系。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheFanjingshanWorldHeritagepropertyislocatedinSouth-WestChina,___36___(cover)atotalareaof40,275hectares(公頃),fullysurroundedbyabufferzoneof37,239hectares.Fanjingshanislocatedinamonsoonal(季風(fēng)的)climaticcontextand___37___(be)animportantsourceofwaterforthesurroundinglandscapesandbeyond,withsome20riversand___38___(stream)feedingtheWujiangandYuanjiangRiversystems,bothof___39___runintotheYangtzeRiver.The___40___(high)peak,MtFenghuangshan,hasaheightof2,570mabovesealevel.Fanjingshanisanislandofrockinaseaofkarstandishome___41___manyancientplantandanimalspecieswhich___42___(originate)intheTertiaryPeriod,between65millionand2millionyearsago.___43___totalof3,724plantspecieshavebeenrecordedintheproperty,an___44___(impress)13%ofChina’stotalflora(植物群).FanjingshanistheonlyhabitatintheworldforFanjingshanFirandGuizhouSnub-nosedMonkey,aswellas64plantand38animalspeciesthatarelistedasglobally____45____(threaten).【答案】36.covering37.is38.streams39.which40.highest41.to42.originated43.A44.impressive45.threatened【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了梵凈山世界遺產(chǎn)。【36題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：梵凈山世界遺產(chǎn)位于中國西南部，總面積40275公頃，被37239公頃的緩沖區(qū)完全包圍。分析句子可知，此處為非謂語動詞作狀語，因cover和邏輯主語TheFanjingshanWorldHeritageproperty為主動關(guān)系，所以為現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填covering。【37題詳解】考查動詞。句意：梵凈山位于季風(fēng)氣候環(huán)境中，是周邊景觀和外部景觀的重要水源，大約有20條河流和溪流為吳江和沅江水系提供水源，這兩個水系都流入長江。由and連接的謂語動詞is可知，此處應(yīng)為be動詞的三單形式。故填is?！?8題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：梵凈山位于季風(fēng)氣候環(huán)境中，是周邊景觀和外部景觀的重要水源，大約有20條河流和溪流為吳江和沅江水系提供水源，這兩個水系都流入長江。由空前some以及and連接的rivers為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式可知，此處也應(yīng)為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填streams?！?9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：梵凈山位于季風(fēng)氣候環(huán)境中，是周邊景觀和外部景觀的重要水源，大約有20條河流和溪流為吳江和沅江水系提供水源，這兩個水系都流入長江。分析句子可知，此處為bothof后接關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞theWujiangandYuanjiangRiversystems在從句中作主語成分。故填which?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：最高峰鳳凰山海拔2570米。根據(jù)句意以及空前定冠詞The可知，此處為形容詞最高級形式。故填highest?！?1題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：梵凈山是喀斯特海洋中的一個巖石島，是許多古代動植物物種的家園，這些物種起源于6500萬至200萬年前的第三紀。分析句子可知，此處為固定短語behometo“為……的所在地”，滿足句意要求。故填to?！?2題詳解】考查動詞。句意：梵凈山是喀斯特海洋中的一個巖石島，是許多古代動植物物種的家園，這些物種起源于6500萬至200萬年前的第三紀。分析句子可知，此處為which引導(dǎo)定語從句中謂語動詞的填入，結(jié)合從句intheTertiaryPeriod時間狀語可知，此處動詞應(yīng)為過去時。故填originated。【43題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：共有3724種植物被記錄在案，占中國植物總數(shù)的13%。分析句子可知，此處為固定短語Atotalof“總數(shù)為，總共”，滿足句意要求。故填A(yù)。【44題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：共有3724種植物被記錄在案，占中國植物總數(shù)的13%。由空后13%ofChina’stotalflora為名詞短語可知，此處為形容詞形式修飾該名詞短語。故填impressive。【45題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：梵凈山是世界上唯一的梵凈山冷杉和貴州金絲猴的棲息地，還有64種植物和38種動物被列為全球瀕危