押廣東卷第56-60題 閱讀理解B篇說明文（解析版）-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語臨考題號(hào)押題廣東卷2

押廣東卷第56-60題閱讀理解B篇說明文說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式來解說事物或闡明事理的文章體裁。說明文一般采用平實(shí)的語言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題，如動(dòng)物的特征、介紹新生事物、自然或社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因等等。說明事物可采用多種方式：舉例法、對(duì)比法、給事物下定義法、使用數(shù)據(jù)、圖片法等等。無論采用什么說明方法，作者都是為了說明事物的本質(zhì)特征，清晰地展現(xiàn)所說明的事物。說明文條理十分清晰；時(shí)態(tài)上多為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

題型包括：1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題；2.

生詞詞義判斷題；3.

標(biāo)題判斷題；4.

主旨大意題；5.

文章結(jié)構(gòu)題；6.

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。閱讀說明文的關(guān)鍵：1.

明確說明對(duì)象。閱讀事物說明文，首先從整體入手，把握文章的說明對(duì)象是什么；閱讀事理說明文，首先弄清文章說明了什么事理?？梢酝ㄟ^把握段落主題句來明確說明對(duì)象。2.

逐段概括要點(diǎn)，理清說明順序。概括要點(diǎn)要重視首尾句的作用，重視概念句或解說性語句的作用。閱讀時(shí)可以把這些語句勾畫出來。3.

整體感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之間是并列、遞進(jìn)還是總分關(guān)系；是由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)，還是由個(gè)別到一般，或是從結(jié)果到原因。最后總結(jié)出文章的中心思想。

說明文解題技巧1.

閱讀做標(biāo)記。在閱讀的時(shí)候可給段落標(biāo)上序號(hào)，并給重要的句子和關(guān)鍵詞匯做上記號(hào)，尤其是各段中心句，為答題提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.

審清題干。發(fā)掘和把握試題中有效的提示性信息，確認(rèn)命題的角度、閱讀范圍和答題方式。3.

