2021屆高考英語高三-二輪復習：閱讀理解之推理判斷題含答案

閱讀理解之推理判斷題 推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設(shè)題。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(paraphrase)或綜合。常見的題干有： 1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat… 2.Wecanconcludethat… 3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat… 4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?從歷年的高考閱讀理解題分析來看，推理判斷題所占的比例大概在7％-10％，根據(jù)高考對閱讀理解之推理判斷題的考察，在復習備考中，考生應(yīng)該從以下五大題型注意復習：細節(jié)推斷題、因果推斷題、人物性格、預測想象推理題和寫作意圖推測題。細節(jié)推斷題常見的設(shè)問方式： Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________. Theauthormainlysuggeststhat________. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______. Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates_______. Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers? 細節(jié)判斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。干擾項特點： 1.文章中直接用于表達細節(jié)的信息 2.文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論 3.與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論 4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。解題技巧 1.要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。 2.要忠實原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。 3.注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。（2020·全國卷1，B）Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(隨筆)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A．Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B．It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25．WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B．It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D．It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A．DebtB．Reward.C．Allowance.D．Facevalue.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．Helovespoetry.B．He’saneditor.C．He’sveryambitious.D．Heteachesreading.【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的三本書。作者鼓勵讀者去重新閱讀書籍。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.(但是書沒變，人變了。那就是使重新閱讀行為如此豐富和富于變化之處)”和第二段“Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新閱讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我年紀越大，就越覺得時光飛逝。)”可推知，作者喜歡重新閱讀是因為重新閱讀可以擴展對自己的理解。故選D項。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，這本書出版于1964年，這是他關(guān)于20世紀20年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年時對那些野心勃勃卻更簡單的日子的回顧。由此可判斷出AMovableFeast是關(guān)于海明威年輕時的生活。故選B項。26．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(雖然金錢確實是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意為“但是但重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報”。故選B項。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本書是胡里奧·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:詩歌精選》，因為詩歌)”可知，作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項。ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth,Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers’questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots,butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway,thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberius,wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks,IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctsinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride,Itookthebus,butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool,Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers,whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater,onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen,I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica,sky-divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU.S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends,IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.1.By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inparagraph1),theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas______.A.sickofridingonabumpybus B.nervousofmeetingstrangersC.upsetaboutthesuddenchange D.sorryabouttheimpracticalplan2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A.Courageousbutdisrespectful. B.Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C.Warmheartedandtrustworthy. D.Homelessbutlighthearted.3.Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat______.A.shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackers B.itmightcausetroubletohaveaswimC.sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackers D.itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B.Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C.Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D.Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者原本與朋友約好去旅游，卻被放了鴿子，她決定一個人去。途中她遇見了五個背包客，這些背包客邀請她一起去旅游，她和這些人一起經(jīng)歷了美好的幾天，并和他們成了好朋友。1.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend,Iexplained,butwhenIcalledherthatmorning,shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.”可知作者被朋友放鴿子了，被放鴿子肯定是失望的，C項（因為突然的變化而感到沮喪的）最符合作者此時的心情，所以選C。2.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)““Whydon’tyoutravelwithus?”oneofthebackpackersoffered”可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游，說明他們很熱心；根據(jù)“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths,save,thentravelforaslongastheycould”可知這些背包客旅游經(jīng)驗很豐富，所以是值得信任的，綜合選C。3.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers,butmyinstinctsaidyes.”可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游時，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感說了“好”，也就是說她的第六感讓她相信她能和這些背包客相處的很好，才會答應(yīng)他們的邀請，故選A。4.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.”可知作者覺得自己選擇一個人旅游讓自己看到了更大的世界，再結(jié)合最后一句“ThoughIwashappyshewasallright,Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.”可知作者慶幸她的朋友沒有接她的電話。由此可以判斷作者認為自己選擇一個人去旅行是一個很好的決定，故選D。預測推斷題常見的設(shè)問方式： Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout_______. Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph? 有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，這就要求考生根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，對事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進行預測、推斷。作這類題時考生應(yīng)準確把握作者的寫作思路，從而作出比較準確的、合情合理的猜測。 解題技巧做這類題時應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述)，從而做出比較科學的、合情合理的預測。 做這類題時應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述)，從而做出比較科學的、合情合理的預測。（2018﹒新課標全國卷Ⅱ，B）ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì)),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.zx.x.kIfyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert. B.Adrink.C.Acontainer. D.Amachine.27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Atravelbrochure.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇日常生活類說明文。文中講述了人們熱愛水果豐盛的7月，這時候各種水果營養(yǎng)豐富且含有對人體有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我們可以利用它做一些孩子喜歡的甜點或冰淇淋。24.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干問的是，作者喜歡櫻桃什么。根據(jù)第二段中Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?（至于櫻桃，因為它們很好吃誰在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故選C。26.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知，孩子們喜歡把一些水果和冷凍的香蕉放入到這臺機器的上部，然后看到冰激凌從下面出來。故可以推出ajuicer就是一臺機器。故選D。27.B【解析】文章出處題。文章首先指出七月是水果盛產(chǎn)的季節(jié)，并指出各種水果富含的營養(yǎng)，最后一段指出我們可以用ajuicer為孩子們做一些甜點和冰激凌，故最可能是從健康雜志上摘取的文章。A項意為：生物教科書；B項意為：一本健康雜志；C項意為：一篇研究論文；D項意為：一本旅游手冊。故選B。In1971wewerelivinginWichita,Kansas—Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwasababy.Momwasstayingwithusduringtheholidays.OnChristmasEveIstayedupverylate.Iwastotallyalonewithmythoughts,alternatingbetweenjoyandsorrow,andIgottothinkaboutmypaperroute(送報),thattree,whatmymotherhadsaidtomeandhowdadhadtriedtomakethingsbetter. IheardanoiseinthekitchenanddiscoveredthatitwasMom.Shecouldn’tsleepeitherandhadgottenuptomakeherselfacupofhotteawhichmadeherfeelbetter.Asshewaitedforthewatertoboil,shewalkedintothelivingroomanddiscoveredmethere.ShesawmyopenBibleandaskedmewhatIwasreading.WhenItoldher,sheaskedifIwouldreadittoherandIdid. Whenthekettlebegantowhistle,shewentandmadehertea.Shecameback.ItoldherhowhappyIwasthatshewaswithusforChristmasandhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtoseehisgrandchildrenandtoenjoythistimebecausehealwayslovedChristmassomuch.Shewentveryquietforamomentandthenshesaid,"DoyourememberthattimeonTwelveMileRoadwhenyouboughtthattreewithyourpaperroutemoney?" "Yes,"Isaid,"I’vejustbeenthinkingaboutityouknow." Shehesitatedforalongmoment,asthoughsomethingwasbottledupsodeeplyinsidehersoulthatitmighttakecouragetogetitout.Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,"Oh,son,pleaseforgiveme.ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid."Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph?A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas.B.Howtheauthor’sfathersupportedthefamily.C.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sparentsinthepast.D.Thereasonfortheauthor’sparents’divorce. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。我和三個孩子以及我的母親居住在一起。圣誕前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外發(fā)現(xiàn)母親也未入睡,當我們回憶往事時,她失聲痛哭?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段母親所說的話"ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid"可推知,母親想起了以前圣誕節(jié)的事,對自己所做的事感到難過;據(jù)此可以判斷,下文將敘述發(fā)生在作者父母身上的故事,故C項正確。文章來源或讀者對象題 常見的設(shè)問方式： Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_______. Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________. Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom? 文章來源或讀者對象推斷題要求考生具備一定的常識。因此考生本身要對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普知識、小說、童話、廣告、教材、說明書、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能在做題時根據(jù)文章的特點選出答案。（2019·全國卷I，C）Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來越普遍，目前，向指紋掃描等這些技術(shù)仍然是昂貴的。本文介紹了一種新的科技——智能鍵盤，它能給e-space用戶帶來安全，而且這項技術(shù)也不貴。31.D【解析】推理判斷題。本文介紹了一種新的科技——智能鍵盤，它能給e-space用戶帶來安全，由此可知，本文是關(guān)于科技，結(jié)合所給選項可知，本文可能來自于一本雜志。故選D。When6-year-oldTarrynHenkelmanwalkedthroughagiantblueboxfilledwithtoys,sheknewexactlywhatshewanted.WhensheandherparentswalkedoutoftheGoodwillonPavilionLane,sheheldafold-upblueminibiketightlytoherchest.Heroldminibikerecentlybroke,andshewantedtomovearoundherneighborhoodontwowheelsonceagain.Shehadn’twalkedintothestoreexpectingapresent,butassheandherfamilywalkedpastthecountertheygotaholidaysurprisewhenToddWakefield,Goodwill’sSeniorDirectorofRetail,deliveredsomegoodnews."Allkidstoday,alldaylong,youcangetonefreetoy,orfreekids’book,"hesaid,announcingaspecialtreatmadepossiblebyananonymous(匿名的)donor.Nearlyadecadeago,oneFortCollinsmancutacheckcoveringthecostofeverytoyinthestoreandrepeatediteveryyear,sothatanychildwhowalksthroughthefrontdoorcanpickoutsomethingtotakehomeforfree.Hesaidhedidnotneedrecognitionforhisactofkindness,butsaidthatthisdayhadbecomeanimportantpartofhisfamily’sChristmastradition.Askidscrowdedaroundplasticboxesoverflowingwithtoys,heandhiswifequietlytookinthescenebeforeslippingoutthefrontdoor,unnoticed.Storestaffmemberssetasideextratoysinthedayleadinguptothesurprisegiveawaytomakesurethatnochildleftempty-handedonSaturday.WakefieldwasthestoremanagerattheFortCollinsGoodwillthefirstyeartheanonymousdonorwalkedthroughthefrontdoorandaskedtobuyupthetoysection.EventhoughWakefieldhassincetakenajobatGoodwill’scorporateoffice,hemadeapointofcomingtothisyearlyevent."We’vegotsomeamazingpeoplethroughoutourcommunity,"hesaid."Thisiswhatourbusinessrunson,peoplewillingtogiveandhelptheircommunity."1．WhydidTarrynHenkelmanwantaminibike?A.Tolearntorideit. B.Tosurpriseherneighbors.C.Toshowitoffbeforeherfamily. D.Tobikearoundhercommunity.2．WhatwasaholidaysurpriseforTarrynHenkelman?A.Adonorgavemoneytoher. B.Astrangertreatedhertoapresent.C.Thestoredonatedatoytoher. D.Herparentsboughtaminibikeforher.3．WhichwordscandescribetheFortCollinsman?A.Considerateandsmart. B.Helpfulandoptimistic.C.Generousandkind-hearted. D.Sympatheticandeasy-going.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一位匿名的捐贈者把Goodwill商店玩具區(qū)里的所有物品購買下來，然后作為禮物贈送給孩子們的故事，展現(xiàn)了捐贈者慷慨善良的高尚品質(zhì)，弘揚了社會正能量。1．D【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的最后一句"Heroldminibikerecentlybroke,andshewantedtomovearoundherneighborhoodontwowheelsonceagain"可知，她原來的車壞了，所以她想得到一輛新車，然后再繞著她居住的社區(qū)騎行。故選D。2．B【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的最后一句"‘Allkidstoday,alldaylong,youcangetonefreetoy,orfreekids’book,’hesaid,announcingaspecialtreatmadepossiblebyananonymous(匿名的)donor"及最后一段中的"askedtobuyupthetoysection"可知，一位匿名的捐贈者買下了Goodwill商店玩具區(qū)里的所有物品，并將其中的玩具和兒童讀物免費贈送給來到店里的孩子們，故TarrynHenkelman的節(jié)日驚喜是得到了捐贈者送的禮物，故選B。3．C【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"oneFortCollinsmancutacheckcoveringthecostofeverytoyinthestore...forfree"可知，這個匿名的捐贈者開出了支票來購買Goodwill商店玩具區(qū)里的所有物品，以讓每一個來到商店的孩子都能夠免費得到一個禮物，故可推知這個匿名的捐贈者是慷慨的、善良的。寫作意圖推測題 常見的設(shè)問方式： Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________. 寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及作者運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。一般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點，理解作者的詞句選擇和識別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意圖。（北京卷·D）Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial C.Significant D.Unnoticeable44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesC.PhytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimateD.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.ToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。一項最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象是因為一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因為光線反射的作用，它們在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響。氣候變暖會改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游植物的生長。42.B【解析】段落大意題。第一段“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世紀末，一項新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會變得更藍、更綠。結(jié)合第二段“Attheheartphenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知，這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍色不等，這取決于海洋的類型和浮游植物濃度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。分析選項可知B符合題意，故選B。43.A【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知，氣候變暖會改變海洋的主要特征，并會影響浮游植物的生長。由此可判斷“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swamningtrend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響?？芍狝項正確。44.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型預測，目前只有少量浮游植物的藍色區(qū)域可能會變得更藍。但是在一些水域，比如北極，氣候變暖會使浮游植物的生長條件更加成熟，而這些水域會變得更綠了”。由此可推斷，浮游植物的生長條件更加成熟，浮游動植物就更多了，這些水域會變得更綠了。分析選項可知D項符合題意。45.C【解析】目的意圖題。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知到本世紀末。一項新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會變得更藍、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢的影響，變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，并能影響浮游植物的生長”?？芍疚闹饕忉寶夂蜃兓瘜Ｑ蟮挠绊?。故選C。JameyTurneroftenperformstolargecrowdsinOldTownAlexandria,Virginia.Youcanfindhimplayinganunusualmusicalinstrument,theglassharp(豎琴),nearAlexandria’shistoricwaterfront.Aglassharpismadeupofdifferent-sizeddrinkingglasses,eachcontainingwater.Turnermakesmusicbyrunninghisfingersoverthetopsoftheglasses.Bydoingso,eachglassmakesadifferentmusicalsound.Turneris78yearsoldnow.Hebecameinterestedinplayingtheglassharpattheageofsix,whenheheardhisfatherplayingwithaglassofwateratthedinnertable.Hehasbeenplayingitfor50years.TodayTurnerputstogetherhisinstrumentbyplacing60differentglassesonawoodensoundboard.Heholdstheglassesinplacewithrubberbands,whichkeepsthemfrombreaking.Hethenaddsdifferentamountsofwatertoeachonetocreatedifferentmusicalnotes.Addingortakingawayjustalittlewaterwillchangethesound.Addingwatertoaglasswillmakealowersound.Thesmallerbowlsofwaterproduceahighersound,whilethelargeronesproducealower,deepersound.Turneralwaysuseslow-pricedglassbecauseitsoundsbetterthancostlycrystal(水晶)andhehasmorecontroloverthesound.Beforebuyingnewglasses,hewilltesttheminstores.Theglassharpwaspopular300yearsagowhencomposerslikeWolfgangMozartwrotemusicfortheinstrument.Therehavebeenabout400piecesofmusicwrittenjustfortheglassharp.ButTurnerplaysallkindsofmusic,evenpopularmusicfromChina.Fewpeopleplaytheglassharpthesedays,butTurnersaysheseesvideosofpeopleexperimentingwiththeinstrumentontheInternet.Hehopesthenextgenerationwillcontinuemakingtheirmusic.1．WhatdoweknowaboutTurner?A.Hebeganplayingtheglassharpatsix.B.Heoftenteachesglassharplessonsonline.C.HeisagreatmasteroftheChineselanguage.D.Hewasinspiredbyhisfathertolearntheglassharp.2．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheglassharp?A.ItsinventorisWolfgangMozart.B.Itismadeupofglassesofthesamesize.C.Itappearstobegaininginpopularitytoday.D.Itssoundsareaffectedbytheamountofwaterintheglasses.3．WhydoesTurnerprefertousecheapglass?A.Tosavemoney. B.Toproducebettersounds.C.Tohelprecycledrinkingglasses. D.Toincreasedifficultyinperforming.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AMusicianPleasesCrowdsbyPlayingGlassesB.PlayingtheGlassHarp:aNewTrendC.JameyTurner’sDreamComingTrueD.WonderfulMusicHasNoBorders【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文，杰米·特納經(jīng)常在弗吉尼亞州亞歷山大人群密集的地方演奏玻璃豎琴音樂:敲擊不同大小的盛水的玻璃杯,發(fā)出動聽的樂聲。他不僅能演奏玻璃豎琴專門樂曲,還能用它演奏中國流行音樂。1．D【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第二句"Hebecameinterestedinplayingtheglassharpattheageofsix,whenheheardhisfatherplayingwithaglassofwateratthedinnertable"可知,在六歲時,杰米·特納聽到父親在餐桌上用一玻璃杯水演奏音樂,開始對玻璃豎琴產(chǎn)生興趣;據(jù)此可知,D項正確。2．D【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段第三、四句"Hethenaddsdifferentamountsofwatertoeachonetocreatedifferentmusicalnotes.Addingortakingawayjustalittlewaterwillchangethesound."可知,杯子中水的量不同,產(chǎn)生的音調(diào)也不同;添加或去掉少量水就會改變