浙江省稽陽(yáng)聯(lián)誼學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月月考英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

2024年11月稽陽(yáng)聯(lián)誼學(xué)校高三聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題卷本試題卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）。第Ⅰ卷1至8頁(yè)，第Ⅱ卷9至10頁(yè)。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。請(qǐng)考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂、寫(xiě)在答題紙上。第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng)：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2．選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onthestreet. B.Inacafé. C.Inabakery.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Mike,whathaveyoubeenbusywithrecently?M:I’vebeenworkingovertimesincelastweek.W:Thatsoundsterrible.It’sboilinghotoutside.Let’sfindaplacetosit.Howaboutthecafénexttothebakery?2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anewprogram. B.Aspeech. C.Anappointment.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Couldyougiveanexclusiveinterviewaboutyournewlylaunchedprogramat10:00a.m.tomorrow?W:I’msorry,butI’llbemakingaspeechthen.Canwerescheduleitforanothertime?M:Sure.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whenisthewoman’sreservation?A.OnOctober16th. B.OnOctober18th. C.OnOctober25th.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Whatdatewouldyouliketobookthetablefor?W:The16thofOctober.Oh,sorry.Iforgetthat’smydeparturedate.IwillarriveinYorkintwodays.M:Done.Adepositof25dollarsisrequired.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Useanapp. B.Joinagroup. C.Bringabook.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ifyouarenewtopickingmushroomsintheforest,Iwouldn’trecommendrelyingonpicturesinbookstoidentifythem.W:Whataboutusingphoneapps?M:Youcan’texpectstrongcellphonesignalsthere.Ifpossible,gowithafewpeopleledbyexperts.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whoseadvicedoesthewomanwanttoseek?A.Mr.Ward’s. B.Mr.Maude’s. C.Ms.Robbins’s.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Noworries.Mr.Maudewillhavethereportreadyforyou.ButI’matalossnow.HaveyouseenMr.Ward?Ineedhisuniqueopinionsaboutanissue.M:HewentouttopickupMs.Robbins.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Uncleandnephew. C.Neighbors.7.Whatwillacatdowhenitfeelsanxious?A.Holditstailup. B.Stayclosetotheground. C.Keepitseyeshalf-closed.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Felix.Iheardyourcatcryinginyouryardlastnight.Whatwaswrongwithher?M:I’msorry.Lilymusthavedisturbedyou.Shefeltscaredbecausemyunclepaidmeavisit.Isawallherhairstandingonend.W:Wow,youknowalotaboutthecat’sbodylanguage.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?M:Sure.Ifacat’stailisupright,oritseyesarehalf-closed,itmeansitisrelaxed.Andwhenthecatstayslowtothegroundtryingtohide,itindicatesthatit’sfeelingstressed.W:Interesting.Animalsalsohavetheirownwaysofexpressingemotions.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatdidthemandobefore2010?A.Amanager. B.Ateacher. C.Aconsultant.9.Whatistheman’ssecondsuggestion?A.Settingasharedgoal. B.Chattingwithstudents. C.Holdingaweeklyclassmeeting.【答案】8.C9.A【解析】【原文】W:Mr.Johnson,Iheardthatyouareanexpertinclassroommanagement.Wouldyoupleasesharesometipswithme?M:Sure.Iworkedasaneducationalconsultantrightbeforebecomingateacherin2010.Whenitcomestoclassroommanagement,themostimportantthingistobuildasenseofcommunity.W:Itsoundsabitabstract.Anydetails?M:First,holdameetingwithyourclassonceaweek.Thisgivesyouachancetokeeptrackofhowyourstudentsaredoingandpresentconcernstothem.W:Ibelievethatiswhatallteachersshoulddo.M:Yeah.Then,createagoalforthecourseandaskstudentstoworktogethertowardit.W:Iagree.M:Andletstudentsknowhowtheycancontactyou.Chatwiththembefore,during,andafterclasstoengagewithyourstudents.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Howdoesthewomansoundatfirst?AGrateful. B.Anxious. C.Doubtful.11.WhatdoweknowaboutthewordHogmanay?A.Itwasinventedin1561. B.Itsoriginisstillunclear. C.ItwaswidelyusedinFrance.12.WhatisthetraditionofthefirstfootingduringHogmanay?A.Bringingbreadandcoalasgifts.B.Visitingfriendsbeforemidnight.C.Watchingatraditionalcomedywithfriends.13.Wheredoesthewomancomefrom?A.Germany. B.France. C.Britain.【答案】10.B11.B12.A13.A【解析】【原文】W:Steve,myessaycenteredonScottishcultureisnearlydrivingmecrazy.Ineedyourhelp.TellmesomethingaboutHogmanay,please.M:HogmanayisaScottishwordforthelastdayoftheyearorNewYear’sEve.Wedon’tknowexactlywherethewordcomesfrom.ItisthoughttohavefirstbeenusedwidelyafterMary,QueenofScotsreturnedtoScotlandfromFrancein1561.W:HowdoyoucelebrateduringHogmanay?M:FirstfootingisatraditionalpartofHogmanaycelebrations.Firstfootingiswhenyouvisitfriendsorfamilyimmediatelyaftermidnighttobecomethefirstpersontovisittheminthenewyear.Thefirstpersonshouldbringdarkryebreadandapieceofcoaltoensurethepeopleyou’revisitingdon’tgohungryorsufferfromthecoldinthecomingmonths.W:Interesting!InGermany,weusuallywatchtheBritishcomedysketchDinnerforOneduringtheNewYear.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.WhatistheadvantageoftheshuttlebuscomparedtotheGreyhoundbus?A.Lowercost. B.Easierbookingprocess. C.Morefrequentdepartures.15.Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A.$15. B.$28. C.$35.16.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Catchaflight. B.Lookforhercreditcard. C.Bookaprivatehotel.【答案】14.C15.B16.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Davidspeaking.HowmayIhelpyou?W:Hello,thisisHelen.I’mflyingtoTorontothedayaftertomorrow.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettoMiltonfromtheairport?M:YoucantakeaGreyhoundbusorusetheairportshuttleservice.W:TheGreyhoundbussoundsgood.Howmuchdoesitcostperperson?M:$15oneway,or$27.50return.Butthereisonlyonebusaday.Itleavesat3:45p.m.W:Weareduetoarriveat11:30a.m.Thatwillkeepuswaitingformorethan4hours!Whatabouttheshuttlebus?M:Itwilltakeyourighttoyourhotelorprivateaddress.Thereisoneeverytwohours.W:Great.Pleasereserveaone-wayticketforme.M:Okay.$35perperson.AndsincetheCanadianInternationalAirShowiscurrentlygoingon,youcanalsoenjoya20%discount.(15)Ineedyourflightnumberandcreditcardnumber.W:Holdon.Ihaveforgottenthecardnumber.Letmegetmycardfrommystudy.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Reportingapieceofnews. B.Providingfirstaidtraining. C.Hostinganawardceremony.18.WhatsymptomdidJessicanoticeinherclient?A.Thesoundofchoking.B.Asuddendropinbloodpressure.C.Inabilitytocommunicateproperly.19.WhatwastheimmediateactiontakenbyJessica?A.Shecalled911atonce.B.Sheupdatedtheclient’ssituation.C.Shegavetheclientsomemedicine.20.Whatismainlyintroducedbythespeaker?A.Jessica’slifesavingefforts. B.Jessica’schatwithaclient. C.Richard’sraceagainsttime.【答案】17.C18.C19.A20.A【解析】【原文】Whennightfell,aroundthesametimeasnow,JessicaRheawaschattingwithaclient.Duringtheconversation,Jessicanoticedthatsomethingwaswrong.TheclientbegantodropoffandhadproblemsunderstandingwhatJessicawassaying—classicsignsofastroke.Jessicadidnothesitatetotakeimmediateaction.Shecalled911atonce,makingsurethattheclientwouldreceiveurgentmedicalattention.Meanwhile,Jessicacontactedtheemergencycentertoinformthedoctorsofthesituation.Jessica’sresponsedidnotstopthere.Shecontactedtheemergencycenteragaintoprovidethemostrecentsituationabouttheclient.Herabilitytoquicklyidentifythesignsofastrokeandtakeeffectiveactionundoubtedlysavedtheclient’slife.WecouldnotbemoreproudofJessica.Andheroutstandingeffortsshouldbehighlighted.JessicaRhea’sactionsserveasapowerfulreminderofthecriticalrolethatcaregiversplayinthelivesoftheirclients.Now,let’swelcomeRichardRochestertopresentJessicaRheawiththeLifesavingAward.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWe’vecombedtheglobeforthebesthotelsoftheyear.Herearesomeofourpicks.RevampedHotel(Badeschloss,Austria)ViennesearchitectsBWMhavetransformeditintoared-hotretreat.Its13-storeyconcreteadditionhasbroughttheroomtotalto102,andallaredesignedincandycolourswithbathhouseaccentslikepoolladders,privatesaunasanddeeptubsyoucanpracticallyswimin.Theicingonthiscakeistherooftopheatedpoolatopthreefloorsofsaunas.RemoteSleep(BocadeAgua,Mexico)Withacomplexof22elevatedtreehousesdeepintherainforestontheYucatánPeninsula,thetreehouseshavebeencreatedusingwastedmaterialsandapared-backaestheticthatallowsthesurroundingjungletotakecentrestage.Theemphasisisonsofteningthewallsbetweenthewildernessandguests,withoutdoorshowers,viewsofhammocksswinginglazilyonthedeck.Eco-Stay(SantoMine,Greece)InthewhitewashedvillageofOia,innorthernSantorini,SantoMinehasbeenhotonsustainability.Supportinglocalsuppliers,managingwasteresponsiblyandprotectingbiodiversitywithindigenousgardensistheMO(MissionObjective).Simplebutelegantsuiteswithlightwoodsandsea-facingbedssleepuptofourpeoplewithprivatepools,privatewhirlpoolbathsandthespectaculardailysunset.MountainRefuge(OdlesLodge,Italy)Odlesisamixofunderstatedluxuryandrawwilderness,withpineforestandflower-fleckedmeadowsatitsfeet.Theminimalist-coollodgesuseblondespruceandSwissstonepine—thefragrantuntreatedtimberapparentlypromotesbettersleep-whilethewindowsandbalconiesframeimpressiveviews.ThespiritofSouthTyrol’straditionalmountainhutsiscaptured,too.21.InBocadeAgua,travelerscan______.A.softenthewalls B.liveinatreehouseC.performonthecentrestage D.viewhammocksinthejungle22WhatisthemainconcernofthehotelinGreece?A.Eco-friendliness. B.Naturalscenery.C.Customers’privacy. D.Socialresponsibility.23Whichaspectisincludedinallofthefourhotelsmentionedabove?A.Buildingmaterials. B.Roomsavailable.C.Specificlocation. D.Distinctivefeature.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了全球最佳酒店的推薦?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RemoteSleep(BocadeAgua,Mexico)部分中的“Withacomplexof22elevatedtreehousesdeepintherainforestontheYucatánPeninsula,thetreehouseshavebeencreatedusingwastedmaterialsandapared-backaestheticthatallowsthesurroundingjungletotakecentrestage.(尤卡坦半島雨林深處有一個(gè)由22座高架樹(shù)屋組成的綜合體，這些樹(shù)屋是用廢棄的材料和簡(jiǎn)約的美學(xué)建造的，使周?chē)膮擦殖蔀橹行奈枧_(tái)。)”可知，在BocadeAgua，旅行者可以住在樹(shù)屋里。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Eco-Stay(SantoMine,Greece)部分中的“InthewhitewashedvillageofOia,innorthernSantorini,SantoMinehasbeenhotonsustainability.Supportinglocalsuppliers,managingwasteresponsiblyandprotectingbiodiversitywithindigenousgardensistheMO(MissionObjective).(在圣托里尼島北部的白色村莊奧伊亞，SantoMine酒店一直熱衷于可持續(xù)發(fā)展。支持當(dāng)?shù)毓?yīng)商、負(fù)責(zé)任地管理廢物以及通過(guò)本土花園保護(hù)生物多樣性是其使命目標(biāo)。)”可知，希臘的這家酒店主要關(guān)注的是生態(tài)友好。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RevampedHotel(Badeschloss,Austria)中的“Theicingonthiscakeistherooftopheatedpoolatopthreefloorsofsaunas.(這個(gè)蛋糕上的糖衣是三層桑拿浴室頂部的屋頂溫水游泳池。)，RemoteSleep(BocadeAgua,Mexico)中的“Withacomplexof22elevatedtreehousesdeepintherainforestontheYucatánPeninsula,thetreehouseshavebeencreatedusingwastedmaterialsandapared-backaestheticthatallowsthesurroundingjungletotakecentrestage.(尤卡坦半島雨林深處有一個(gè)由22座高架樹(shù)屋組成的綜合體，這些樹(shù)屋是用廢棄的材料和簡(jiǎn)約的美學(xué)建造的，使周?chē)膮擦殖蔀橹行奈枧_(tái)。)”，Eco-Stay(SantoMine,Greece)中的“

Simplebutelegantsuiteswithlightwoodsandsea-facingbedssleepuptofourpeoplewithprivatepools,privatewhirlpoolbathsandthespectaculardailysunset.(簡(jiǎn)單而優(yōu)雅的套房配有淺色木材和面朝大海的床，最多可供四人入住，配有私人游泳池、私人漩渦浴和壯觀的每日日落。)”以及MountainRefuge(OdlesLodge,Italy)中的“Odlesisamixofunderstatedluxuryandrawwilderness,withpineforestandflower-fleckedmeadowsatitsfeet.(奧德斯是低調(diào)奢華和原始荒野的混合體，腳下是松林和點(diǎn)綴著花朵的草地。)”可知，四個(gè)酒店都提到了各自的特點(diǎn)。故選D。BDowereallyneedrealdubbingartistsintheageofartificialintelligence?Indeed,manyhaveharboreddoubtsaboutthefutureandnecessityofrealdubbing(配音)artists.YetforKathrynLin,aleadingdubbingartistfromChina’sTaiwanisland,theprofessionmeansthesharedhappinessofgenerationsofaudiencesonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStrait.Bornin1975,Linwasfrequentlychosenbyherschooltotakepartinvariousspeechcontests.Unfortunately,inherfirstyearofcollege,herfamilyfacedamajorfinancialcrisis,andshehadnochoicebuttodropoutofcollegeandtakeuppart-timejobsinshopsandrestaurants.Thechancetojointhedubbingindustrycamewhenthedubbingartists’uniononTaiwanislandwantedtorecruitstudentsfordubbingperformances,andshemadeit.Sinceshewasanewcomertotheindustry,shehadtocompleteherapprenticeship(學(xué)徒期)beforegettingrealwork,whichusuallytakesthreetofiveyearsofhardwork,butLinachievedthatinlessthantwoyears.“Afterworkingforafewyears,Irealizedthatthejobwasnotjustaboutbreadandbutter,”shesaid,stressingthatthepopularcharactersshehasdubbedforhavegivenher“alotofinsightintolifeandintriguingexperiences”.TalkingabouttheChinesemainland’sanimationmarket,Linsaidmainlandproductionshavealotoforiginalelements.Mainlandanimations“areaculturalblendoftheEastandtheWest,andthestyleinspiresmealotwhendubbing.”Inhersparetime,shealsoattendslecturestohelpyoungcriminals,andchildrenwhohavedroppedoutofschool.“Theymighthavebeenunderstressorwerereallyconfusedbeforebreakingthelaw,ormighthavedroppedoutofschoolforfamilyreasons,”shesaid.WhenitcomestoAIdubbing,Linsaidsheis“actuallytryingtobelesspessimistic…Ithinkit’safuturetrend.”Linbelievesdubbingartistscantransformthemselvesby,forinstance,teachingtheartofdubbingtoyoungerpeople,publishingbooks,teachinginschoolsandgivinglectures.24.WhatmadeLintakeupdubbing?A.Herfamily’srequest. B.Herschool’srecommendation.C.Thedubbingunion’srecruitment. D.Herkeeninterestinthedubbingindustry.25.WhatdoweknowaboutmainlandproductionsinLin’seyes?A.Theyarefullyoriginal.B.Theirstylecangreatlyinspireviewers.C.Theirfiguresareappealingandthought-provoking.D.TheyfeatureacombinationoftheEastandtheWest.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLin?A.Diligentandthoughtful. B.Talentedandgenerous.C.Competentandeasy-going. D.Outgoingandhumorous.27.WhatdidLinthinkofdubbinginthefuture?A.SheispessimisticaboutAIdubbing.B.AIdubbingwillsubstitutefordubbingartiststoanextent.C.AIdubbingwillmerelymakeupasmallpartoftheindustry.D.Dubbingartistswon’tbereplacedasdubbingrepresentssharedhappiness.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要向讀者講述了KathrynLin的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷及職業(yè)生涯，并分享了她對(duì)AI沖擊下配音行業(yè)前景的預(yù)測(cè)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thechancetojointhedubbingindustrycamewhenthedubbingartists’uniononTaiwanislandwantedtorecruitstudentsfordubbingperformances,andshemadeit.(加入配音行業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了，當(dāng)時(shí)臺(tái)灣島的配音藝術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì)想招募學(xué)生來(lái)做配音表演，她成功加入了。)”可知，配音協(xié)會(huì)希望招收學(xué)生進(jìn)行配音表演，這一契機(jī)促成她加入配音行業(yè)。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“TalkingabouttheChinesemainland’sanimationmarket,Linsaidmainlandproductionshavealotoforiginalelements.Mainlandanimations“areaculturalblendoftheEastandtheWest,andthestyleinspiresmealotwhendubbing.”(談到中國(guó)大陸的動(dòng)畫(huà)市場(chǎng)，Lin說(shuō)大陸制作有很多原創(chuàng)元素。內(nèi)地動(dòng)畫(huà)“是東西方文化的融合，這種風(fēng)格在配音時(shí)給了我很多靈感?！?”可知，在Lin的眼中，大陸動(dòng)畫(huà)是東西方文化的融合。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Sinceshewasanewcomertotheindustry,shehadtocompleteherapprenticeship(學(xué)徒期)beforegettingrealwork,whichusuallytakesthreetofiveyearsofhardwork,butLinachievedthatinlessthantwoyears.(由于她是這個(gè)行業(yè)的新人，她必須完成學(xué)徒期才能找到真正的工作，這通常需要三到五年的努力，但Lin在不到兩年的時(shí)間里就做到了。)”可知，Lin只用了不到兩年就完成了學(xué)徒期，可知她很勤奮。根據(jù)第五段中“Inhersparetime,shealsoattendslecturestohelpyoungcriminals,andchildrenwhohavedroppedoutofschool.(在業(yè)余時(shí)間，她還參加幫助年輕罪犯和輟學(xué)兒童的講座。)”可知，她參加講座，幫助年輕罪犯和輟學(xué)兒童，可知她很關(guān)心別人。由此可推知，Lin是一個(gè)勤奮和體貼的人。故選A。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhenitcomestoAIdubbing,Linsaidsheis“actuallytryingtobelesspessimistic…Ithinkit’safuturetrend.”Linbelievesdubbingartistscantransformthemselvesby,forinstance,teachingtheartofdubbingtoyoungerpeople,publishingbooks,teachinginschoolsandgivinglectures.(當(dāng)談到人工智能配音時(shí)，林說(shuō)她“實(shí)際上試圖不那么悲觀……我認(rèn)為這是未來(lái)的趨勢(shì)?！盠in認(rèn)為配音藝術(shù)家可以通過(guò)向年輕人傳授配音藝術(shù)、出版書(shū)籍、在學(xué)校教書(shū)和做講座等方式來(lái)改變自己。)”可推斷，Lin認(rèn)為AI配音是未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，配音演員可以轉(zhuǎn)型，所以人工智能配音將在一定程度上上取代配音演員。故選B。CYou’llfinditatthedoctor’soffice,atthegym,andinonlinecalculators:thebodymassindex,orBMI.Ithasbeenever-presentsinceitsintroductioninthe1970s.Butthismetric(度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn))ofa“healthyweight”hascomeunderexaminationinthepastdecadeorso,andwithgoodreason.Therelationshipbetweenphysicalwell-beingandBMIiscomplicated,andit’softennotagoodindicatorofyouroverallhealth,expertssay.BMIisasimplemeasurementcalculatedbydividingaperson’sweight(ormassinkilogramsifusingmetric)bytheirheight.Fordecades,clinicianshaveusedBMItoputourweightintodifferentcategories:underweight,normal,overweight,orobese.Twenty-fiveisthemagicnumber:atthisnumberorhigher,youfallintotheoverweightorobesecategory.SomepopulationstudieshaveassociatedhavingahighBMIwithincreasedriskofcardiovasculardisease,TypeIIdiabetes,andotherendocrinedisorders.However,itmaynotbeweightalonethatplaysintothesenegativehealtheffects:researchshowsthesocietalshamepeoplewithhighBMIhavecouldalsocontributetopoorhealthoutcomes.OtherstudieshavefailedtofindastrongcorrelationbetweenBMIandhealth.Peoplewhoareleancanbeunhealthy,andpeoplewhohaveaBMIover25canhavesomehealthmarkers,saysFatimaStanford,anassociateprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolandobesitymedicinephysicianatMassachusettsGeneralHospital.ThenwhydowestillrelyonBMI?Onereasonisthatit’sarelativelysimplemeasurementtotake.Thismakesthemetriceasilyaccessibletopractitionerswithoutspecializedtraining,saysEleannaDeFilippis,aphysicianattheMayoClinic.StanfordsaysthatextremelyloworhighvaluesofBMIcouldbeanindicatorofpotentialhealthissuesdespiteitsearlyintroduction,butvaluesaround25to30aredifficulttointerpretwithoutotherhealthmetrics.However,therearebigissueswithonlyusingBMI,toassesshealth.BMIcan’ttellwhatpercentageofaperson’sweightisfromtheirfat,muscle,orbone.That’swhymuscularathletesoftenhaveahighBMIdespitehavinglittlebodyfat,DeFilippissays.It’salsopossibletohavepoorhealthmeasures,likehighbloodpressureandcholesterol,andbeata“normal”BMI,Stanfordsays.28.WhatdoweknowaboutBMI?A.PeoplewithinnormalBMIrangecanbeunhealthy.B.ExpertssuggestusingBMItoimplyouroverallhealth.C.PeoplewhohaveaBMIof26fallintotheobesecategory.D.Peopledon’toftenuseBMItomeasuretheirhealthnowadays.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correlation”inparagraph4mean?A.Assumption. B.Connection. C.Correction. D.Distinction.30.WhydoesStanfordthinkBMIiswidelyused?A.Itisscientificandreliableinmanycases.B.Itiseasytouseforthosewithoutmuchtraining.C.Itisstillanaccurateindicatorofyouroverallhealth.D.Itcouldbeofsomeuseinindicatinghealthproblems.31.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TointroducetoreaderswhatBMIis. B.ToarguethatBMIshouldnotbeusedwidely.C.ToinformreadersoftheshortcomingsofBMI. D.ToencouragereaderstoabandontheuseofBMI.【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要通過(guò)一些研究及不同專(zhuān)家的看法指出了BMI這一度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不足之處?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Peoplewhoareleancanbeunhealthy,andpeoplewhohaveaBMIover25canhavesomehealthmarkers,saysFatimaStanford,anassociateprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolandobesitymedicinephysicianatMassachusettsGeneralHospital.(哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的副教授兼麻省總醫(yī)院的肥胖醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家法蒂瑪·斯坦福德指出，即使體型苗條的人也可能存在健康問(wèn)題，而體重指數(shù)(BMI)超過(guò)25的人可能在某些健康指標(biāo)上表現(xiàn)正常)”可知，在正常BMI范圍內(nèi)的人也可能不健康。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“OtherstudieshavefailedtofindastrongcorrelationbetweenBMIandhealth.(其他研究未能發(fā)現(xiàn)BMI與健康之間存在很強(qiáng)的correlation)”以及“Peoplewhoareleancanbeunhealthy,andpeoplewhohaveaBMIover25canhavesomehealthmarkers,saysFatimaStanford,anassociateprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolandobesitymedicinephysicianatMassachusettsGeneralHospital.(哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的副教授兼麻省總醫(yī)院的肥胖醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)家法蒂瑪·斯坦福德指出，即使體型苗條的人也可能存在健康問(wèn)題，而體重指數(shù)(BMI)超過(guò)25的人可能在某些健康指標(biāo)上表現(xiàn)正常)”可知，身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)與健康之間沒(méi)有很強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性。劃線單詞correlation意為“相關(guān)性，關(guān)聯(lián)”。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“StanfordsaysthatextremelyloworhighvaluesofBMIcouldbeanindicatorofpotentialhealthissuesdespiteitsearlyintroduction,butvaluesaround25to30aredifficulttointerpretwithoutotherhealthmetrics.斯坦福德表示，盡管體重指數(shù)(BMI)早已被引入，但極低或極高的BMI值可能是潛在健康問(wèn)題的標(biāo)志。然而，BMI在25到30之間的值如果沒(méi)有結(jié)合其他健康指標(biāo)，很難準(zhǔn)確解讀)”可知，BMI可能有助于指示健康問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Therelationshipbetweenphysicalwell-beingandBMIiscomplicated,andit’softennotagoodindicatorofyouroverallhealth,expertssay.(專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，身體健康狀況和BMI之間的關(guān)系很復(fù)雜，它通常不是衡量您整體健康狀況的良好指標(biāo))”以及最后一段中“That’swhymuscularathletesoftenhaveahighBMIdespitehavinglittlebodyfat,DeFilippissays.It’salsopossibletohavepoorhealthmeasures,likehighbloodpressureandcholesterol,andbeata“normal”BMI,Stanfordsays.(這就是為什么肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員盡管體脂率很低，但他們的體重指數(shù)(BMI)往往很高，德菲利皮斯解釋道。斯坦福德補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，即使體重指數(shù)在“正?！狈秶鷥?nèi)，也有可能存在不良的健康指標(biāo)，比如高血壓和高膽固醇)”可知，作者引用了不同專(zhuān)家的看法，客觀、中立地介紹了BMI這一度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不足。故選C項(xiàng)。DWhyaresomeofusgoodatmath,orwriting,whileothersexcelatartorbasketball?Whatcausesthedifferences?Aretheylargelydeterminedbythegenes(nature)weinherit(遺傳)fromourparents?Howmuchdoesthesocialenvironment(nurture)havetodowithit?Ifyouwereascientistinterestedinthesequestions,wouldn’tyoulovetostudyidenticaltwins?Overthelast10years,ateamofscientistsledbypsychologistThomasJ.BouchardJr.hasstudiedabout65pairsofidenticaltwinswhowereraisedapart.ThescientistsbringeachpairoftwinstotheUniversityofMinnesotaforaweekofintensivetesting.Theyrecordthetwins’height,weight,eyecolor,earshape,andheadlength.Meanwhile,theygivethetwinsIQandpersonalitytests.Bouchard’steamhasbeenstartledbythesimilaritiesbetweentwinsraisedapart.Thetwinsoftenhavesurprisinglysimilargesturesandpostures,forinstance.Andtheyhaveledremarkablysimilarlives.Adultidenticaltwinsalsotendtohavesimilarmedicalhistories,developingtheeyediseaseglaucomaatthesametime,forexample.“Thecoincidencesarenotsurprising,”somecriticsoftheMinnesotastudysay.Theyarguethateveryone’slifehassomanydetailsthatanumberofcoincidencesareboundtoexist.What’smore,foreverycoincidencediscoveredbyapairofidenticaltwinsraisedapart,thecriticscouldpointtoavastnumberofundiscovereddifferences.AccordingtoBouchard,theyfindthatgenesplayabigpartinshapingourpersonalities-helpingtodeterminewhetherwerespecttraditionandliketofollowrulesornot.Theteamhasreportedthatintelligencealsoseemstobeinfluencedmuchmorebygenesthanbyenvironment.Despitebeingraisedbydifferentfamilies,separatedidenticaltwinsearnedidenticalornearlyidenticalscoresonadultintelligencetests.Otherscientists,however,disagree.“Howcanyoustudywhetherintelligenceisinheritedwhentherearesomanydifferentwaysjusttodefineintelligence?”Theproblemappliestoothertraits(特征),theysay.Bouchardhimselfmakesthepointthateventhemostcloselymatchedtwinsaredifferentfromeachother.Soeventhoughgenesmayhaveastronginfluenceoverourlives,they’renottheonlyinfluence.Ourday-to-dayexperienceshelptoshapeustoo.32.Whyarescientistssointerestedinstudyingidenticaltwinsraisedapartindifferentenvironments?A.Becauseitcanbestudiedwithaweekofintensivetesting.B.Becausethisgroupoftwinshavethemoststrikingsimilarities.C.Becauseitisagoodwaytomeasuretheeffectsofnatureandnurture.D.Becausetherehasalreadybeenalotofresearchonidenticaltwinsraisedtogether.33.WhatdocriticsoftheMinnesotastudysayaboutthesimilaritiesbetweentwinsraisedapart?A.Theyaremerelycoincidences.B.Theyareoverstatedtosomeextent.C.Theyarenothingcomparedwiththedifferences.D.Theyaretoocommontodeserveanyseriousconsideration.34.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBouchardagreeto?A.Similaritiesgohandinhandwithdifferences.B.Naturehasanotableinfluenceoverourlives.C.Intelligenceissomethinginheritedratherthanacquired.D.Environmentplaysabiggerpartinpersonaldevelopment.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.InheritedGenesFavorTwins B.EnvironmentTellsApartTwinsC.ScienceLooksTwiceatTwins D.PhysicalTraitsCometoTwins【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。通過(guò)對(duì)不同環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大的同卵雙胞胎的異同研究，得出研究結(jié)論：個(gè)體差異既受到從父母那里遺傳的基因的影響，也受到環(huán)境的影響。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,orwriting,whileothersexcelatartorbasketball?Whatcausesthedifferences?Aretheylargelydeterminedbythegenes(nature)weinherit(遺傳)fromourparents?Howmuchdoesthesocialenvironment(nurture)havetodowithit?Ifyouwereascientistinterestedinthesequestions,wouldn’tyoulovetostudyidenticaltwins?(為什么有些人擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)或?qū)懽?，而有些人擅長(zhǎng)藝術(shù)或籃球？是什么導(dǎo)致了這些差異？它們?cè)诤艽蟪潭壬鲜怯晌覀儚母改改抢锢^承的基因(天性)決定的嗎？社會(huì)環(huán)境(教養(yǎng))對(duì)其有多大影響？如果你是對(duì)這些問(wèn)題感興趣的科學(xué)家，你難道不想研究同卵雙胞胎嗎？)”和常識(shí)可知同卵雙胞胎在相同的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)，很難看出環(huán)境和基因到底哪個(gè)影響大，但雙胞胎在不同的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)，就可以較準(zhǔn)確的比較哪個(gè)作用比較大。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““Thecoincidencesarenotsurprising,”somecriticsoftheMinnesotastudysay.Theyarguethateveryone’slifehassomanydetailsthatanumberofcoincidencesareboundtoexist.What’smore,foreverycoincidencediscoveredbyapairofidenticaltwinsraisedapart,thecriticscouldpointtoavastnumberofundiscovereddifferences.(“這些巧合并不令人驚訝，”明尼蘇達(dá)研究的一些批評(píng)者說(shuō)。他們認(rèn)為，每個(gè)人的生活都有很多細(xì)節(jié)，因此必然存在一些巧合。更重要的是，對(duì)于一對(duì)分開(kāi)撫養(yǎng)的同卵雙胞胎所發(fā)現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)巧合，批評(píng)者都可以指出大量未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的差異)”可知，一些批評(píng)者認(rèn)為這只是巧合。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Bouchardhimselfmakesthepointthateventhemostcloselymatchedtwinsaredifferentfromeachother.Soeventhoughgenesmay