定位閱讀,強(qiáng)化對(duì)應(yīng)意識(shí)。絕大部分的說明文閱讀題都有一個(gè)共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和間接從選段中找到依據(jù)?；卮饐栴}時(shí)要注意原文利用和自我加工相結(jié)合。（2021·廣東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Accordingtoaresearchmorethan130billionpoundsofuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供應(yīng)).Itisasadfactespeciallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday,shecameupwithanidea.Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghalltogiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇護(hù)所)inhercommunity.Inthepastthreeyears,thesameprojecthasspreadtootherschoolsandsomefastfoodrestaurantsthroughoutthecity.TheprojectiscalledFeed&find,andhasalreadyfedthousandsofpeopleinhercity.Howdoesitwork?Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.Whendininghallsorrestaurantshaveuneatenfoodleft,theycanusetheapptosharetheinformationaboutthefood.Atruckdriverworkingfortheprojectisthensenttopickitupandtakeittoashelter.Prettycool,right?It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaurahopingthatshecouldhavedevelopedsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.Somepeople,however,haveconcernsaboutthesafetyoftheuneatenfood.Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.1．Thenumbersinparagraph1tellus________.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisseriousC．thepopulationislarge D．theresearchisinteresting2．Laura’sprojectfirstgotfoodfrom________.A．herschooldininghall B．herfamilyC．a(chǎn)fastfoodrestaurant D．homelessshelter3．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato________.A．findatruckdriver B．visittheircommunitiesC．giveawayfoodtothem D．helpdevelopprojectslikehers4．Theunderlinedwords“concerns”inthispassagemeans________.A．ways B．secrets C．worries D．decisions5．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ADiningGuideApp B．AFoodSharingProjectC．ADrivingServiceApp D．AFoodSafetyProject【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．C5．B【分析】食物浪費(fèi)是當(dāng)今社會(huì)一個(gè)很大的問題，Laura開發(fā)了一個(gè)應(yīng)用可以幫助解決這個(gè)問題。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Accordingtoaresearchmorethan130billionpoundsofonuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供應(yīng)).”可知每年有1300億磅的食物的食物被浪費(fèi)，這些數(shù)字向我們展示了食物浪費(fèi)的嚴(yán)重。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.”可知Laura的項(xiàng)目最是從學(xué)校食堂開始。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaurahopingthatshecouldhavedevelopsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.”可知其他城市的人也希望Laura幫他們開發(fā)這樣的軟件。故選D。4．詞義推斷題。根據(jù)“Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.”可知一些人認(rèn)為食物沒那么干凈，所以擔(dān)心食物的安全。故選C。5．最佳標(biāo)題。根據(jù)“Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.”可知本文介紹的這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，可以幫助減少食物浪費(fèi)，做到食物分享，B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)食物分享項(xiàng)目”符合。故選B。（2021·廣東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）WelcometoManorFarmU-pickActivities.Weareknownforourdeliciousstrawberries.Weinviteyoutovisitthefarmandenjoyourfreshproductsandgreatfarmingexperiences.We’lltryourbesttocreateasafeopen-airenvironmentforourcustomersunderthecircumstances(情況)ofCOVID-19thisyear.Pleasereadtheinstructionsbelow.Topickthestrawberries,youneedtomakeareservation(預(yù)約)onourwebsite.Reservationsareopenfrom13:00to20:00thedaybeforethepickingday.Pleasedon’tcometothefarmifyouaresick.Onthefarm,youneedtostayatleasttwometersawayfromanyoneyoudon’tlivewith.Forsafety,youmustuseournewbasketsonly.Abasketalonecosts5yuan.Itholdsabout2kgofstrawberriesandabasketofstrawberriesispricedat50yuanintotal.Ifchildrencome,theyMUSTstayclosetotheirparents.RunningupanddownthestrawberryrowswillNOTbeallowed.Ourworkerswilltellthemwheretostartpickingandthechildrenshouldlisten.Wehopechildrenwillfollowoursafetyrulesinourfields.Nopetsareallowedonthefarm.Anyquestions,pleasecallusat906-256-523.6．IfyougotothefarmonAugust8th,youcanmakeareservationat________.A．10:00onAugust6th B．10:00onAugust7thC．14:00onAugust6th D．14:00onAugust7th7．Thefarmprovidesnewbaskets________.A．tocutdownthecost B．toprotecttheenvironmentC．tokeepcustomerssafe D．tocarrymorestrawberries8．Onthefarm,childrenareaskedto________.A．plantsomestrawberries B．runalongtherowsC．stayclosetotheirparents D．lookaftertheirpets9．Formoreinformation,youcan________.A．writeanemail B．makeaphonecallC．sendavoicemessage D．watchnewsonTV10．Theinstructionsaremostprobablyfrom________.A．a(chǎn)farmowner B．a(chǎn)teacher C．a(chǎn)newsreporter D．a(chǎn)customer【答案】6．D7．C8．C9．B10．A【分析】Manor農(nóng)場(chǎng)在舉行采摘活動(dòng)，那里有美味的草莓，歡迎人們來采摘。在今年新冠肺炎疫情形勢(shì)下，為了給客戶營造安全的戶外環(huán)境，該農(nóng)場(chǎng)特做了一些說明。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Reservationsareopenfrom13:00to20:00thedaybeforethepickingday.”可知，預(yù)訂時(shí)間為采摘日前一天13:00至20:00。結(jié)合題意，D選項(xiàng)“8月7日14:00”符合文意，故選D。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Forsafety,youmustuseournewbasketsonly.”可知，農(nóng)場(chǎng)提供新籃子是為了保證客人的安全。故選C。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Ifchildrencome,theyMUSTstayclosetotheirparents.”可知，如果孩子來的話，他們必須要跟緊他們的父母。故選C。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Anyquestions,pleasecallusat906-256-523.”可知，有任何問題可以打電話進(jìn)行咨詢。故選B。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章開頭“Weareknownforourdeliciousstrawberries.Weinviteyoutovisitthefarmandenjoyourfreshproductsandgreatfarmingexperiences.”“我們以美味的草莓而出名，我們邀請(qǐng)你……”可以看出，寫這個(gè)說明的是農(nóng)場(chǎng)的主人。故選A。（2020·廣東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）OncethereweremanythousandsofGourmaDesert(沙漠)elephantsinMali,acountryinWestAfrica.Now,therearefewerthanfourhundred.Whydidthenumberoftheelephantsdropsoquickly?Ontheonehand,theelephants’mainlake,theironlywatersource(來源),driedup.Ontheotherhand,thelandwhichtheelephantslivedonwasoverusedbyhumans.Toprotecttheelephants’livingenvironment,theMaliElephantProject(MEP)wasstartedin2007.MEPmetwithlocalpeopleandhelpedthemmakerulesofusinglandandwater.Asaresult,thesituationbecamebetterandtherewasmorefood,forestandgrassland.However,from2012to2016,poaching(偷獵)andillegaltradeintheelephantsincreasedrapidly.Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone,andanotherfifty-oneelephantwerekilledin2016.“Ifthissituationgoeson,alltheGourmaelephantswillbekilledby2020,”saidamemberofMEP.Luckily,thevoiceofMEPwasheard.Moreorganizations(組織)havejoinedtogethertoeducatethelocalpeoplethattradingelephantsisagainstthelaw.Elephantpoachinghasdroppedtoaverylowlevel.Thelocalpeoplehavelearnedtolivepeacefullywiththeelephants,oneofthewildlifetreasuresintheworld.11．MEPwasstartedto________.A．raisemoreelephantsinMali B．stopthemainlakefromdryingupC．discoverwatersourceforelephants D．protecttheelephants’livingenvironment12．Whatdoestheword“illegal”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．公平的 B．虧損的 C．非法的 D．合理的13．Eighty-threeelephantswerelost________.A．in2012 B．in2015 C．in2016 D．in202014．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．thenumberoforganizationshasdropped B．thereismuchlesselephantpoachingnowC．thelocalpeoplekeeptheelephantsathome D．thewholeworldlivepeacefullywithelephants15．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．therulesofusinglandandwater B．theeducationofthelocalpeopleC．theworkofMaliElephantProject D．thesituationofGourmaDesertelephants【答案】11．D12．C13．B14．B15．D【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了馬里大象項(xiàng)目(MEP)保護(hù)大象的舉措和努力。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Toprotecttheelephants’livingenvironment,theMaliElephantProject(MEP)wasstartedin2007”可知是為了保護(hù)大象的居住環(huán)境，成立了馬里大象項(xiàng)目，故選D。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone,andanotherfifty-oneelephantwerekilledin2016”可知illegal表達(dá)的是貶義，既然是偷獵，那就是違法的，此處指的是“非法的，違法的”。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone”可知2015年失去83頭大象，故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Luckily,thevoiceofMEPwasheard.Moreorganizations(組織)havejoinedtogethertoeducatethelocalpeoplethattradingelephantsisagainstthelaw.Elephantpoachinghasdroppedtoaverylowlevel.Thelocalpeoplehavelearnedtolivepeacefullywiththeelephants,oneofthewildlifetreasuresintheworld”可知A選項(xiàng)“hasdropped”表述錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)表述正確，大象偷獵減少了很多；C選項(xiàng)“keeptheelephantsathome”表述錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“thewholeworld”表述錯(cuò)誤。故選B。15．主旨大意題。文章主要講述了馬里大象Gourmaelephants的現(xiàn)狀以及保護(hù)措施等等，主旨大意可概括為thesituationofGourmaDesertelephants。故選D。（2023·廣東汕頭·統(tǒng)考一模）Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan’ttalk,butcantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimalsbehavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Abirdcalledtheploversometimespretends(假裝)tobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenanenemygetsclosetoitsnest,theploverpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Theenemyfollowsthe“hurt”adult,leavingthebabybirdssafe.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buries(埋)itsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysalsostealfood.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenothersarewatchingthem.Sotheygetbacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Chimpanzeescanalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpanzeewillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpanzeeputsoutitshand,too,thechimpanzeesarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimpanzeetakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.Whenchimpanzeesfindfood,it’snaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpanzeescomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpanzeeslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpanzeesdon’thearthem,andtheydon’tneedtosharethefood.16．Howdoestheploversaveitsyoung?A．Catchtheenemy. B．Showtheirhonesty.C．Pretendtobehurt. D．Feedthemfood.17．Whatwillthescrubjaydowhenitknowsothersarewatchingthem?A．Burythefoodtwice. B．Stoppingstealingthefood.C．Burythefoodasusual. D．Runawayimmediately.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sneaky”mean?A．Honest. B．Brave. C．Weak. D．Lying.19．Whydomanyanimalsbehavedishonestly?A．Becausetheywanttohavefun. B．Becausetheyneedtodothatforlivingon.C．Becausetheywanttosharefood. D．Becausetheyarebeatendown.20．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Doanimalslie? B．Honestyordishonesty?C．Howdoanimalsprotectlives? D．DoesMotherNatureagree?【答案】16．C17．A18．D19．B20．A【導(dǎo)語】本文通過列舉鳥類和大猩猩的例子告訴我們動(dòng)物為了生存有時(shí)候會(huì)撒謊。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Abirdcalledtheploversometimespretends(假裝)tobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung”可知一種叫千鳥的鳥有時(shí)假裝受傷以保護(hù)幼鳥。故選C。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenothersarewatchingthem.Sotheygetbacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse”可知當(dāng)灌叢鴉知道被盯著后，它們會(huì)將食物再埋一次。故選A。18．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Afterafight,thelosingchimpanzee…takethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.”可知在一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗之后失敗的黑猩猩會(huì)伸出手給另一只黑猩猩；當(dāng)獲勝的黑猩猩也伸出手時(shí)，黑猩猩又變得友好起來；但有一次一位動(dòng)物專家看到一只失敗的黑猩猩握著贏家的手，再次開始戰(zhàn)斗，黑猩猩有時(shí)也不誠實(shí)。因此sneaky指的是“不誠實(shí)的”。故選D。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive”可知?jiǎng)游锊徽\實(shí)是為了生存。故選B。20．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述動(dòng)物為了生存也會(huì)撒謊，選項(xiàng)A“動(dòng)物會(huì)撒謊嗎？”最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選A。（2023·廣東汕尾·統(tǒng)考二模）Argumentsbetweenteenagersandparentscanbeaproblemandshouldbetakenseriously.●ThreeexamplesoftheargumentsParent:Mikeisalwaysmakingtroubleinschool.You’dbetterkeepawayfromhim.Ben:Youdon’tknowhimaswellasIdo.StoptryingtotellmewhoIcanmakefriendswith.Parent:Don’tspendsomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Youshoulddosomethingmeaningful.Grace:I’vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ijustwanttorelax.Parent:YougotanFinyourphysicsexamagain.I’mdisappointedwithyou.Jack:Ididstudyhard.Butit’sjusttoodifficultforme.