陜西省寶雞市金臺(tái)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末檢測英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1陜西省寶雞市金臺(tái)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末檢測英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whywasthewomanlate?A.Shelostherbike.B.Shewalkedtotheoffice.C.Shegotlost.2.Whatkindofmusicdoesthewomanlikethemost?A.Popmusic.B.Jazzmusic.C.Classicalmusic.3.Whatdoweknowabouttheweather?A.Itisabouttorain.B.Therainwillstopsoon.C.Ithasbeenrainingallday.4.Howmuchmoneywillthemanlendthewoman?A.$15.B.$25.C.$40.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Jackisthebossthere.B.Jackgivesorderslikeaboss.C.Jackdoesagoodjobintheoffice.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Chooseauniversity.B.Visitaschool.C.Studyabroad.7.Whatshouldn’tthemando?A.Writesomeletters.B.Sendsomee-mails.C.Contactsomestudents.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Colleagues(同事).9.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Anartist.B.Astudent.C.Ateacher.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.WhatisJuliedoing?A.Beinginterviewed.B.Attendingaclass.C.Takingpartinaquiz.11.Howmanymusclesdoesacathaveineachear?A.32.B.34.C.58.12.WhatprizedoesJulieget?A.Apackagetour(包價(jià)旅游)worth$30,000.B.$30,000andafreesix-daytrip.C.Afinesetofbooksonhomerepairs.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.HowmanymasterpiecesofChinahasthemanread?A.Onlyone.B.Three.C.Four.14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.History.B.Language.C.Reading.15.Whatdotheythinkisabigproblem?A.Choosingclassicbooks.B.Listingallthebooks.C.Findingrecommended(推薦)books.16.Whatdotheythinkisnecessarytodo?A.LearnWesternculture.B.Predictthelifein1,000years.C.Keepthebestofhistory.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.HowdoesKatefeelaboutherjob?A.Hardbutinteresting.B.Easybuttiring.C.Difficultbuthappy.18.WhatwillKatedonextmonth?A.GotoAfrica.B.Visitanursinghome.C.Goonvacation.19.Whatisthephonenumber?A.242-395-8847.B.242-359-8874.C.242-359-8847.20.WhatdoesKateaskpeopletodo?A.Bekindtotheold.B.Donatesomemoney.C.Careaboutkids.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASinceteaspreadfromChinaworldwide,ithasbecomeoneofthemostpopulardrinksintheworld.Differentcountrieshavetheirownteacultures,likeafternoonteainEngland.ThetraditionofafternoonteaisaveryspecialpartofEnglishculture.ThecustomofdrinkingteabecamepopularinEnglandduringthe1660s.Itwasnotuntilthemid-19thcenturythattheideaof“afternoontea”firstappeared.Afternoonteaisservedinthemid-afternoon,betweenlunchandalatedinner.TheideacamefromAnna,theseventhDuchess(公爵夫人)ofBedford,in1840.Atthetime,manyfamilieswouldeatalatedinneratabout8p.m.,whichwasoneofonlytwomainmealseachday,andtheotherwasamid-morningmeal.Withalongtimebetweenbreakfastanddinner,Annawouldbecomehungryaround4o’clockintheafternoon.Sosheaskedsometea,bread,butterandcakestobebroughttoherroomduringthelateafternoon.Thisbecameahabitofhersandshebeganinvitingfriendstojoinher.Later,Annacontinuedit,sendingcardstoherfriendsaskingthemtojoinherfor“teaandawalkinginthefields”.Otherssoonpickedupontheidea.Bythe1880s,afternoonteabecameaneventformanyladies.Theywouldbedressedbeautifullytobeservedinthesittingroombetweenfourandfiveo’clock,talkingaboutthelatestnews,theirdailylifeandfashion.Today’safternoonteaissimplerthantraditionalafternoontea.Itisjustabiscuitorsmallcakeandacupoftea.However,thereisonethingthathasneverchanged-themeaningofafternoontea.1.Whendidtheideaof“afternoontea”firstappearinEngland?A.Inthe1660s. B.Inthe1880s.C.Inthemid-19thcentury. D.Inthe1840s.2.WhydidAnnaaskforteaandcakesintheafternoonatfirst?A.Becauseshefelthungry. B.Becausesheloveddrinkingtea.C.Becausesheneededtotreatfriends. D.Becauseshewantedtochangethemeaningofafternoontea.3.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthepassage?A.Afternoonteahasspreadallovertheworld.B.Peopleusedtodrinkteamoreoftenthannow.C.Afternoonteagivespeopleachancetocommunicate.D.Womenlikeafternoonteamuchmorethanmen.【答案】1.C2.A3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要講了英國的下午茶文化的起源于發(fā)展，文章指出，在歷史的進(jìn)程中，下午茶的意義從來沒有改變。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“

Itwasnotuntilthemid-19thcenturythattheideaof“afternoontea”firstappeared.(直到19世紀(jì)中期，“下午茶”的概念才首次出現(xiàn)。)”可知，在英國，直到19世紀(jì)中期，“下午茶”的概念才首次出現(xiàn)。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Withalongtimebetweenbreakfastanddinner,Annawouldbecomehungryaround4o’clockintheafternoon.Sosheaskedsometea,bread,butterandcakestobebroughttoherroomduringthelateafternoon.Thisbecameahabitofhersandshebeganinvitingfriendstojoinher.(由于早餐和晚餐之間有很長一段時(shí)間，安娜在下午4點(diǎn)左右會(huì)感到饑餓。所以她要求在下午晚些時(shí)候把茶、面包、黃油和蛋糕送到她的房間。這成了她的一種習(xí)慣，她開始邀請朋友一起去。)”可知，安娜剛開始在下午吃蛋糕和喝茶是因?yàn)樵绮秃屯聿椭g有很長一段時(shí)間，她在下午4點(diǎn)左右會(huì)感到饑餓。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theywouldbedressedbeautifullytobeservedinthesittingroombetweenfourandfiveo’clock,talkingaboutthelatestnews,theirdailylifeandfashion.(她們會(huì)穿著漂亮的衣服，在4點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)之間在客廳里被招待，談?wù)撟钚碌男侣?，她們的日常生活和時(shí)尚。)”可知，下午茶給人們一個(gè)交流的機(jī)會(huì)。故選C。BAucklandisNewZealand’slargesturbanareawithapopulationofjustoveramillion.Itisnot,however,thecapital,althoughitwasatonetime,untilthecapitalmovedtoWellington.Aucklandisthecentreofcommerceandindustry,andisperhapsthemostenergetic,prosperousandmulticulturalcityinNewZealand.Thecity’slandscapeisdecidedbyvolcanos,thetwinharbors,bays,beachesandislands.Itsnickname“thecityofsails”isverysuitable.Aucklandhasmoreboatsforeachpersonthananywhereelseintheworld.Aucklandhasmanyvolcanos,manyofwhichcurrentlyaffordgreatviewsofthecity.AndAuckland’sshinywatersseemtoattractpeoplefromeverypoint.Itisawater-lovers’bestplace,withsomeofthebestbeaches,forswimming,diving,fishing,sailing,windsurfingandwatersportsinthecountry.WellingtonisthecapitalcityofNewZealand.Itisalsothecultural,administrativeandpoliticalcentreofthecountry.Twoaspectsofthecitythatwillimmediatelystrikeanyvisitoraretheharborandhillylandscape.Everywhereyougo,thesoundsandthesmelloftheoceanhangintheair,andgreenhillsandvalleyswrapyouinabearhug.Atnight,Wellingtonoffersaspectacular,shimmeringcityscapethatisunlikealmostanywhereelseintheworld.Evenafterseeingitforahundredtimes,itstilltakesyourbreathaway.Wellingtonisascenic,windyanddiverseplace.Ithassomeofthebestmuseums,artgalleries,restaurantsandcoffeehousesinthecountry.Itisthestorehouseforthenation’shistoric,culturalandartistictreasures.BeingthefirstplacewhereEuropeansettlersarrived,italsoboastslotsofhistoricstreetsandbuildings.Wellingtonplayshosttoanexcellentfestivaloftheartseverytwoyears.4.Fromthepassage,weknowthatAucklandusedto________.A.hostafestivaloftheartsB.affordgreatviewsofthecityC.bethecapitalofNewZealandD.havemoreboatsthananyothercountryintheworld5.AucklandisthebestcityinNewZealandforpeopleto________.A.seegreenhillsB.dowatersportsC.studyNewZealandcultureD.visithistoricstreetsandbuildings6.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecityscapeinWellington?A.Critical. B.Neutral.C.Favourable. D.Indifferent.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AucklandandWellingtonB.WelcometoNewZealandC.TheCapitalofNewZealandD.TheLandscapeofNewZealand【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.A【語篇解讀】文章為說明文。整篇文章介紹了新西蘭曾經(jīng)的首都Auckland和現(xiàn)在的首都Wellington的特點(diǎn)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AucklandisNewZealand’slargesturbanareawithapopulationofjustoveramillion.Itisnot,however,thecapital,althoughitwasatonetime,untilthecapitalmovedtoWellington.(奧克蘭是新西蘭最大的城市，人口只有100多萬。然而，它不是首都，盡管它曾經(jīng)是首都，直到首都遷至惠靈頓。)”可知，新西蘭曾經(jīng)以Auckland為首都。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AndAuckland’sshinywatersseemtoattractpeoplefromeverypoint.Itisawater-lovers’bestplace,withsomeofthebestbeaches,forswimming,diving,fishing,sailing,windsurfingandwatersportsinthecountry.(奧克蘭閃亮的海水似乎吸引著四面八方的人們。它是水上愛好者的最佳去處，擁有一些最好的海灘，適合游泳、潛水、釣魚、帆船運(yùn)動(dòng)、帆板運(yùn)動(dòng)和水上運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”可知，Auckland是水上運(yùn)動(dòng)愛好者的最佳去處，周邊海域適合多項(xiàng)水上運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Twoaspectsofthecitythatwillimmediatelystrikeanyvisitoraretheharborandhillylandscape.Everywhereyougo,thesoundsandthesmelloftheoceanhangintheair,andgreenhillsandvalleyswrapyouinabearhug.Atnight,Wellingtonoffersaspectacular,shimmeringcityscapethatisunlikealmostanywhereelseintheworld.Evenafterseeingitforahundredtimes,itstilltakesyourbreathaway.(這座城市有兩個(gè)方面會(huì)立即打動(dòng)任何游客，那就是港口和丘陵景觀。無論你走到哪里，空氣中都彌漫著海洋的聲音和氣味，綠色的山丘和山谷將你緊緊擁抱。晚上，惠靈頓呈現(xiàn)出一種壯觀的、閃閃發(fā)光的城市景觀，這與世界上幾乎其他任何地方都不同。即使看了一百遍，它仍然美得讓你窒息。)”可知，作者描述的惠靈頓極其美麗，作者很喜愛惠靈頓的城市風(fēng)光。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章介紹了新西蘭曾經(jīng)的首都Auckland和現(xiàn)在的首都Wellington的特點(diǎn)。因此最佳標(biāo)題是這兩個(gè)城市，即A項(xiàng)“奧克蘭和惠靈頓”。故選A項(xiàng)。CISYOURHOMESAFE?Yourhomecanbeadangerousplace,butbymakingitsaferyoucanpreventaccidents.Thekitchen,bathroom,andbedroomarewheremostaccidentshappen.Thesecanincludefalls,fires,poisoning,cuts,hotwaterburns,andelectricshocks.THEKITCHENPeoplemayslipwhentheflooriswet,somakesuretheflooriskeptdry.Alwayscutawayfromyourbodywhenyouuseaknife.Followinstructionsforallelectricalappliances.Unplugallappliancesafteruse.THEBEDROOM?Neversmokeinbed.?Keepalampnearthebed.?Haveatelephonenearthebed,especiallywhenyou’refeelingill.?Don’trunelectricalwiresundercarpets.THEBATHROOM?Don’tpluginanelectricalapplianceoruseonewhilestandinginwater.?Don’tuseahairdryernearabathcontainingwater.?Keepthebathroomfloordry.?Makesurethatyourhotwaterheaterissetatalowtemperature.PREVENTINGFIRESFirescancauseterribledamagetoyourhomeandterribleinjuriestopeople.Ifthereisafire,yourfirstpriorityisgettingeveryoneoutofthehousesafely,andthencallingforhelp.Nevergobackintoaburningbuildingtosaveyourthings.?Buyclothes,curtains,andtoysthatdonotburneasily.?Useheatersverycarefully,astheycansetobjectsonfire.?Placethemawayfromfurniture.?Whencooking,donotletoiltouchthefireorothersourcesofheat.?Checkelectricalwiresanumberoftimeseachyeartomakesuretheyareingoodcondition.?Switchoffyourgasandelectricitywhenyouwillbeawayfromhomeforalongtime.?Makesureyourhomeisequippedwithfireextinguishers.CHILDRENANDHOMESAFETYHomesarenotalwayssafeplacesforyoungchildren.Beingcurious,theymaysticktheirfingersorobjectsintodangerousplacesandendupsufferingfromelectricshocksorgettingburnt.Inaddition,theymaytrytoeatordrinkanythingtheycanfind,whetheritisfoodornot.Forthesereasons,itisimportanttomakeyourhomesafeifyouhaveyoungchildrenabout.?Keepmatchesoutofthereachofchildren.?Storeallcleaningmaterialsinalockedcupboard.?Neverleaveasmallchildaloneinthebath.?Putcoversoverelectricaloutlets.?Keepallmedicinesoutofthereachofchildren.MAKINGYOURHOMESAFEFORTHEELDERLYTheelderlypresentspecialchallenges,astheymayhavetroublemovingaboutandcanbeseriouslyhurtinfalls.Ifyouhaveanelderlypersoninyourhome,youmayneedtotakesomeextrameasurestomakeyourhomesafer.?Makesurethatpassageswithinthehomearekeptclear.?Putnon-slipbathmatsinandnexttothebathandshower.?Puthandrailsalongpassagewallsandinthebathroom.8.Whichisnotincludedinthecommonaccidentsaroundthehouse?A.Smoking. B.Falls. C.Electricshocks. D.Poisoning.9.Wecanmakeourhomesaferfortheelderlyby____.A.storingallcleaningmaterialsinalockedcupboard.B.puttinghandrailsalongpassagewallsandinthebathroom.C.followinginstructionsforallelectricalappliances.D.keepingthebathroomfloordry.10.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementisnottrue?A.Youshouldmakesurethatyourhotwaterissetatalowtemperature.B.Youshouldn’trunelectricalwiresundercarpets.C.Youshouldkeepallmedicinesoutofthereachofchildren.D.Youdon’thavetohaveyourhomeequippedwithfireextinguisher.11.Wheredoyouthinkthetextcomes?A.Newspaper. B.Anadvertisement.C.Ahome-safetymanual(使用手冊). D.TheInternet.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了家中常見的安全隱患以及避免這些危險(xiǎn)的方法?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thesecanincludefalls,fires,poisoning,cuts,hotwaterburns,andelectricshocks.(這些可能包括跌倒、火災(zāi)、中毒、割傷、熱水燒傷和觸電。)”可知，吸煙不包括在家里常見的事故中。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MAKINGYOURHOMESAFEFORTHEELDERLY部分的“Ifyouhaveanelderlypersoninyourhome,youmayneedtotakesomeextrameasurestomakeyourhomesafer.(如果你家里有老人，你可能需要采取一些額外的措施來使你的家更安全。)”和“Puthandrailsalongpassagewallsandinthebathroom.(在走廊墻壁和浴室內(nèi)設(shè)置扶手。)”可知，我們可以在走廊墻壁和浴室里安裝扶手，使我們的家對老年人更安全。故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PREVENTINGFIRES部分的“Makesureyourhomeisequippedwithfireextinguishers.(確保你的家里配備了滅火器。)”可知，D項(xiàng)：Youdon’thavetohaveyourhomeequippedwithfireextinguisher.(你不必在家里安裝滅火器。)表述錯(cuò)誤。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Yourhomecanbeadangerousplace,butbymakingitsaferyoucanpreventaccidents.Thekitchen,bathroom,andbedroomarewheremostaccidentshappen.Thesecanincludefalls,fires,poisoning,cuts,hotwaterburns,andelectricshocks.(你的家可能是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的地方，但通過使它更安全，你可以防止事故的發(fā)生。廚房、浴室和臥室是發(fā)生事故最多的地方。這些可能包括跌倒、火災(zāi)、中毒、割傷、熱水燒傷和觸電。)”及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了家中常見的安全隱患以及避免這些危險(xiǎn)的方法。由此可推知，文章最有可能出自一個(gè)家庭安全使用手冊。故選C。DJOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.12.WhatdidSnowthinkcholeracausedby?A.Germsinbadair. B.Germsinfood.C.Germsinfoodorwater. D.Germsinwater.13.WhatwasthemostimportanttoolSnowusedtodefeatcholera?A.Microscope. B.Mapsandstatistics. C.Pump. D.Beer.14.HowhasJohnSnow’sworkaffectedourdailylives?A.Snow’sworkhasprovidedreadilyavailablecleanwatertodrink,forexample,aswellasanemphasisonhygienesuchastheneedtowashhandsaftertheybecomedirty.B.Hisworkshowedhowtopreventcholeraepidemics.C.Hisworktransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases,whichhasallowedformoreprotectionfromoncecommondiseasessuchascholera.D.Allabove.15.Atwhichstageisthat“Snowmarkedonamaptheplaceswherethepeoplewhodiedhadlived”inJohnSnow’sinvestigation?A.Process. B.Theories. C.Solution. D.Conclusion.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了JohnSnow如何通過調(diào)查研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)霍亂的傳播途徑，并成功地阻止了一場霍亂疫情的爆發(fā)?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.(另一種理論是霍亂是由食物或水中的細(xì)菌感染引起的。斯諾贊同第二種理論。)”可知，Snow認(rèn)為霍亂是由食物或水中的細(xì)菌感染引起的。故選C。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.(此外，斯諾運(yùn)用地圖和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。)”可知，地圖和數(shù)據(jù)是斯諾用來戰(zhàn)勝霍亂的最重要的工具。故選B。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.(通過斯諾的不懈努力，自來水公司開始銷售干凈的水，世界各地的霍亂威脅大大減少。)”可知，例如，斯諾的工作提供了現(xiàn)成的干凈飲用水，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了衛(wèi)生問題，比如臟了手后要洗手；根據(jù)最后一段“Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.(幸運(yùn)的是，由于約翰·斯諾的工作，我們現(xiàn)在知道如何預(yù)防霍亂。)”可知，他的工作展示了如何預(yù)防霍亂流行；根據(jù)文章最后一段“Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.(此外，斯諾運(yùn)用地圖和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。)”可知，他的工作改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式，使人們能夠更好地預(yù)防霍亂等曾經(jīng)常見的疾病。由此可知，斯諾的工作對我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹挠绊懓厦嫒齻€(gè)方面。故選D。【15題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.(因此，當(dāng)1854年倫敦爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，斯諾開始調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩條特別的街道上，霍亂爆發(fā)得非常嚴(yán)重，10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。他決心找出原因。)”和文章第三段“Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.(斯諾首先在地圖上標(biāo)出所有死者曾經(jīng)居住過的確切地點(diǎn)。)”可知，在約翰·斯諾的調(diào)查中，“斯諾在地圖上標(biāo)出死者曾經(jīng)居住過的地方”是在調(diào)查的過程當(dāng)中。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題,每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Cultureshockisn’taclinicaltermormedicalconditions.It’ssimplyacommonwaytodescribetheconfusingandnervousfeelingsapersonmayhaveafterleavingafamiliarculturetoliveinadifferentculture.____16____Thatcanbeexciting,butitcanalsobeoverwhelming(不可抗拒的).Everyonefeelsthepressuretofitinatonetimeoranother—whetherthey’velivedintheareafordaysoryears.Butdon’tfeellikeyouneedtochangeeverythingaboutyourselfsoyoucanstandoutless.____17____Hereareafewtipsformakingsureyournewculturedoesn’toverpowertheold:Educatepeopleaboutyourculture.Justbecauseyou’retheoneenteringthenewculturedoesn’tmeanyoushouldbetheonedoingallthelearning.____18____Theymayknowlittleaboutit.Itwillalsohelpthemtolearnmoreaboutyouintheprocess.Findasupportgroup.Findkidsinyourclassorneighborhoodwhorecentlymoved,too.Youcanshareexperiences.____19____Youprobablyleftbehindgoodfriendsandfamilywhenyoumoved.Ifit’sgoingtobealongtimeuntilyournextvisit,keepintouch.Youalsoleftbehindotherthings—likeyourfavouritespottohangout.Keeppicturesaroundtoremindyouofhome.Remember,it’simportanttobeyourself.____20____Youwillhaveyourownpaceofadjusting.Aslongasyoufindagoodcombinationbetweenoldandnew,you’llbefine.A.Keepintouchwithhome.B.Understandthenewculture.C.Butthegoodnewsisthatcultureshockistemporary.D.Whenyoumovetoanewplace,you’reboundtofacealotofchanges.E.Trynottoforceyourselftochangetoofastortoomanythingsallatonce.F.Allofyourexperiencesbeforeyoucametoyournewhomearepartofyou.G.Taketheopportunitytoteachclassmatesandnewfriendsaboutyourculture.【答案】16.D17.F18.G19.A20.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇選句填空。文章介紹了不同的社會(huì)背景和文化差異等會(huì)造成文化沖擊，并給出了緩解文化沖擊的方法?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)下文Thatcanbeexciting,butitcanalsobeoverwhelming.可知，這可能是令人興奮的，但也可能是壓倒性的。D項(xiàng)：Whenyoumovetoanewplace,you’reboundtofacealotofchanges.(當(dāng)你搬到一個(gè)新的地方，你一定會(huì)面臨很多變化。)符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)前文Butdon’tfeellikeyouneedtochangeeverythingaboutyourselfsoyoucanstandoutless.可知，但不要覺得你需要改變你自己的一切，這樣你就可以脫穎而出。F項(xiàng)：Allofyourexperiencesbeforeyoucametoyournewhomearepartofyou.(在你來到新家之前，你所有的經(jīng)歷都是你的一部分。)符合文意，故選F項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)下文Theymayknowlittleaboutit.可知，他們對此知之甚少。G項(xiàng)：Taketheopportunitytoteachclassmatesandnewfriendsaboutyourculture.(利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)向同學(xué)和新朋友介紹你們的文化。)與下文形成果因關(guān)系，故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文Youprobablyleftbehindgoodfriendsandfamilywhenyoumoved.Ifit'sgoingtobealongtimeuntilyournextvisit,keepintouch.可知，你搬家的時(shí)候可能會(huì)留下好朋友和家人，如果要很長時(shí)間才會(huì)再來，一定要保持聯(lián)系。A項(xiàng)：Keepintouchwithhome.(和家里保持聯(lián)系。)符合本段文意，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文Remember,it’simportanttobeyourself.可知，做你自己很重要。E項(xiàng)：Trynottoforceyourselftochangetoofastortoomanythingsallatonce.(試著不要強(qiáng)迫自己一下子改變得太快或太多。)符合文意，故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共二節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題,每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ItwasthefirsttimeMohamhadgonetoarestaurantinhisnewneighborhood.Helookedupatthemenuboard,and____21____howhecouldunderstandwhatallofthesestrangenamesmeant.Mohamdecidedthathewould____22____askthewaitressforicecreaminacup.Shesmiledbrightly,wrotedownhis____23____anddisappearedbehindthebigglassdisplaycase(陳列柜).Amomentlater,shecamebackwithatallpapercup.____24____itwasalongstraw(吸管)andsomekindofdrink.Moham,quite____25____,tookthecupandthankedher,thinkingaboutthepossibilitythathehadusedwrongwords.“It’sthesodayouordered,”____26____said,“anicecreamdrinkinacup”.Hesmiledatthewaitress,pointedatoneofthe____27____inthedisplaycase,andsaid,“Thatone,please,"whichseemedto____28____better.Mohamtookthecakeandhisunexpectedsodatoatableandsatdowntoeat.WhywasitthatEnglishhadbeenso____29____forhiminhisclassesinTunisia,butwhenitcameto____30____speaking,hecouldn’tevengetwhathewantedtoeat?Justthen,agirl,whosatatthenexttableandhadwatchedthewhole____31____,smiledathimandsaid,“Hey,welcometoourbeautifulcity!Don’tfeel____32____aboutyourEnglish-you’llgetbetteratit____33____you’velivedhereforawhile.I’mfromSpain,andthefirsttimeItriedtoorderasaladhere,I____34____withaplateofpig’sfeet.Atleastyougotasoda!”Hearingthis,Mohamfeltmuchbetter.Hewasn’ttheonlyone____35____tocommunicate,andhisnewcitybegantofeeljustalittlemorelikehecouldcallithome.21.A.imagined B.remembered C.described D.wondered22.A.even B.just C.never D.also23.A.wish B.suggestion C.order D.dream24.A.Inside B.Under C.Above D.Near25.A.moved B.bored C.tired D.surprised26.A.he B.she C.I D.you27.A.cakes B.salads C.drinks D.strawberries28.A.spread B.work C.develop D.read29.A.special B.popular C.important D.easy30.A.slowly B.carefully C.actually D.honestly31.A.process B.discussion C.performance D.argument32.A.crazy B.hopeful C.bad D.excited33.A.although B.if C.because D.since34.A.cameup B.cheeredup C.showedup D.endedup35.A.fighting B.planning C.regretting D.refusing【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.D26.B27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Moham在一個(gè)陌生城市的飯店里點(diǎn)餐因?yàn)檎Z言不通而發(fā)生的尷尬故事?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他抬頭看了看菜單板，不知道自己怎么能理解這些奇怪的名字是什么意思。A.imagined想象；B.remembered記得；C.described描述；D.wondered想知道。根據(jù)上文的“ItwasthefirsttimeMohamwenttoarestaurantinhisnewneighborhood.”可知，Moham

第一次在這里點(diǎn)餐，看不懂菜單板。他想知道怎樣才能明白所有這些奇怪名字的意思。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Moham決定直接向女服務(wù)員要杯裝的冰淇淋。A.even甚至；B.just只是；C.never從不；D.also也。根據(jù)上文的“ItwasthefirsttimeMohamwenttoarestaurantinhisnewneighborhood.”和空后的“askthewaitressforicecreaminacup”可知，他只是想點(diǎn)一杯冰激凌。故選B。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她燦爛地笑了笑，記下了他的點(diǎn)餐，然后消失在大玻璃陳列柜后面。A.wish希望；B.suggestion建議；C.order點(diǎn)餐；D.dream夢想。根據(jù)上文中的“askthewaitressforicecreaminacup”可知，女服務(wù)員寫下了Moham點(diǎn)的餐。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：過了一會(huì)兒，她拿著一個(gè)高高的紙杯回來了。A.Inside在內(nèi)部；B.Under在下方；C.Above在上方；D.Near在附近。根據(jù)空前的“atallpapercup”和空后的“itwasalongstrawandsomekindofdrink”可知，在紙杯里面有根長吸管和一些飲品。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Moham很驚訝，接過杯子向她道謝，想著自己可能說錯(cuò)話了。A.moved感動(dòng)的；B.bored無聊的；C.tired疲倦的；D.surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)上文的“Mohamdecidedthathewould...askthewaitressforicecreaminacup.”可知，他點(diǎn)的是一杯冰激凌而非飲料，所以他應(yīng)該感到驚訝。故選D?！?6題詳析】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：“這是你點(diǎn)的蘇打水，”她說，“一杯裝在杯子里的冰淇淋。”A.he他；B.she她；C.I我；D.you你。根據(jù)上文的“Mohamdecidedthathewouldaskthewaitressforicecreaminacup.”和空前的“It’sthesodayouhaveordered”以及空后的“anicecreamdrinkinacup”可知，這是女服務(wù)員說的話，應(yīng)用代詞she。故選B。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他對女服務(wù)員笑了笑，指著展示柜里的一塊蛋糕說：“請來一塊。”這似乎更管用。A.cakes蛋糕；B.salads沙拉；C.drinks飲料；D.strawberries草莓。根據(jù)下文中的“Mohamtookthecake”可知，此處是他指著陳列柜里的一塊蛋糕。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他對女服務(wù)員笑了笑，指著展示柜里的一塊蛋糕說：“請來一塊?！边@似乎更管用。A.spread