專題18 9BU2-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析（江蘇專用）

專題189BU2-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析單元話題GreatpeopleReading重點詞匯、詞組和句型Grammar初中六種時態(tài)的用法總結知識點囊括知識點囊括一、重點詞組、句型1.inventorn發(fā)明者，發(fā)明家aninventorthegreatestinventorinhistoryinventvinventmyfavouritefood發(fā)明了我最喜愛的食物inventionn發(fā)明，創(chuàng)意createover1000inventions創(chuàng)造了1000多項發(fā)明explorern探險者，考察者anexplorerexplorev探索，探討exploreouterspace探索太空3.fightern斗士，戰(zhàn)斗者，戰(zhàn)斗機afighterfortherightsofblackAfricansfightv打架，為…而戰(zhàn)（fight-fought-fought）fightforfreedom為自由而戰(zhàn)n打架haveafightwithsb與某人打了一架4.AsiaAfricaEuropeAmericaItalyRussiaEnglandFranceAsianAfricanEuropeanAmericanItalianRussianEnglishFrenchGermanyChinaJapanAustraliaGermanChineseJapaneseAustralian5.pilotn飛行員licence(license)n執(zhí)照，許可照Eg:Hereceivedhisstudentpilot’slicencewhenhewas16.他16歲時拿到了他的飛機學員執(zhí)照6.navyn海軍jointhenavy加入海軍7.servevi.vt.服役，服務，招待servesbserveasapilot作為一名飛行員服務servicen.服務beinservice8.testv測試，測驗testalltypesofaircraft測試各種類型的飛機n檢驗測試passthetest9.astronauntn宇航員bechosentobecomeanastronaut被選為一名宇航員10.spacecraft(單復同)宇宙飛船，航天器managetojointwospacecrafttogetherforthefirsttime成功將兩個航天器交會對接11.spinv快速旋轉（spin-spun/span-spun）beginspinning開始旋轉12.controln控制outofcontrol失去控制，無法管理v控制(control-controlled-controlled,controlling)13.ordern命令，指揮，要求receivetheordertocuttheflightshort收到縮短航程的命令v命令ordersb.(not)todosth.命令某人（不）做某事14.thePacificOcean太平洋theIndianOcean印度洋theArcticOcean北冰洋theAtlantic(Ocean)大西洋landvivt（使）著落，（使）降落landsafely安全降落landthespacecraftontheMoonn陸地onland在陸地上ontheland在這片土地上，務農16.stepn一步Eg:Onesmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.(一)人的一小步,人類的一大步。vi走，跨步(step-stepped)stepoutonto…跨出去到….上面17.surfacen表面，表層theMoon’ssurface月球的表面18.further（far-farther/further-farthest/furthest）adj更多的，更進一步的goabroadforfurtherstudy出國進修takebacktotheEarthforfurtherresearch返回地球做更深的研究19.citizenn公民，市民aUScitizen20.priden驕傲，可引以為豪的人（或物）theprideofthewholeworld全世界的驕傲proudadjbeproudof以…而自豪Weareproudofourcountry.21.passagen章節(jié)，樂段readapassage22.byhand手工washtheirclothesbyhand23.scientistn科學家marryaFrenchscientist24.professorn教授ProfessorWang王教授25.discoveryn發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)物thediscoveryofradium26.unknownadj未知的，不出名的bebestknownfor...最為人知的Eg:Itwasbraveofhimtogotoaplacethatwasunknowntohumansatthattime.他很勇敢，到一個當時人類未知的地方去。27.widelyadv廣泛地，普遍地bewidelyusedinhospitals被廣泛應用于醫(yī)院28.hungern饑餓seepeopledieofhunger看到人們死于饑餓29.happentodosth碰巧做某事sthhappentosb30.advantagen優(yōu)勢i，有利條件havemanyadvantagesoverothers比起其他有許多優(yōu)點disadvantage劣勢31.increasevt增加increaseby+數(shù)字表示具體數(shù)量增加increaseto…….增加到…….32.productionn生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)量increasericeproduction增加水稻產(chǎn)量33.developmentndevelopmentofbetterriceplants發(fā)展更優(yōu)良水稻植物的發(fā)展developvdevelopagoodreadinghabit培養(yǎng)好的閱讀習慣adjdevelopedcountries發(fā)達國家developingcountries發(fā)展中國家二、語法Grammar1．動詞的6種時態(tài)時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式，表示動作發(fā)生的時間和狀態(tài)。時態(tài)謂語動詞形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時be動詞、行為動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式1.Ilikesports.2.Helikessports.3.Sheisagoodteacher.一般過去時be動詞、行為動詞過去式Wehadagreattimeyesterday.一般將來時will/shall/begoingto+動詞原形Theywillgotothecinemanextweek.2.Heisgoingtohaveapicnicwithhisfamilytomorrow.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式MyparentsarewatchingTVnow.2.Iamlookingformypurse.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+動詞的過去分詞LilyhaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.過去進行時was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式Weweretalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.2．現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別及?？键c一、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：(1)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。例：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(2)過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。例：IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.二、現(xiàn)在完成時基本結構：have/has+done標志詞:already,just,yet,ever,never,recently,inthepast3years,before,sofar/bynow,overtheyears,since+時間點/過去時態(tài)的句子,for+時間段等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的異同點：共同點：動作都在過去。不同點：和現(xiàn)在有無關系。(與現(xiàn)在有關的過去動作用現(xiàn)在完成，與現(xiàn)在無關的過去動作用一般過去。)例：①Ihaveinterviewedthefamouswriter.(我已經(jīng)完成采訪任務，我對他已經(jīng)有所了解了。)②Iinterviewedthefamouswriteryesterday.(昨天我做的一件事，不涉及現(xiàn)在。)總結：觀察第二句中有明顯的一般過去時標志語“yesterday”,因此做題時最簡單的判斷就是找有無明顯的一般過去時時間狀語，如果有則選擇一般過去時，沒有的話要根據(jù)語境和上下文動詞的時態(tài)判斷過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在有無影響，有影響選用現(xiàn)在完成時，沒有影響選擇一般過去時。四、since和for的用法區(qū)別和聯(lián)系用于描述一個發(fā)生在過去，并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者可能還要延續(xù)到將來的動作。常和for和since連用。(1)since的用法A.since后可加時間點。例：WehavelearnedEnglishsincenearlythreeyearsago.B.since引導時間狀語從句時，后面的時間狀語從句動詞用一般過去時，主句動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(2)for的用法：for后加一段時間。例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactoryfortenmonths.(3)since和for用法的相互轉換：for+一段時間=since+一段時間+ago例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactorysincetenmonthsago./WehavelearnedEnglishfornearlythreeyears.【拓展】此外還有“Itis+段時間+since”的句型。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.=ItisnineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(4)對since和for的提問用howlong。例：--HowlonghaveyoubeeninNanjing?--Forthreeyears./Sincethreeyearsago.五、have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasbeento：曾經(jīng)去過，強調以往的經(jīng)歷。例：TheoldmanhasbeentoEgyptwhenhewasyoung.have/hasgoneto：去了某地，強調還沒有回來。例：--Whereisyouruncle?--Hehasgonetothesupermarket.have/hasbeenin：待在某地，住在某地。例：Mr.Smithhasbeeninthelabforovertenhours.六、延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成時與一段時間連用時應注意句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，非延續(xù)性動詞不能和一段時間連用。例：這本書我從圖書館已經(jīng)借了兩個多星期了。誤：Ihavealreadyborrowedthebookforovertwoweeks.正：Ihavealreadykeptthebookforovertwoweeks.(2)非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間狀語連用時可采用將非延續(xù)性動詞轉化為延續(xù)性動詞的方式。如：come—behere；go—bethere;die--bedead;borrow--keep;buy--have;join--bein(beamember);leave--beaway等。批注：補充強調一下，非延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，只是不能與一段時間連用。非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinish/endbeoverdiebedeadjoinbein/beamemberofleavebeawayfromarrive/reachbeheregetmarriedbemarried三、詞組歸納1.widelyadv.廣泛地openyourmouthwideEnglishiswidelyused.同high-highlyclose-closely2.advantagen.優(yōu)勢（可數(shù)）disadvantagen.劣勢（可數(shù)）3.atpresent現(xiàn)在進行時標志詞atthemomentthesedays4.doyouthink做插入語Whodoyouthinkisthegreatestpersoninhistory?在做動詞填空題時，如果疑問詞后面出現(xiàn)doyouthink，可以刪除后再做。5.inhistory注意不加冠詞inspace在太空中注意不加冠詞6.第一個做某事的人thefirstmantodo某人第一次做某事It’sthefirsttimethatsb.hasdone....7.furtherresearch進一步研究注意research不可數(shù)8.thepioneerofChina’sspacetechnologyprogramme中國太空科技項目的先鋒9.afighterfortherightsofSouthAfricansallhislife一生為南非人爭取權利的斗士10.thefirstEuropeantodiscoverAmerica第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的歐洲人11.takeone’sfirstflight第一次乘飛機12.thepilot’slicence(apieceofpaperthatshowsyouareallowedtodosth)飛行員執(zhí)照13.serveasatestpilot/anastronaut(apersonwhotravelstospace)作為試飛員/宇航員服役14.managetojointwospacecrafttogether設法成功對接兩艘宇宙飛船15.beginspinning(turnroundandroundquickly)outofcontrol開始旋轉失去控制16.receivetheordertocuttheflightshort收到縮短航程的命令17.bring---downintothePacificOcean/land---ontheMoon使--落入太平洋/著落到月球18.Onesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind個人一小步，人類一大步19.stepoutontotheMoon’ssurface(theoutsideortoppartofsth)跨步走到月球表面20.theprideof---//takepridein--/beproudof-----的驕傲/以--自豪21.inancienttimes//byhand在古時候/手工/22.withtheinventionofthewashingmachine隨著洗衣機的發(fā)明23.discoverradiuminthelaboratory在實驗室里發(fā)現(xiàn)鐳24.wintheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthediscoveryof--因--的發(fā)現(xiàn)而贏得諾貝爾物理獎25.beunknowntohumans//beknownfor--/as---對人類不出名/因--而被26.pushfortheuseof---推動了---的使用27.bewidelyusedinhospitalatpresent目前在醫(yī)院被廣泛使用28.beginfurtherresearchinto---開始進一步研究---29.happentofindanaturalhybridriceplant碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)一株野生雜交水稻30.havemanyadvantagesoverothers有很多優(yōu)于其它(水稻)的優(yōu)點31.Riceproductionhasbeenincreasedby20%水稻產(chǎn)量已增長了20%32.solvetheproblemofhunger解決饑餓問題33.單詞citizen(apersonwholivesinacountryandenjoyrightsthere)市民34.passageaircraftprofessortitleagriculturenavy易錯題分析易錯題分析語法部分：一、單項選擇1.-Whatisyourmotherdoing,Linda?-She___________dinnerinthekitchennow.（淮安）A.iscooking B.wascooking C.cook D.cooking2.-Wherearetheteachersnow?-Inthemeetingroom.They_________themeetingfor10minutes.（淮安）A.havebegun B.havebeenon C.havehad D.havebeenheld3.It'sreportedthemedalsforthe2020OlympicGamesinTokyo__________from100%recycledmaterial.（連云港）A.aremaking B.havemade C.ismade D.willbemade4．﹣Wendy，howlonghaveyouhadtheHuaweiP30Pro？﹣Acoupleofdays．I______itlastweek．（南京）A．bought B．buy C．willbuy D．havebought5.TheChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeamhasbroughthelpandhopetopeopleindisastersaroundtheworldsinceit______18yearsago．（南京）A．setup B．issetup C．wassetup D．willbesetup6.—Iseveryonehere,Jonathan?—No.Sir.Millieisabsent.Shefortwodays.（南通）A.hasfallenill B.hasbeenill C.fellill D.wasill7.Amon____________hisshipinabigstormwhenagiantfishcameoutofthesea.（蘇州）A.willsail B.issailing C.wassailingD.hassailed8.-HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?-Ofcourse.Actually,I_________thereforsixyearsbutnowIliveinTaizhou.（泰州）A.worked B.wasworking C.wouldwork D.haveworked9.Since2009,ModernFamily____________usthefunny,sadandmovingstoriesofthreeAmericanfamilies.（宿遷）A.hasgiven B.willgive C.gave D.gives10.-ThedramaseriesTheThunder(破冰行動)hitsscreensthesedays.-Oh.Whatapity!I____________anyofthemyet,（鎮(zhèn)江）A.doesn'twatch B.didn'twatch C.won'twatch D.haven'twatched11.Everysummer,manyforeigners_____toHainanforvacations.A.comesB.cameC.comeD.coming12.--Isyourmotheranurse?--Yes,sheis.She____inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.worksC.workedD.working13.--Where’syourmother,Lucy?--She_____TVintheroom.A.watchesB.watchedC.iswatchingD.watching14.Doyouknowifhe______backnextweek?Ifhe________back,pleaseletmeknow.A.comes;willcomeB.willcome;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;comes15.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25___________ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe【答案】ABDACBCAADCBCCA二、動詞填空Frog(write)bytheChinesewriterMoYanispopularamongchildren.【答案】writtenThepackageyou’relookingforwardto (arrive)justnow.【答案】arrived—Isyourfatherathome? —No,I’mafraidhe(go)out.【答案】hasgoneInancienttimes,people (use)salttohelpthemkeepfishormeatforalongtime.【答案】wereusedto—Jane,Ican’tfindMikeintheplayground.—Oh,He (play)thepianointhemusicroom.【答案】isplayingIthinkitveryniceofyou(send)myparentsyourbestwishes.【答案】tosendShe (serve)thekitchenwhenthelightwentout.【答案】wasserving61.Whatdoyouthink (happen)toJohnifhefindshiscarhasbeenstolen?【答案】happened詞匯句型部分：一、單項選擇()1.—Shestudiedmathsandphysicsin________university.—Yes.Shewassuch________unusualwomanscientist.A.a;aB.a;anC.an;anD.an;a()2.—Whatdoyouthink________Armstrongsofamous?—Hisexcellentservice.A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.make()3.Shegotuptogetsomesleepingpillsbutfoundtherewas________leftathome.A.nothingB.noneC.somethingD.nobody()4.Wasitin1969________theAmericanspacemensucceeded________landingonthemoon?A.when;inB.when;/C.that;inD.that;with()5.China,________oneofthegreatfourcountrieswithancientcivilizations,isbest－known________itsgreatdevelopmentinallthefieldsovertheyears.A.as;asB.as;forC.for;asD.for;for()6.—Whatwouldsomestudentsliketodoafterfinishingtheireducation?—Theywouldliketostarttowork________theyneedn'tdependontheirparentscompletely.A.assoonasB.sothatC.beforeD.while()7.________wonderfulnewsprogramwearewatching!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa()8.Thebornartistdevotedallthetimehehad________forsomethingbetterordifferent.A.searchB.searchedC.tosearchD.tosearching()9.MarieCurie________theuseofX-raymachines,whicharenowwidelyusedinhospitals.A.putawayB.putoutC.pushedinD.pushedfor()10.It'sbrave________youtogotoaplacethat________unknowntohumans.A.of;/B.of;wasC.for;/D.for;were()11.—Hehardlycaughtthetrainyesterdayafternoon,________he?—________，becausehegotuplateandtherewastoomuchtrafficontheroad.A.did;Yes,hedidB.didn't;Yes,hedidC.did;No,hedidn'tD.didn't;No,hedidn't()12.Eachtimeamedal________awinner,themusicwasplayed.A.ispresentedtoB.presentedtoC.waspresentedtoD.waspresentedwith()13.Youneverknowhowmuchdifficultywehad________theproblem.Luckily,wemanagedtosolveitwithMrsWu'shelp.A.workingoutB.workoutC.workedoutD.toworkout()14.—ThankyouforhelpingmelookaftermycatwhileIwasaway.—________！A.WithpleasureB.It'smypleasureC.Itdoesn'tmatterD.Noproblem()15.—Doyouknow________thisafternoon?—I'mnotsure,butI'lltellyouassoonasshe________.A.whattimewill