●SomeresultsofasurveyAbout18%ofthekidstalktotheirparentswhentheyhaveproblems.Over50%ofthekidsthinktheirparentsdon’tunderstandthem.Almost50%oftheparentstalktotheirchildrenonlyaboutschool.●SomesuggestionsfromexpertsCommunicatewithyourkidsinafriendlyway.Encouragekidstosharetheirfeelingswithyou.Takepartindifferentactivitiestogetherwithkids.21．What’stheargumentbetweenBenandhisparent?A．BenmakesfriendswithMike.B．Bendoesn’tknowMikeverywell.C．Benalwaysmakestroubleinschool.D．BenkeepsawayfromMikeatschool.22．Grace’sparentthinksplayingcomputergamesis________.A．helpful B．relaxing C．meaningful D．meaningless23．Whydidn’tJackdowellinphysics?A．Becausehedidn’tstudyhard.B．BecauseheoftenplayswithMike.C．Becausehethinksit’stoohardforhim.D．Becauseheplayscomputergamestoomuch.24．Whatcanweknowfromthesurvey?A．Allthekidshaveargumentswiththeirparents.B．Mostparentstalktotheirchildrenonlyaboutschool.C．Noneofthekidsthinktheirparentsunderstandthem.D．Asmallnumberofkidstalktotheirparentswhenhavingproblems.25．Thesuggestionsarefor________.A．students B．parents C．teachers D．experts【答案】21．A22．D23．C24．D25．B【導(dǎo)語】本文指出青少年與父母們多因互相不理解而發(fā)生爭吵，并就這個(gè)問題提供了幾條專家的建議。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Mikeisalwaysmakingtroubleinschool.You’dbetterkeepawayfromhim.”可知，本的家長不希望他和邁克成為朋友。故選A。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Youshoulddosomethingmeaningful.”可推知，格雷斯的家長認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲是沒有意義的。故選D。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butit’sjusttoodifficultforme.”可知，杰克認(rèn)為自己物理學(xué)得不好是因?yàn)閷?duì)于他來說物理太難了。故選C。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“About18%ofthekidstalktotheirparentswhentheyhaveproblems.”可知，少數(shù)孩子在有問題時(shí)會(huì)跟父母說。故選D。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Communicatewithyourkidsinafriendlyway.；Encouragekidstosharetheirfeelingswithyou.；Takepartindifferentactivitiestogetherwithkids.”可推知，本文的建議是寫給父母的。故選B。（2023·廣東珠?！ぶ楹Ｊ芯胖拗袑W(xué)?？家荒＃㏒incehumanssentthefirstsatellite(衛(wèi)星)tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowplantsinspaceifhumanslivethereoneday.ArecentexperimentattheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.Theresearchersaid,“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell.”SincethericeexperimentbeganonJuly29,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高桿水稻品種)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety(矮桿水稻品種)havegrownto5centimeters,ChinaDailyreportedonAugust30,2022.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycle(周期)ofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithagrownplantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotforastronauts.TheycansolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated(突變的)seedsthatcanproducehigheryields(產(chǎn)量)onEarth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.TheyareplantedonEartheveryyear.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter,30%ofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare“spacestrawberries”,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced“spacetomatoes”withyieldsincreasedby30%,and“spacebananas”withagrowthcycleshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.26．Howhighdidthetallshootricevarietygrowforthefirstmonth?A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisone”inParagraph3referto?A．Thedwarfricevariety. B．Thetallshootricevariety.C．Thelastriceexperimentinspace. D．ThericeexperimentonShenzhouXIV.28．Howdoesthisriceexperimentdifferfromotherexperiments?A．Itsseedlingshavesuccessfullycomeup. B．Itgoesthroughacompletelifecycle.C．Itsseedlingsaregrowingverywell. D．Itusescompletelynewricevarieties.29．Whydoweplantseedsinspaceaccordingtothepassage?a.Tofeedastronauts.

b.Toresearchonmutatedseeds.c.ToincreaseyieldsonEarth.

d.Tostudytheenvironmentofspace.A．a(chǎn)b B．bc C．a(chǎn)c D．bd30．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Spaceplantingisbenefitingus. B．Spaceplantinghasdisadvantages.C．Peoplewillneverrunoutoffood. D．Peopleareafraidofspaceseeds.【答案】26．C27．D28．B29．C30．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是中國宇航員在神舟十四號(hào)任務(wù)中成功種植了水稻幼苗，可以創(chuàng)造出突變的種子，從而在地球上產(chǎn)生更高的產(chǎn)量，以此解決地球上的食物問題。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高桿水稻品種)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.”可知高桿水稻品種的幼苗已經(jīng)長到30厘米。故選C。27．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings（幼苗）duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.”可知文章講述的是中國宇航員在神舟十四號(hào)任務(wù)期間成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，再根據(jù)“Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace”可知在太空中還有其他的水稻實(shí)驗(yàn)，因此“thisone”指的是在神舟十四號(hào)上進(jìn)行的水稻實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選D。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycleofaplant”可知雖然在太空中也有其他的水稻實(shí)驗(yàn)，但這是同類實(shí)驗(yàn)中第一個(gè)產(chǎn)生植物完整生命周期的水稻。因此區(qū)別在于經(jīng)歷完整的生命周期。故選B。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotjustforastronauts.TheycanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.”可知這樣的食物種植實(shí)驗(yàn)不僅僅是為了宇航員。它們還可以解決地球上的糧食問題。再根據(jù)“Theseedscanthenproducehigheryields（產(chǎn)量）onEarth.”可知這些種子可以生產(chǎn)比在地球上更高的產(chǎn)量。因此可知在太空種植糧食作物，一可以供養(yǎng)宇航員，二可以提高其在地球上的產(chǎn)量。故選C。30．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“30percentofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare‘spacestrawberries‘,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced‘spacetomatoes’withyieldsincreasedby30percent,and‘spacebananas’withagrowthshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.”可知北京銷售的草莓中有30%是“太空草莓”，和雞蛋一樣大。該中心還生產(chǎn)了產(chǎn)量增加30%的“太空西紅柿”，以及生長期從13個(gè)月縮短到9個(gè)月的“太空香蕉”。因此主要介紹了太空種植的植物對(duì)我們的好處。故選A。（2023·廣東惠州·統(tǒng)考一模）Yourbelovedpetmaybehurtingyoursleep,newresearchfinds.Thoughpetscanbehelpfulforhealth,petownerwaslikelytohavepoorersleep,accordingtoastudy.Theresearcherscorrectedfactorsthatcouldinfluencesleep,includingrace(種族)andincome(收人),aswellasage,gender(性別)andBMI,andfocusedonwhetherapersonhadasleepdisorderandwhetherapersonhadacatoradog.Thefindingsshowedthathavingadogwasconnectedwithagreaterchanceofhavingasleepdisorderandhavingtroublesleeping,whilehavingacatwasconnectedwithhavingahigherchanceoflegjerks(抽搐)inthenight.“Theageofthepethasabiginfluenceonwhetherornottheykeepyouupatnight,”vanEgmondsaid.“Ifyouhavemanypets,theycaneggeachotheron.”Withdogs,itdependsalotonthekindandtheactivitylevelitneeds.Makingsureapetgetsplentyofphysicalactivitiesandmentalstimulation(刺激)duringthedaycanhelpanimals—andtheirowners—getbetterrest.Unlikedogs,catsaremoreactiveatnightanditiseasiertouseuptheirenergy.Ifyouplaywithyourcatbeforeitisreadyforbed,youwouldmakeithardforcatstofallasleep.Ifyoufeedyourcatafterplayingwithit,yourcatwouldfeelthatithassuccessfullyhunteditsfoodandisrewardedwithanicemealinreturn.Thenitgoestosleepquickly.Thenewstudyshowsthatpetscaninfluenceyoursleep,butwehavetoreallythinkaboutthatpetsaremuchmorethanapetinourfamily.31．Whatcanmakeagreatdifferencetoyoursleep?A．Food. B．Pets. C．Work. D．Noise.32．Ifyouhaveadog,youmayhavetroublein________.A．playingwithit B．study C．gettingmoremoney D．sleeping33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“eggeachotheron”mean?A．Encourageeachothertofightorquarrel. B．Haveatalkwitheachother.C．Helpeachother. D．Learnfromeachother.34．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Weshouldseethepetsasourfamily.B．Catsareveryactiveinthedaytime.C．Allthedogscaninfluenceyoursleep.D．Nomatterhowmuchacateats,itisalwaysfullofenergy.35．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A．Travel. B．Animals. C．Culture. D．Health.【答案】31．B32．D33．A34．A35．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了寵物對(duì)人類睡眠的影響。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Yourbelovedpetmaybehurtingyoursleep,newresearchfinds.”及“andfocusedonwhetherapersonhadasleepdisorderandwhetherapersonhadacatoradog.”可知，寵物對(duì)人們的睡眠有影響。故選B。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thefindingsshowedthathavingadogwasconnectedwithagreaterchanceofhavingasleepdisorderandhavingtroublesleeping,”可知，如果你有一只狗，你睡眠可能會(huì)困難。故選D。33．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Ifyouhavemanypets,theycaneggeachotheron.”可知，劃線部分eggeachotheron意為“慫恿、鼓動(dòng)某人”，即鼓勵(lì)彼此打架或爭吵。故選A。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“butwehavetoreallythinkaboutthatpetsaremuchmorethanapetinourfamily.”可知，作者認(rèn)為寵物在我們家庭中的角色不僅僅只是寵物，我們應(yīng)該把寵物看作我們的家人。故選A。35．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了寵物和人類睡眠之間的關(guān)系，人類睡眠屬于健康范疇，故在“健康”版塊可看到此文章。故選D。（2023·廣東惠州·統(tǒng)考一模）Timemanagementhasalotoftipsandtricks(技巧).Andmeasuring(測(cè)量)timebyaclockorawatchcanhelpfixalotofstressinthelongrun.Aclockplaysanimportantroleintimemanagement.Itcangreatlyhelpusachieveourpurposes.Italsohelpsussaynotopeoplewantingtowasteourtime.Wecanuseitinmanypartsofourlife.Aclockcanbecomeourbestfriendinourlifewhenweuseittogetwhatwereallywant.Thefollowingwayscanhelpusgetstarted.Realizethepowerof30seconds.Forexample,ifyourhouseisinamess,thinkaboutthis.Failingtohangupacoatandkeepadeskorroomtidyhappenswhenweleaveoutthequickhousework.Wecanplayagametoseeifwecanbuildacleanandcomfortableenvironmentin30seconds.Ifpossible,exerciseataspecifictime.Wecanrideabike,runslowlyortakeaquickwalkfor15minutestwiceaday.Besides,wecantryarunningorswimmingracewithourfamilywithin15minutes.The15minutesseemsshort.However,itmakesourbodiesstrongerifwekeeponit.Gotobedandgetupontime.Thisgoodhabitkeepsyoufullofenergy.Goingtobedat10:30p.m.andgettingupat6:30a.m.isagreatchoice.Itwillmakeyouactiveandisgoodforyourstudyandwork.Everygoal(目標(biāo))inlifewilllikelybefullyrealizedbypairingitupwiththeclock.Therefore,weshouldlearntomanageourtimeandmakethebestuseofeveryminute.36．Whyclocksareimportantintimemanagement?A．Theycanhelpusachieveourpurposes.B．Theyareusedinmanypartsofourlife.C．Theyarepeople’sbestfriends.D．Theycanhelppeoplenotwasteothers’time.37．ThewaythewritergiveshisadviceinParagraph2is________.A．bytellingastory B．bygivinganexampleC．byaskingaquestion D．bycomparingtwofacts38．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“specific”inParagraph3mean?A．Free. B．Hard. C．Certain. D．Boring.39．Whichofthefollowingisthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A． B． C． D．40．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Touseaclocktomanagetime. B．Togiveexamplesofclocks.C．Toshowtheimportanceoftime. D．Todescribetimemeasurement.【答案】36．A37．B38．C39．C40．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了時(shí)鐘在時(shí)間管理中所起的重要作用，還介紹了如何開始時(shí)間管理的方法和進(jìn)行時(shí)間管理的好處。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Aclockplaysanimportantroleintimemanagement.Itcangreatlyhelpusachieveourpurposes.”可知，時(shí)鐘在時(shí)間管理中起著很重要的作用，因?yàn)樗梢詭椭覀儤O大地幫助我們實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。故選A。37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Realizethepowerof30seconds.Forexample,ifyourhouseisinamess,thinkaboutthis.Failingtohangupacoatandkeepadeskorroomtidyhappenswhenweleaveoutthequickhousework.”可知，作者在第二段中是通過舉例的方式來給出自己的建議。故選B。38．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Wecanrideabike,runslowlyortakeaquickwalkfor15minutestwiceaday.Besides,wecantryarunningorswimmingracewithourfamilywithin15minutes.”可知，我們可以進(jìn)行為時(shí)15分鐘的騎自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)、或慢跑15分鐘、或快走15分鐘，此外，我們還可以嘗試與家人來進(jìn)行為時(shí)15分鐘的跑步比賽或游泳比賽。15分鐘是一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間段，所以第三段第一句的“exerciseataspecifictime.”應(yīng)是表示在特定的時(shí)間內(nèi)鍛煉，劃線單詞specific則意為“特定的”，與certain“特定的，具體的”同義。故選C。39．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段主要講述了時(shí)鐘在時(shí)間管理中起到的重要作用；第二段、第三段和第四段均為介紹如何開始時(shí)間管理的方法；第五段主要是在呼吁大家要學(xué)會(huì)時(shí)間管理，充分利用好每一分鐘。由此可知，本文的文章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是選項(xiàng)C所示。故選C。40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Timemanagementhasalotoftipsandtricks(技巧).Andmeasuring(測(cè)量)timebyaclockorawatchcanhelpfixalotofstressinthelongrun.Aclockplaysanimportantroleintimemanagement.”和最后一段的第一句“Everygoal(目標(biāo))inlifewilllikelybefullyrealizedbypairingitupwiththeclock.”可知，時(shí)間管理有很多技巧和竅門，而時(shí)鐘在時(shí)間管理中起著很重要的作用，且通過與時(shí)鐘的搭配，生活中的每一個(gè)目標(biāo)都有可能完全實(shí)現(xiàn)。由此可推測(cè)，本文的主要目的是想告訴人們要使用時(shí)鐘去管理時(shí)間。故選A。（2023·廣東肇慶·統(tǒng)考一模）Transplantiseasyandoftencostsless.Ifyouarenewtothiskindofgardening,don’tworry.Agardenexpert,LeeReich,cangiveyouhisadvice.Reichsuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasyt