基于語篇結構分析的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類說明文解題技巧 課件-高三英語一輪復習

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基于語篇結構分析的說明文解題技巧-ByAliceXuLearningObjectives:1.Toinspirestudentstoexploresomeusefulstrategiesforhandlingexpositoryessays.2.Tomotivatestudentstosolvesimilarproblemsusingtheabovestrategies.3.Todevelopstudents’thinkingqualitiesinpracticingreadingcomprehension.01Introduction考情介紹02Practice真題演練03Strategies解題策略04Conclusion總結CONTENTS目錄VirgoPerfectionismAreyouworriedthat......?CheckyourselfCan`thelptranslatingeverywordtoChinese.Havetoreadthroughthewholepassage.butlackofvocabulary.Sospendtoomuchtime.GeminiVersatileAreyouworriedthat......?CheckyourselfHavequickmindsbutshortattentionspan.Impatientwithdetailedanalysis.Startwithenthusiambutstruggletoreaduntiltheend.Trytocovertoomanypointswithoutanalysis.AriesDynamicAreyouworriedthat......?Checkyourselfbutimpulsive.ChooseanwerstoohastyortooearlyFrustratedeasily.Giveuponchallengingpassages.Takeactionquickly,Feelallthechoicesarecorrect.Can`tseetheForestforthetrees

只見樹木，不見森林BreakingtheiceHowcanwebecomeasmarterreader?01Introduction考情介紹近三年新課標I卷閱讀理解說明文概況試卷名稱篇目主題語境話題體裁說明對象2024年新課標Ⅰ卷C人與自我紙質閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學習方式的差異和效果說明文社會現(xiàn)象D人與社會數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏差說明文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)2023年新課標Ⅰ卷C人與自我數(shù)字極簡生活方式說明文新理論D人與社會“群體智慧”效應說明文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)2022年新課標Ⅰ卷C人與社會關愛養(yǎng)老院老人的養(yǎng)老項目說明文新做法D人與社會人類語言發(fā)展與農(nóng)業(yè)的關系說明文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1.WhatcanwelearnaboutXXXfromthefirstparagraph?WhatisParagraphXintentedtoshow?\Whatdoesthestudy\researchfocuson?......2.Whatdoessb.suggest?\What`ssb`sattitudetoXXX?WhatdoestheauthorimplyinXXX?3.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordXXXmean?......4.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutXXX?WhydoestheauthormentionXXX?5.Why...\Whatdoessthleadto...\Whatcanbelearntfrom...?6.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?Whatisthetext?\Whatisthepurposeofthistext?Howisthetextmainlyorganized?說明文?？碱}目類型考查段落大意考查態(tài)度觀點考查詞意猜測考查推理判斷考查細節(jié)理解

考查文章主旨(包含標題\目的\組織方式)Exposition

tointroducetodescribeanobjectaresearchreport\findingasocialphenomenon●Whatisexpositoryessay?

purposeSubject(說明對象）研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類02Strategies解題策略Strategy1:

UseTexualStructureformainideasofthepassageandeachparagraph.

運用語篇結構明確文章主旨、段落大意Researchreport/findingResearchfinding研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Processofresearch研究過程Suggestions/Evaluation/Furtherstudy研究建議/意義TopicparagraphSubparagraphsProblems/methodsThepurposeSupportingevidenceoftheresearchTextualStructure語篇結構EndingparagraphsIntroductionStrategiesPracticeConclusionAnalysis原因/結果分析

①Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood（幼兒期）isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.

②Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament（性格）.Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler'swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend'sbehavior.

③Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That‘swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler‘ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.

④Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy（“Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?”）,thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem（“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”）.Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy（同理心）towardafriend,praisehim（“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”）.

⑤Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey'resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey'rerefreshed.2024年1月九省聯(lián)考閱讀理解D篇S1：運用語篇結構明確文章主旨、段落大意Tip1:Howtofindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph?ReadthefirstandlastsentenceofeachparagraphWatchfortheTransistionsLookforKeyswordsandPhrasesCheckforRepetition(e.g.but/however/though/although/furthernmore/inaddition/therefore...)(e.g.theprimaryreason,oneofthekeyfactors,animportantfactors，asignificantresult.)80%15%～5%①Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood（幼兒期）isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.②Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament（性格）.Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioState

UniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler'swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend'sbehavior.③Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.

Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That‘swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler‘ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.④Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy（“Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?”）,thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem（“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”）.Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy（同理心）towardafriend,praisehim（“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”）.⑤Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey'resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey'rerefreshed.2024年1月九省聯(lián)考閱讀理解D篇ThematicContext:HumenandSociety

(主題語境：人與社會)Mainidea:Toddlerisanimportanttimetoformpositiverelationshipsandsocialbehaviors(主旨:幼兒時期是形成友誼和社交技能的重要時期)S1：運用語篇結構明確文章主旨、段落大意①Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood（幼兒期）isanimportanttimefor

friendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.②Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament（性格）.Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler'swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend'sbehavior.③Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.

Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That‘swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler‘ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.④Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy（“Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?”）,thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem（“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”）.Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy（同理心）towardafriend,praisehim（“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”）.⑤Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey'resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey'rerefreshed.2024年1月九省聯(lián)考閱讀理解D篇P2:Process--SupportingevidenceoftheresearchP1:Researchfinding--thesignificanceoffriendshipintoddlerhoodP3:Analysis--Prombles&suggestionsP4-5:ExamplesofSuggestions--LearnsympathyUsewordsScheduleproperplaytime.32.Whatdoesitindicatewhentoddlerscopytheirplaymates'behavior?33.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirkids?34.Whatisthefunction

ofthequotedstatementsinparagraph4?35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?P1:ResearchFindingP3:AnalysisP4:SuggestionsP1:ResearchFindingS1：運用語篇結構明確文章主旨、段落大意①IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.②

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”③Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.④“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.⑤Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.⑥Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?⑦“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”2024年新高考I卷D篇S1：運用語篇結構明確文章主旨、段落大意Tip1:Howtofindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph?ReadthefirstandlastsentenceofeachparagraphWatchfortheTransistionsLookforKeyswordsandPhrasesCheckforRepetition(e.g.but/however/though/although/furthernmore/inaddition/therefore...)(e.g.theprimaryreason,oneofthekeyfactors,animportantfactorsasihnificantresult.)80%15%～5%①IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.②

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”③Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.④“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.⑤Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.⑥Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?⑦“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”2024年新高考I卷D篇ThematicContext:HumenandSociety

(主題語境：人與社會)Mainidea:DigitalrecordsofBiodiversityarebiased(主旨:數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在偏差)S1：運用語篇結構明確文章主旨、段落大意2024年新高考I卷D篇①IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.②

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”③Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.④“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.⑤Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.⑥Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?⑦“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”P1:NewFindingP2-4：Process：（P2-Purpose

P3-MethodsP4-Results）P5：AnalysisP6-7:Suggestions32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?33.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?P1:NewFindingP2:PurposeP4-5:ResultAnalysisP7:SuggestionsS1：運用語篇結構明確文章主旨、段落大意

①Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood（幼兒期）isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.

②Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament（性格）.Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler'swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend'sbehavior.③Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Through……Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.④Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy（“Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?”）,thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem（“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”）.Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy（同理心）towardafriend,praisehim（“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”）.⑤Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey'resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey'rerefreshed.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?HowChildrenAdapttoChangesB.HowtoBeaRoleModelforChildrenC.HowYourBabyLearnstoLoveD.HowtoCommunicatewithYourKidTip2:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類文章如下的句式是文章主旨的關鍵詞：Researchershavefoundthat...accordingtoastudy...Arecentresearchshowsthat....Studiesshowthat...2024年1月九省聯(lián)考閱讀理解D篇主旨大意題IntroductionStrategiesPracticeConclusion

①Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood（幼兒期）isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.

②Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament（性格）.Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler'swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend'sbehavior.③Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Through……Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.

④Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?”),thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”).Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy（同理心）towardafriend,praisehim(“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”).⑤Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey'resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey'rerefreshed.34.Whatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementsinparagraph4?Givingexamples.

B.Explainingconcepts.C.Providingevidence.D.Makingcomparisons.2024年1月九省聯(lián)考閱讀理解D篇段落大意題Tip3:此外，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)類段落功能還有：1)Introductio/Backgroundinformation/raisequestions（一般為首段）2)Offersuggestions3)Drawconclusions4)Predictfuturetrends/prospects...IntroductionStrategiesPracticeConclusionStrategy2:

UseLogicRelation&WordsforreasonableInference.

利用邏輯關系進行合理推斷①Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood（幼兒期）isanimportanttimefor

friendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.②Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament（性格）.Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler'swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend'sbehavior.③Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.

Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That‘swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler‘ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.④Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy（“Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?”）,thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem（“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”）.Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy（同理心）towardafriend,praisehim（“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”）.⑤Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey'resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey'rerefreshed.2024年1月九省聯(lián)考閱讀理解D篇P2:Process--SupportingevidenceoftheresearchP1:Researchfinding--thesignificanceoffriendshipintoddlerhoodP3:Analysis--Prombles&suggestionsP4-5:ExamplesofSuggestions--LearnsympathyUsewordsScheduleproperplaytime.33.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirkids?Designgamesforthem.B.Findthemsuitableplaymates.C.Playtogetherwiththem.D.Helpthemunderstandsocialrules.S2：利用邏輯合理推斷P3:Analysis--Prombles&suggestions

③Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That‘swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler‘ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.STEP2：圈關鍵詞STEP1：利用篇章結構定位信息段STEP3：找邏輯關系，比對選項推理判斷題Tip4:CommonLogicRelation&Words常見邏輯關系causeandeffect因果關系explanation解釋關系Parallelandprogressive并列/遞進關系transition轉折關系Q&A問答關系and,also,besides,similarly,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,then,first,second…that`swhy,because,for,since,as,thus,so,dueto,therefore,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,betoblame,accountfor…...but,however,yet,onthecontrary,otherwise,ontheotherhand,bycontrast,ratherthan…inotherwords,thatistosay…infact，actually,forexample,forinstance,like......Referencerelation指代關系it,this,that,they,them,those,which,one......②

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”2024年新高考I卷D篇33.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocus