譯林 八下 英語 Unit 7《Period 3 Grammar》課件

Unit7InternationalcharitiesPeriod3Grammar課文呈現(xiàn)GrammarPassivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttensesWeusetheactivevoicewhenitisimportanttoknowwhoperformstheaction.Volunteerdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.課文呈現(xiàn)Weusethepassivevoicewhen·itisobviouswhoperformstheaction.Theplaneisusedasatrainingcentre.·wedonotknowordonotneedtoknowwhoperformstheaction.Hiseyeproblemwascuredtwomonthsago.·theactionismoreimportantthanthepersonwhoperformstheaction.Thelivesofthepatientswitheyeproblemsareimproved.課文呈現(xiàn)Weformthepassivevoiceinthesimplepresenttenselikethis:SubjectbePastparticipleIamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/Itis課文呈現(xiàn)SubjectbenotPastparticipleIamnotsupported.You/We/TheyarenotHe/She/Itisnot課文呈現(xiàn)Weformthepassivevoiceinthesimplepasttenselikethis:SubjectbePastparticipleIwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/Itwas課文呈現(xiàn)SubjectbenotPastparticipleIwasnotsupported.You/We/TheywerenotHe/She/Itwasnot課文呈現(xiàn)Wecanalsointroducewhoorwhatperformsanactioninthepassivevoiceusingby.Weputbyandtheperformeraftertheverb.Ontheplane,volunteerdoctorsdooperations.→Ontheplane,operationsaredonebyvolunteerdoctors.ORBISdoctorshelpedmanyblindpeople.→ManyblindpeoplewerehelpedbyORBISdoctors.課文呈現(xiàn)HelpingothersA.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.課文呈現(xiàn)Whattheydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_______________________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).2.Leaflets______________________________________________(handout①

/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).3.ToysandCDs__________________________________________(sell/toraisemoney).溫馨提示：此符號(hào)表示“考點(diǎn)精講”鏈接。areplannedtohelpthepoorarehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersaresoldtoraisemoney課文呈現(xiàn)Whattheydidlastweek4.Newbooks________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).5.Warmclothes____________________________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).6.Acharityshow___________________________________________(hold/h??ld/②

/theStudents’Union).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentswerecollectedforpoorpeoplewasheldbytheStudents’Union課文呈現(xiàn)B.AmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.課文呈現(xiàn)Amy:OK.Oxfam(1)______________(set/set/up③)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop(2)______________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsallovertheworld.Alotofthings(3)______________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney(4)______________(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.wassetupwasopenedaresoldisused課文呈現(xiàn)Daniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem(5)__________(call)ProjectHope.It(6)____________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry(7)__________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yes.Manyschools(8)__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.iscalledwasstartedweregivenarebuilt考點(diǎn)精講①handouthandout分發(fā)e.g.Wecanhandoutleafletstotellpeoplethenews.我們可以分發(fā)傳單來告訴人們這個(gè)消息?？键c(diǎn)1hand的相關(guān)短語：①handin上交②givesb.ahand幫助某人③ontheonehand一方面④ontheotherhand另一方面⑤handsup舉起手來考點(diǎn)精講語義不同handout意為①提出；②分發(fā)。giveout意為①分發(fā)，發(fā)出（光，氣味，熱等）；②發(fā)表，公布。作“分發(fā)”時(shí)含義不同giveout多指發(fā)出（氣味，光線，聲音，信號(hào)，熱等）；handout多指發(fā)出去、分發(fā)，也有施舍的含義。作“分發(fā)”時(shí)主語不同handout：人作主語，意為“分發(fā)”；giveout：可用人作主語，意為“分發(fā)”，也可用物作主語，意為“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”。辨析：handout與giveout考點(diǎn)精講e.g.Oneofmyjobswastohandouttheprizes.我的工作之一是分發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。Helikeshandingoutadvicetohisfriendsthoughnooneeverfollows.他喜歡給朋友們提建議，盡管從來沒有人聽從過他的勸告。Iftheyaregoingtoread,whynotgiveoutbooks?如果他們要閱讀，為什么不把書分發(fā)出去呢？Theradiatorgivesoutalotofheat.散熱器釋放出大量的熱?？碱}1：[連云港改編]—Sandy,whereisMillie?—She____________（分發(fā)）newbooksintheclassroom.ishandingout考點(diǎn)精講返回溫馨提示:可返回原文考點(diǎn)精講②holdhold/h??ld/vt.舉行(tohaveameeting,competition,conversation,etc.)考點(diǎn)2hold—held—heldhold的相關(guān)短語:①holdon別掛斷；堅(jiān)持?、趆oldone’sbreath屏住呼吸③holdameeting舉行會(huì)議holdhold的一詞多義：vt.

舉行n.抓住，握??；影響，控制考點(diǎn)精講e.g.Ourschoolheldasportsmeetinglastweek.上周我們學(xué)校舉辦了一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。Weheldeachother’shands,notknowingwhattosay.我們握住彼此的手,不知說什么好。Youhavetogetagoodholdofthisidea.你得好好把握這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。Hehasatremendousholdoverhisyoungerbrother.他對(duì)他弟弟很有影響?？碱}2：[泰州]TheJiangsuautomatic（自動(dòng)化）testoflisteningandspeaking_________(hold)inAprileveryyear.isheld考點(diǎn)精講返回考點(diǎn)精講③setupsetup建起，設(shè)立e.g.Theysetupamodernschool.他們創(chuàng)辦了一所現(xiàn)代化的學(xué)校?？键c(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)精講set常用短語：setback使推遲setdown放下setfree釋放setoff出發(fā),動(dòng)身seton攻擊setsail揚(yáng)帆；起航考題3：[荊州]幾年前，成立這個(gè)小組是為了保護(hù)瀕危野生動(dòng)物。(set)Afewyearsago,thisgroup______________toprotectendangeredwildanimals.【】根據(jù)中英文對(duì)照可知，空處缺少“成立，建立”，其對(duì)應(yīng)的英文表達(dá)是setup。根據(jù)“Afewyearsago”以及主語thisgroup與謂語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知，此處是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)was/weredone，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用was。wassetup考點(diǎn)精講返回一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)單元語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)概念被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，be動(dòng)詞有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的變化①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)②單元語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊情況含有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)③含有感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)④含有動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)⑤主動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式表示被動(dòng)意義⑥無被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊情況therebe句型⑦不及物動(dòng)詞或短語⑧系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子⑨主動(dòng)句中的賓語是反身代詞

⑩

單元語法小貼士在英語中,句子有兩種語態(tài),即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。語態(tài)說明句子主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。單元語法1.主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的變化主動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者單元語法e.g.主動(dòng)句:They

planted

atree.主語謂語賓語被動(dòng)句:Atree

wasplanted

bythem.賓語be+及物動(dòng)詞主語變

變主語的過去分詞為by...返回2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)單元語法分類謂語動(dòng)詞形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+vt.-edThejobislikedbymanypeople.這份工作被許多人喜歡。一般過去時(shí)was/were+vt.-edThedoorwaslocked.門被鎖上了。單元語法考題1：[安徽]Computershavehadagreatinfluenceonlearningmethodssincethey_______intoschools.A.introduceB.introducedC.areintroducedD.wereintroduced【】since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主語“they”指代“Computers”，與謂語動(dòng)詞introduce“引進(jìn)”之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)weredone。D返回3.謂語動(dòng)詞帶有雙賓語時(shí),既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語,也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語,但應(yīng)在被保留的間接賓語前加介詞for或to。e.g.Igavehimapieceofadvice.我給了他一條建議?！鶫ewasgivenapieceofadvicebyme.或Apieceofadvicewasgiventohimbyme.單元語法返回4.在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，不定式作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)常省略to，但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要加上to。這些動(dòng)詞有:let,make,have,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。e.g.Isawherplaycomputergames.→Shewasseentoplaycomputergamesbyme.我看到她玩電腦游戲了。單元語法單元語法考題2：[達(dá)州]Mymommakesmedothedisheseveryday.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Iam________________dothedisheseveryday.【】makesb.dosth.“讓某人做某事”的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是“sb.bemadetodosth.”。madeto返回5.含有動(dòng)詞短語的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),短語后的介詞或副詞不可漏掉。e.g.Icanlookafteryou.我能夠照顧你?！鶼oucanbelookedafterbyme.單元語法考題3：Newly-bornbabies_______inhospitals.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.