湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末綜合能力檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末綜合能力檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題Ⅰ.閱讀(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThailand’sfourtrainjourneysIfyou’renotinarush,youcantaketrainstotravelaroundThailand.Herearethefourbesttrainjourneysinthecountry.HaLineStart:Tho;End:SatSamStartatThoWongYtrainstation,justacrosstheCoPRiverfromBangkok.Fromthewindow,youcanseehomes,shops,palmtreesandricefields.ThefarmlanddisappearsasyouenterSamSan.Aftergettingoffandwalkingthroughabusyfreshmarket,you’llreachaharbor(港口).DeathRailwayStart:Tho;End:NamTBuiltinthe1940s,theDeathRailwayisThailand’smostfamousandhistorictrainline.Atotalof688bridgeswerebuiltalongtheroute(路線).ThetrainsthatrunontheDeathRailwayare3rd-class,meaningtheyhavenoair-conditionersandmostlywoodenbenches.It’satouristline,sothere’restopsforshortvisitstohistoricalsitesandaneave.BeachTrainStart:Bangkok;End:HaHThisrouteskirtsaroundtheGulfofThailand.Yourdestination,HaH,isThailand’soriginalbeachresort(旅游勝地).ThecentralattractionoftherouteisHaHred-and-whitetrainstation,whichwasbuiltin1926.ThetrainislargelyresponsibleforHaHwealth;therefore,thestationisamajorsourceofpride.TraintoLaosStart:Bangkok;End:ThangStartingfromBangkokintheafternoon,thisroutecrossestheMekongRiverintoLaos.Inthemorning,withwarmsunlightstreamingintoyourbed,you’llpassbythecharmingtinyvillagesandseeminglyendlessusefields.AfterastopinNongK,you’llcrosstheso-calledFriendshipBridgetoLaos.1.Whatcan’belearnedabouttheDeathRailway?A.ItisthemostfamousandmodernlineinThailand.B.Itstrainsare3rd-classwithallwoodenbenches.C.ItprovidesyouwithgoodnaturalviewsalongthelineD.Itstopsforafewmomentsathistoricalsites.2.WhatdoDeathRailwayandBeachTrainhaveincommon?A.Theyallowyoutoenjoyseaviews.B.Theycangiveyouasenseofhistory.C.Theyofferalotofgoodviewsalongtheway.D.Theymakeyouexperiencethelocallife.3.WhichisthedestinationofBeachTrain?A.Bangkok. B.NongK. C.HaH. D.Thang.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了泰國(guó)的四條火車(chē)旅行路線。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章DeathRailway部分中“Builtinthe1940s,theDeathRailwayisThailand’smostfamousandhistorictrainline.Atotalof688bridgeswerebuiltalongtheroute(路線).ThetrainsthatrunontheDeathRailwayare3rd-class,meaningtheyhavenoair-conditionersandmostlywoodenbenches.It’satouristline,sothere’restopsforshortvisitstohistoricalsitesandaeave.(死亡鐵路建于20世紀(jì)40年代，是泰國(guó)最著名、最具歷史意義的鐵路線。沿途共修建了688座橋梁(路線)。在死亡鐵路上運(yùn)行的火車(chē)是三等艙，也就是說(shuō)他們沒(méi)有空調(diào)，大多是木凳。這是一條旅游線路，所以會(huì)有短暫參觀歷史遺跡和休息的站點(diǎn)。)”可知，關(guān)于死亡鐵路我們了解到的是它的火車(chē)是三等車(chē)廂，全是木凳，沿途你可以欣賞到優(yōu)美的自然風(fēng)光，有短暫參觀歷史遺跡和休息的站點(diǎn)，所以A選項(xiàng)“這是泰國(guó)最著名、最現(xiàn)代的線路?！辈环项}意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章DeathRailway部分中“Builtinthe1940s,theDeathRailwayisThailand’smostfamousandhistorictrainline.(死亡鐵路建于20世紀(jì)40年代，是泰國(guó)最著名、最具歷史意義的鐵路線。)”和BeachTrain部分中“ThecentralattractionoftherouteisHaHred-and-whitetrainstation,whichwasbuiltin1926.(這條路線的中心景點(diǎn)是建于1926年的哈哈紅白火車(chē)站。)”可知，死亡鐵路和海灘火車(chē)這兩條線路的共同之處是它們可以給你一種歷史感。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章BeachTrain可知，“Yourdestination,HaH,isThailand’soriginalbeachresort(旅游勝地).(你的目的地，HaH.是泰國(guó)最原始的海灘度假勝地)”。可知，海灘列車(chē)的目的地是HaH.。故選C項(xiàng)。BAfewyearsago,itseemedlikeTaylorSwiftneverwentanywherewithoutalargegroupoffriends.Nomatterwhateventsheattended,alistsquad(小隊(duì))—whichincludedfamouspeoplelikeSelenaGomez,ZendandGodHadid—wouldberightbyherside.ButnowSwiftwantsfanstoknowthatherfriendshipsweren’tasperfectasshetriedtomakepeoplebelieve.Infact,shesaysshewasusingherfriendgrouptohideherinsecurity(不安全)offeeling“uncool”and“unpopular”.Swiftsaysshewentoutofherwaytoshowoffhersquadbecauseshedidn’thavemanyfriendswhenshewasyounger—amemorythatstillbotheredheryearslater.“Neverbeingpopularasakidwasalwaysaninsecurityforme,”shesays.Whenshebecamefamous,Swiftbecameobsessed(沉迷)withshowingoffherpopularity.“Inmytwenties,Ifoundmyselfsurroundedbygirlswhowantedtobemyfriends,”Swiftexplains.“SoIcelebratedmynewfoundacceptanceintoasisterhood.”Butbyconstantlyputtingherfriendsondisplay,Swiftfailedtoconsiderhowbadherfansmightfeelaboutthemselvesbecausetheydidn’thaveasquadlikehers.“Ididn’trealizethatotherpeoplemightstillfeelthewayIdidwhenIfeltsoalone,”shesays.Asshebecameolderandmoreconfidentinherself,Swiftstartedfocusingonthequalityofherfriends,notthequantity(數(shù)量).Shesaysshefinallyunderstandsthatthesizeofhergroupdoesn’tmeanhow“cool”sheis.Toher,it’smuchmoreimportanttohaveafewfriendswhocanbetrustedratherthanalargegroupof“fair-weather”friends.WhileSwiftstillvaluesherfriendsshehasinherlife,shenolongerfeelsthepressuretoshowoffthemforthesakeofimpressingothers.“Fortoolong,theopinionsofstrangersaffectedhowIviewedthings.ButnowIlearnnottoletoutsideopinionsaffectmyownlifechoices.”4.WhatmadeSwiftknowoldlistsquad?A.Thepopularityofherfriends.B.Herchildhoodexperience.C.Thesupportofherfans.D.Herstrongsocialinfluence.5.Whatdoesparagraph4intendtotellus?A.Weshouldmakerealfriends.B.Itisimportanttotrustourfriends.C.Ourfriendscanaffectourbehavior.D.Therearemanywaysofmakingfriends.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sake”probablymeaninthelastparagraph?A.Request. B.Advice. C.Method. D.Purpose.7.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Ascientificreport. B.Asocialnewspaper.C.Atravelmagazine. D.Amovieposter.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，本文主要講述著名歌手TaylorSwift由于童年時(shí)期不受歡迎的經(jīng)歷喜歡帶著一群朋友團(tuán)，后來(lái)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和自信心的增強(qiáng)，Swift開(kāi)始關(guān)注朋友的質(zhì)量，學(xué)會(huì)了不讓外界的觀點(diǎn)影響自己的人生選擇。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Swiftsaysshewentoutofherwaytoshowoffhersquadbecauseshedidn’thavemanyfriendswhenshewasyounger—amemorythatstillbotheredheryearslater.(Swift說(shuō)，她特意去炫耀她的團(tuán)隊(duì)，因?yàn)樗贻p的時(shí)候沒(méi)有很多朋友——多年后這段記憶仍然困擾著她)”可知，童年時(shí)期的經(jīng)歷讓Swift認(rèn)識(shí)了她的朋友小分隊(duì)。故選B?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Asshebecameolderandmoreconfidentinherself,Swiftstartedfocusingonthequalityofherfriends,notthequantity(數(shù)量).Shesaysshefinallyunderstandsthatthesizeofhergroupdoesn’tmeanhow“cool”sheis.Toher,it’smuchmoreimportanttohaveafewfriendswhocanbetrustedratherthanalargegroupof“fair-weather”friends.(隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和自信心的增強(qiáng)，Swift開(kāi)始關(guān)注朋友的質(zhì)量，而不是數(shù)量。她說(shuō)她終于明白，她的團(tuán)隊(duì)規(guī)模并不意味著她有多“酷”。對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，有幾個(gè)可以信任的朋友比一大群“酒肉朋友”重要得多)”可知，本段主要告訴我們要結(jié)交真正的朋友。故選A?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Infact,shesaysshewasusingherfriendgrouptohideherinsecurity(不安全)offeeling“uncool”and“unpopular”.Swiftsaysshewentoutofherwaytoshowoffhersquad(事實(shí)上，她說(shuō)她是在利用她的朋友群來(lái)隱藏她的不安全感，因?yàn)樗X(jué)得自己“不酷”、“不受歡迎”。Swift說(shuō)，她特意去炫耀她的團(tuán)隊(duì))”以及劃線詞后“ofimpressingothers(給別人留下深刻印象)”可知，Swift炫耀自己的朋友來(lái)隱藏自己的不安全感，推知?jiǎng)澗€詞所在句意為“雖然Swift仍然珍惜她生命中的朋友，但她不再感到為了給別人留下深刻印象而炫耀他們的壓力”，sake意為“目的”。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第四段中“Asshebecameolderandmoreconfidentinherself,Swiftstartedfocusingonthequalityofherfriends,notthequantity(數(shù)量).(隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和自信心的增強(qiáng)，Swift開(kāi)始關(guān)注朋友的質(zhì)量，而不是數(shù)量)”和最后一段中“Fortoolong,theopinionsofstrangersaffectedhowIviewedthings.ButnowIlearnnottoletoutsideopinionsaffectmyownlifechoices.(很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，陌生人的觀點(diǎn)影響了我對(duì)事物的看法。但現(xiàn)在我學(xué)會(huì)了不讓外界的觀點(diǎn)影響我自己的人生選擇)”可知，本文主要講述著名歌手TaylorSwift由于童年時(shí)期不受歡迎的經(jīng)歷喜歡帶著一群朋友團(tuán)，后來(lái)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和自信心的增強(qiáng)，Swift開(kāi)始關(guān)注朋友的質(zhì)量，學(xué)會(huì)了不讓外界的觀點(diǎn)影響自己的人生選擇，是關(guān)于友誼的，應(yīng)是出自社交報(bào)紙。故選B。CWecanlearntobehappybutonlygetlastingbenefitsifwekeeppracticing,anewstudyhasrevealed.TheteambehindtheUniversityofBristol’sScienceofHappinesscoursehadalreadydiscoveredthatteachingstudentsthelatestscientificstudiesonhappinessmarkedlyimprovedtheirwell-being.However,theirlateststudyfoundthatthesewell-beingboostsareshort-livedunlesstheevidence-informedhabitslearnedinthecourse—suchasgratitude,exercise,orrun—arekeptupoverthelongterm.SeniorauthorProfessorBruceHoodsaid,“It’slikegoingtothegym—wecan’texpecttodooneclassandbefitforever.Justaswithphysicalhealth,wehavetocontinuouslyworkonourmentalhealth;otherwise,theimprovementswillbetemporary.”Launchedin2018,theUniversityofBristol’sScienceofHappinesscoursewasthefirstofitskindintheUK.Itinvolvesnoexamsorcourseworkandteachesstudentswhatthelatestpeer-reviewedstudiesinpsychologyandneurosciencesayreallymakesushappy.Studentswhotookthecoursereporteda10%to15%improvementinwell-being.However,onlythosewhocontinuedimplementingthecourselearningmaintainedthatimprovedwell-beingwhentheyweresurveyedagaintwoyearslater.ProfessorHoodsaid,“Thisstudyshowsthatjustdoingacourseisjustthestart.Youmustcommittousingwhatyoulearnonaregularbasis.Muchofwhatweteachrevolvesaroundpositivepsychologicalinterventionsthattakeyourattentionfromyourselfbyhelpingothers,beingwithfriends,orbeinggrateful.Thisistheoppositeofthecurrent‘self-care’doctrine(學(xué)說(shuō)),butcountlessstudieshaveshownthatgettingoutofourownheadshelpsgetusawayfromnegativethoughts,whichcanbethebasisofsomanymentalhealthproblems.”8.Whatdoesthestudyfindabouthappiness?A.Happinesscanbelearned,butwehavetoworkatit.B.Financialsuccessdoesnotproducelastinghappiness.C.Happinessistheabilitytomakethemostofwhatwehave.D.Tryingtoohardtofindhappinessmayhavetheoppositeeffect.9.WhatcanwelearnfromProfessorHood’swords?A.Learninghasgottobeactiveandexperiential.B.Mentalhealthisasimportantasphysicalhealth.C.Maintaininghappinessrequirescontinuouseffort.D.Exerciseisthebestwaytokeepahealthylifestyle.10.Whatwordscanbestdescribethecourse?A.Longandcomplex. B.Pioneeringanduseful.C.Cheapandprofessional. D.Interestingandeducational.11.Howcanweimprovementalhealthaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Byinteractingwithothers. B.Byfocusingonourselves.C.Bylearninganewcourse. D.Byavoidingnegativefriends.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了布里斯托大學(xué)快樂(lè)科學(xué)課程的研究，該研究指出快樂(lè)是可以習(xí)得的，但我們必須不斷努力去獲得它?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Wecanlearntobehappybutonlygetlastingbenefitsifwekeeppracticing,anewstudyhasrevealed.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，我們可以學(xué)會(huì)快樂(lè)，但只有堅(jiān)持練習(xí)才能獲得持久的好處。)”可知，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，快樂(lè)是可以習(xí)得的，但我們必須努力去獲得它。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Hood教授所說(shuō)的話“It’slikegoingtothegym—wecan’texpecttodooneclassandbefitforever.Justaswithphysicalhealth,wehavetocontinuouslyworkonourmentalhealth;otherwise,theimprovementswillbetemporary.(這就像去健身房——我們不能指望上一堂課就永遠(yuǎn)保持健康。就像保持身體健康一樣，我們必須不斷努力保持心理健康；否則，這些改善將是暫時(shí)的。)”可知，Hood教授把獲得快樂(lè)比作通過(guò)去健身房保持身體健康，指出保持身體健康需要不斷去健身房，而保持快樂(lè)也要不斷的努力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Launchedin2018,theUniversityofBristol’sScienceofHappinesscoursewasthefirstofitskindintheUK.Itinvolvesnoexamsorcourseworkandteachesstudentswhatthelatestpeer-reviewedstudiesinpsychologyandneurosciencesayreallymakesushappy.Studentswhotookthecoursereporteda10%to15%improvementinwell-being.(布里斯托大學(xué)的快樂(lè)科學(xué)課程于2018年推出，是英國(guó)首個(gè)此類(lèi)課程。它不涉及考試或作業(yè)，教給學(xué)生心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域最新的同行評(píng)議研究認(rèn)為真正能讓我們快樂(lè)的東西。參加這門(mén)課程的學(xué)生報(bào)告說(shuō)，他們的幸福感提高了10%到15%。)”可知，這門(mén)課程是英國(guó)首個(gè)此類(lèi)課程，與傳統(tǒng)的課程不同，不涉及考試或作業(yè)，而且參加的學(xué)生的幸福感的確得到了提升。由此可知，這門(mén)課程具有開(kāi)拓性和實(shí)用性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Muchofwhatweteachrevolvesaroundpositivepsychologicalinterventionsthattakeyourattentionfromyourselfbyhelpingothers,beingwithfriends,orbeinggrateful.(我們教的很多東西都圍繞著積極的心理干預(yù)，通過(guò)幫助別人、和朋友在一起或心懷感激，把你的注意力從自己身上轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi)。)”可知，我們可以通過(guò)與他人互動(dòng)來(lái)改善心理健康。故選A項(xiàng)。DAnumberofnewhousesacrossCaliforniaaresellingunusuallyfast.Inthepasttwomonths,82havebeensoldout,andthewaitinglistis1,000long.Thatdemandshould,though,soonbesatisfied—for,whileitcantakeweekstoputupaconventionalbricks-and-mortardwelling(磚混住宅),theconstructorsbehindthesehousesareabletobuildoneinlessthan24hours.Theycandoitsorapidlybecausetheirproductsarecollectedfromprefabricated(預(yù)制的)componentsprintedinafactory.Three-dimensional(3D)printinghasbeenaroundsincetheearly1980s,butisnowdevelopingfast.Itisalreadyemployedtomakethingsrangingfromorthopedic(整形外科的)implantstocomponentsforaircraft.Thedetailsvaryaccordingtotheproductsandprocessesinvolved,buttheunderlyingprinciple(原理)isthesame.Alayerofmaterialislaiddownandsomehowfixedinplace.Thenanotherisputontopofit.Thenanother.Byvaryingtheshapeandthecomposition,objectscanbecraftedthatwouldbedifficultorimpossibletoproducewithconventionaltechniques.Notonlydoes3Dprintingallowgreaterversatility(用途廣泛)andfasterconstruction,italsopromisesamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyapproach.Thatmaymakeitausefulanswertotwochallengesnowfacingtheworld:ashortageofhousingandclimatechange.Morethan20%ofEarth’spopulationlackadequateaccommodation.Andtheconstructionindustryisresponsiblefor11%oftheworld’sman-madecarbon-dioxideemissions.Animportantbenefitisthatthereislessneedtomovelotsofheavystuff.PalariHomes,forinstance,estimatesthatprefabricatingitsproductsreducesthenumberoflorryjourneyssufficientlytocuttwotonnesofftheamountofcarbondioxidereleasedperhome.Ifsuccessful,buildingby3Dprintingislikelytospreadbeyondhousing.Opportunitiesalsoexistinwarehousing,officesandothercommercialbuildings.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?A.HousesaresellingfasterinCaliforniathanotherplaces.B.ThedemandsofhousescanbewellmetinCalifornia.C.TraditionalhousesaleinCaliforniahasbeenincreasingrecently.D.Conventionaldwellingsneedmoretimetocompletethan3Dprintedhouses.13.What’sparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedevelopmentandexplanationof3Dprinting.B.Theapplicationandworkprinciplesof3Dprinting.C.Theadvantagesof3Dprinting.D.Thefunctionsandfutureof3Dprinting.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards3Dprinting?A.Neutral. B.Negative. C.Favorable. D.Worried.15.What’sthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.3Dprinting—applicationtotheconstructionfieldB.3Dprinting—anenvironmentallyfriendlytechC.Thepromisingfutureofthe3DprintingindustryD.Newpracticeofthefamiliar3Dprinting【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在建筑行業(yè)的應(yīng)用，指出其能夠快速建造房屋并具有環(huán)保優(yōu)勢(shì)，有助于解決住房短缺和氣候變化問(wèn)題，并可能擴(kuò)展到其他商業(yè)建筑領(lǐng)域。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thatdemandshould,though,soonbesatisfied—for,whileitcantakeweekstoputupaconventionalbricks-and-mortardwelling(磚混住宅),theconstructorsbehindthesehousesareabletobuildoneinlessthan24hours.Theycandoitsorapidlybecausetheirproductsarecollectedfromprefabricated(預(yù)制的)componentsprintedinafactory.(不過(guò)，這種需求應(yīng)該很快就會(huì)得到滿足，因?yàn)榻ㄔ煲凰鶄鹘y(tǒng)的磚混住宅可能需要數(shù)周的時(shí)間，而這些房屋背后的建造者能夠在不到24小時(shí)的時(shí)間內(nèi)建造一所房屋。他們能做的如此之快，因?yàn)樗麄兊漠a(chǎn)品是來(lái)自印刷在工廠預(yù)制組件。)”可知，建造一所傳統(tǒng)的磚混住宅可能需要數(shù)周的時(shí)間，但利用3D打印時(shí)間可縮短到24小時(shí)以內(nèi)。由此可知，傳統(tǒng)住宅比3D打印房屋需要更多的時(shí)間來(lái)完成。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Three-dimensional(3D)printinghasbeenaroundsincetheearly1980s,butisnowdevelopingfast.Itisalreadyemployedtomakethingsrangingfromorthopedic(整形外科的)implantstocomponentsforaircraft.Thedetailsvaryaccordingtotheproductsandprocessesinvolved,buttheunderlyingprinciple(原理)isthesame.Alayerofmaterialislaiddownandsomehowfixedinplace.Thenanotherisputontopofit.Thenanother.Byvaryingtheshapeandthecomposition,objectscanbecraftedthatwouldbedifficultorimpossibletoproducewithconventionaltechniques.(自20世紀(jì)80年代初以來(lái)，三維(3D)打印已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，但現(xiàn)在發(fā)展迅速。它已經(jīng)被用于制造從骨科植入物到飛機(jī)部件的各種產(chǎn)品。具體細(xì)節(jié)根據(jù)所涉及的產(chǎn)品和過(guò)程而有所不同，但基本原理是相同的。鋪上一層材料，并以某種方式固定在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩Ｈ缓笤侔蚜硪粋€(gè)放在上面。然后另一個(gè)。通過(guò)改變形狀和組成，可以制作出用傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)很難或不可能生產(chǎn)的物體。)”可知，本段主要介紹了3D打印的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和工作原理。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Notonlydoes3Dprintingallowgreaterversatility(用途廣泛)andfasterconstruction,italsopromisesamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyapproach.Thatmaymakeitausefulanswertotwochallengesnowfacingtheworld:ashortageofhousingandclimatechange.(3D打印不僅具有更廣泛的用途和更快的建造速度，而且有望成為一種更環(huán)保的方法。這可能會(huì)使它成為解決目前世界面臨的兩大挑戰(zhàn)的有用答案：住房短缺和氣候變化。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為3D打印用途廣泛，建造速度快，更加環(huán)保，而且可能幫助解決住房短缺和氣候變化。由此可知，作者是支持3D打印的。故選C項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章圍繞3D打印技術(shù)在建筑行業(yè)的應(yīng)用展開(kāi)，第一段用加州新房屋的銷(xiāo)售引出使用3D打印可以快速有效地使用預(yù)制組件建造房屋，第二段補(bǔ)充3D打印的相關(guān)背景知識(shí)，介紹這種打印在其他領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，以及工作原理，第三段介紹用3D打印建造房屋的優(yōu)勢(shì)，主要有關(guān)解決住房短缺和氣候變化的挑戰(zhàn)。因此，A項(xiàng)“3D打?。涸诮ㄖI(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用”最契合文章主旨，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Isyourdoganythinglikemine,wholovesrollingaroundinapairofgrassanychanceshegets?Anditalwayscracksmeup(andanybodywalkingby)towatchmydog,Na,havethetimeofherlife.____16____Isshecoolingoff?Isshejustsuperhappy?TofindoutwhyNaandsomanyotherdogsliketostop,dropandroll,IreachedouttoDr.StephanieAustin.____17____She’senjoyingasmell.It’simportanttorememberhowincrediblypowerfulyourdog’snoseis.“Theyarepickinguponhundredsofsubtlescentsthatwecan’tevencomprehend!”Dr.Austinsaid.“Sometimestheywanttoenjoyascenttheyhavefoundinthegrassandwillrollaroundinittodojustthat.____18____AccordingtoDr.Austin,there’sanothersmellyreasonwhyyourpupmayberollingaroundinthatpatchofgrass.“Dogsmayrollingrasstohidetheirownscent,asmoreofaninheritedpredatory(捕食性的)instinct,”Dr.Austinsaid.She’sscratchinganitch(撓癢癢).“It’sgoodtoruleoutanyallergiesandmakesure,yourdogisn’trollingatontoscratchaconstantlyitchybackorside.____19____”Dr.Austinsaid.She’scoolingoff.Ifit’saparticularlyhotday,thatgrassmaylookextraappealingtoyourdog,whereshecanjustberelaxedandhavingfun.Itmightevenbealittlewetfromasprinkler—theperfectcomboforyourdogtocooloffin.Ifyounoticeyourdogrollingaroundinthegrass,it’sprobablyjustherhavingthebesttimeever.____20____.ButnowI’meventhinkingaboutjoiningminenexttime.A.She’scoveringupherownscent.B.Shetryingtoscareoffprey(獵物).C.Butotherwise,it’sprobablynormalthatshe’shavingagoodtime.D.ButI’vealwayswonderedwhysheactuallydoesit.E.Sheisananimaldoctorwhohasbeenworkingoncuringdogsforseveralyears.F.Andherearesomeofthemostcommonexplanationsbehindthisbehavior.G.I’mnotsureaboutyou.【答案】16.D17.F18.A19.C20.G【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了小狗在草地上打滾的原因?！?6題詳析】由下文“Isshecoolingoff?Isshejustsuperhappy?(她在降溫嗎？她只是超級(jí)開(kāi)心嗎？)”可知，空后提出了一些問(wèn)題，說(shuō)明空處為提出這些問(wèn)題的原因，即作者一直在想為什么小狗要在草地上打滾。所以D項(xiàng)“ButI’vealwayswonderedwhysheactuallydoesit.(但我一直想知道她為什么要這么做。)”符合語(yǔ)境，有啟下作用。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】由上文“TofindoutwhyNaandsomanyotherdogsliketostop,dropandroll,IreachedouttoDr.StephanieAustin.(為了弄清楚為什么Na和這么多其他狗喜歡停下來(lái)打滾，我聯(lián)系了斯蒂芬妮·奧斯汀博士。)”可知，這里主要講作者向?qū)I(yè)人士咨詢，而F項(xiàng)“Andherearesomeofthemostcommonexplanationsbehindthisbehavior.(以下是這種行為背后的一些最常見(jiàn)的解釋。)”符合語(yǔ)境，其中herearesomeofthemostcommonexplanations有啟下作用，thisbehavior與上文liketostop,dropandroll對(duì)應(yīng)，有承上作用。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】由下文“AccordingtoDr.Austin,there’sanothersmellyreasonwhyyourpupmayberollingaroundinthatpatchofgrass.‘Dogsmayrollingrasstohidetheirownscent,asmoreofaninheritedpredatory(捕食性的)instinct,’Dr.Austinsaid.(奧斯汀博士說(shuō)，你的小狗在那片草地上打滾還有另一個(gè)原因。奧斯汀博士說(shuō)：‘狗可能會(huì)在草叢中滾動(dòng)以隱藏自己的氣味，這更多地是一種遺傳的掠食性本能。’)”可知，這里主要講狗可能會(huì)在草叢中滾動(dòng)來(lái)隱藏自己的氣味，所以A項(xiàng)“She’scoveringupherownscent.(她在掩蓋自己的氣味。)”符合語(yǔ)境，其中coveringupherownscent與下文hidetheirownscent對(duì)應(yīng)，有啟下作用。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】由上文“It’sgoodtoruleoutanyallergiesandmakesure,yourdogisn’trollingatontoscratchaconstantlyitchybackorside.(最好排除任何過(guò)敏反應(yīng)，并確保你的狗不會(huì)因?yàn)椴粩喟l(fā)癢的背部或側(cè)面而翻滾。)”可知，這里主要講排除狗不是因?yàn)榘l(fā)癢而打滾，而C項(xiàng)“Butotherwise,it’sprobablynormalthatshe’shavingagoodtime.(但除此之外，她玩得很開(kāi)心可能是正常的。)”符合語(yǔ)境，其中Butotherwise，表示和上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】由下文“ButnowI’meventhinkingaboutjoiningminenexttime.(但現(xiàn)在我甚至在考慮下次加入我的狗。)”可知，這里主要講作者想下次加入狗一起打滾玩，而G項(xiàng)“I’mnotsureaboutyou.(我不確定你。)”符合語(yǔ)境，與后句形成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選G項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。IthasbeenfouryearssinceIlearntorideahorsefromWorktoRide.TheprogramwasputforwardbyHi,whowasaformercompetitiverider.Butnowhe____21____helpinginner-citykidsfindcourageandconfidencethroughridinghorses.He____22____theprogramforteenagersplayingpolo(馬球).Eachstudentisassigneda“carehorse”—ananimaltheyare____23____forraisingandcaringfor.Thoughit’sfreeforteens,____24____theprogramrequiresothertypesofinvestment.Fouryearsago,afriendfirsttoldmeabouttheprogram,sayingitwouldallowmetospendmyafternoons____25____horseswhileridingthemforfree.Iwascuriousaboutit,soIfollowedhimtothebarn(牲口房)wherehorseswerekept.AtfirstwhenIsawmybighorse,Iwas____26____.Aftermonthsofpractice,however,thefearIhad____27____towardsthehorsewaslonggone.Iwas____28____torideahorse.Itwasallduetothese____29____:feedingmy“carehorse”,cleaningitandcheckingitforsignsofinjury.ButIthoughttheexperiencewasdifferentfromanythingIhad______30______imagined.Manykids______31______fortheprogramandtheirmomsalwaysspeakhighlyofHi:Theprogramhasbeenagreat______32______.Hiisstrictwiththekids.“It’s______33______forkidstocomehereontime.You’llbekickedofftheprogramifyoustop______34______classes,”hestressed.Hisgoalsaremoderate(適度的).“Watchingthesekidsdeveloparelationshipwiththeirhorsesis______35______,”hesaid.21.A.focuseson B.feedson C.reflectson D.relieson22.A.received B.founded C.completed D.refused23.A.talented B.responsible C.perfect D.desperate24.A.joining B.donating C.volunteering D.instructing25.A.watchingfor B.appealingto C.lookingafter D.tryingout26.A.excited B.worried C.surprised D.frightened27.A.borne B.expressed C.caused D.imagined28.A.chosen B.afraid C.recommended D.delighted29.A.contributions B.tests C.efforts D.hopes30.A.actually B.originally C.finally D.luckily31.A.paid B.waited C.entered D.searched32.A.competition B.treat C.award D.success33.A.natural B.possible C.necessary D.usual34.A.attending B.buying C.organizing D.enjoying35.A.shocking B.unbelievable C.understandable D.rewarding【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.A25.C26.D27.A28.D29.C30.B31.C32.D33.C34.A35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一名前競(jìng)技騎手Hi創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)免費(fèi)騎馬項(xiàng)目，旨在幫助貧民區(qū)孩子通過(guò)騎馬增強(qiáng)勇氣和信心。每個(gè)孩子負(fù)責(zé)一匹“看護(hù)馬”，需照顧和飼養(yǎng)。作者四年前加入該項(xiàng)目，起初害怕騎馬，但通過(guò)練習(xí)和照顧馬匹，逐漸克服恐懼并愛(ài)上騎馬。項(xiàng)目很成功，Hi得到了孩子們母親的高度贊揚(yáng)。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但現(xiàn)在他專(zhuān)注于幫助貧民區(qū)的孩子通過(guò)騎馬找到勇氣和信心。A.focuseson專(zhuān)注于；B.feedson以……為食；C.reflectson反思；D.relieson依賴于。根據(jù)上文“TheprogramwasputforwardbyHi,whowasaformercompetitiverider.”可知，Hi以前是一名競(jìng)技騎手，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是由他提出的，由此推知，他現(xiàn)在是專(zhuān)注于通過(guò)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目幫助這些孩子。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他創(chuàng)立了青少年打馬球的項(xiàng)目。A.received收到；B.founded創(chuàng)立；C.completed完成；D.refused拒絕。根據(jù)上文“TheprogramwasputforwardbyHi”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是由Hi提出的，因此他創(chuàng)立了該項(xiàng)目。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)學(xué)生都被分配了一匹“看護(hù)馬”——他們負(fù)責(zé)飼養(yǎng)和照顧的動(dòng)物。A.talented有才華的；B.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；C.perfect完美的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)下文“feedingmy“carehorse”,cleaningitandcheckingitforsignsofinjury”可知，參與該項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生需要負(fù)責(zé)飼養(yǎng)和照顧馬匹。故選B。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然該項(xiàng)目對(duì)青少年是免費(fèi)的，但參與該項(xiàng)目需要其他類(lèi)型的投入。A.joining參加；B.donating捐贈(zèng)；C.volunteering自愿做；D.instructing指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“feedingmy“carehorse”,cleaningitandcheckingitforsignsofinjury”可知，作者需要喂馬，清洗馬，檢查馬是否有受傷的跡象，由此可知，此處指參與該項(xiàng)目需要這種時(shí)間與精力的投入。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：四年前，一個(gè)朋友第一次告訴我這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，說(shuō)它可以讓我在下午免費(fèi)騎馬的時(shí)候照顧馬。A.watchingfor等待；B.appealingto吸引；C.lookingafter照顧；D.tryingout嘗試。根據(jù)上文“ananimaltheyare________forraisingandcaringfor”可知，參與該項(xiàng)目的人在免費(fèi)騎馬的同時(shí)要照顧馬。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，當(dāng)我看到我的大馬時(shí)，我很害怕。A.excited興奮的；B.worried擔(dān)心的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.frightened害怕的。根據(jù)下文“thefearIhad________towardsthehorsewaslonggone”可知，后來(lái)作者對(duì)馬的恐懼消失了，因此一開(kāi)始是很害怕。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的練習(xí)，我對(duì)馬的恐懼早已消失了。A.borne懷有（某種情感）；B.expressed表達(dá)；C.caused引起；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)上文“thefearIhad”和下文“towardsthehorse”可推知，此處指對(duì)馬懷有的恐懼的心理。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興能騎馬。A.chosen選擇；B.afraid害怕的；C.recommended推薦；D.delighted高興的。根據(jù)上文“Aftermonthsofpractice,however,thefearIhad________towardsthehorsewaslonggone.”可知，經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的練習(xí)，作者不再害怕馬，因此是很高興能騎馬。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一切都要?dú)w功于這些努力：喂我的“看護(hù)馬”，清洗它，檢查它是否有受傷的跡象。A.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；B.tests測(cè)試；C.efforts努力；D.hopes希望。根據(jù)下文“feedingmy“carehorse”,cleaningitandcheckingitforsignsofinjury”可知，喂“看護(hù)馬”，清洗它，檢查它是否有受傷的跡象，都是作者付出的努力。故選C。【30題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但我覺(jué)得這次經(jīng)歷與我最初想象的完全不同。A.actually實(shí)際上；B.originally最初；C.finally最后；D.luckily幸運(yùn)地。從句用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，再根據(jù)上文“IthoughttheexperiencewasdifferentfromanythingIhad”和下文“imagined”可推知，此處指和作者最初想象的完全不同。故選B?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：許多孩子報(bào)名參加了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，他們的媽媽對(duì)Hi總是評(píng)價(jià)很高：這個(gè)項(xiàng)目非常成功。A.paid支付；B.waited等待；C.entered報(bào)名；D.searched搜索。根據(jù)下文“theirmomsalwaysspeakhighlyofHi”可知，孩子們的媽媽對(duì)Hi總是評(píng)價(jià)很高，由此可知，孩子們是報(bào)名參加了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，有了實(shí)際的體驗(yàn)。故選C。【32題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多孩子報(bào)名參加了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，他們的媽媽對(duì)Hi總是評(píng)價(jià)很高：這個(gè)項(xiàng)目非常成功。A.competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；B.treat款待；C.award獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D.success成功。根據(jù)上文“theirmomsalwaysspeakhighlyofHi”可知，孩子們的媽媽對(duì)Hi總是評(píng)價(jià)很高，因此這個(gè)項(xiàng)目非常成功。故選D。【33題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們很有必要按時(shí)來(lái)這里。A.natural自然的；B.possible可能的；C.necessary必要的；D.usual通常的。根據(jù)上文“Hiisstrictwiththekids.”可知，Hi對(duì)孩子很?chē)?yán)格，因此是認(rèn)為孩子們很有必要按時(shí)來(lái)這里。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不去上課，你就會(huì)被踢出這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。A.attending定期去；B.buying購(gòu)買(mǎi)；C.organizing組織；D.enjoying享受。根據(jù)上文“You’llbekickedofftheprogram”可推知，在不去上課的情況下，孩子們會(huì)被踢出這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)attendclass意為“上課”。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“看著這些孩子和他們的馬建立關(guān)系是值得的，”他說(shuō)。A.shocking震驚的；B.unbelievable難以置信的；C.understandable可理解的；D.rewarding值得的。根據(jù)上文“TheprogramwasputforwardbyHi”和“helpinginner-citykidsfindcourageandconfidencethroughridinghorses”可知，Hi提出了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，希望幫助貧民區(qū)的孩子通過(guò)騎馬找到勇氣和信心，因此對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)，看著這些孩子和他們的馬建立關(guān)系是值得的。故選D。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Studentscontrolshadowpuppets(皮影木偶)asthesingingvoiceof71-year-oldLiuAibangechoes(回蕩)acrosstheclassroom.Theyusethinstraightpiecesofwood____36____(make)shadowpuppetsstepontothe“stage”—aclothscreen.Those____37____(sit)infrontofthestageplaymusicondrums,Suonahorns(嗩吶)andotherinstruments.ThisisaDaoqingshadowpuppetryclassatLongdongUniversity.ExceptLiu,____38____otherperformersoftheshowareallcollegestudents.StartingintheHanDynasty,Daoqingshadowpuppetry____39____(include)inthenationalintangibleculturalheritagelist(國(guó)家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄)since2006.Inthepast,shadowplays____40____(welcome)bypeopleofallages,andwereoftenperformedduringthefestivals.____41____,withfilmsandsoapoperasbecomingpopularinthelate1980s,manyperformersmovedontootherjobs.____42____(face)withthechoicebetweenprotectingthis