備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)愛(ài)尚閱讀話題篇專題05歷史與地理含解析

專題05歷史與地理【美文閱讀1】SomethingwonderfulinadisasterOnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzedfromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofconveniencewithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe"haves"tothe“have-nots".Orsowethought.Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusedthemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith"Funny"ifweneededalaugh,ortothe"Disabled"boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou.DearChris,MyhusbandandIweresosorrytohearofyourridingaccidentlastweek.Nodoubtyourfamilyandyourfriendsaregivingyouthestrengthtofacethistechnicalchallenge.Peopleeverywherearealsogivingyoubestwisheseverydayandweareamongthosewhoarekeepingyoualive.YoursSincerely,NancyReagan災(zāi)難中的奇妙1995年5月27日，我們的生活突然發(fā)生了變更。就在三點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分鐘，我丈夫克里斯從馬背上摔了下來(lái)，他從胸前摔下來(lái)，無(wú)法正常呼吸。當(dāng)他從馬背上摔下來(lái)的時(shí)候，我們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)有很多意想不到的挑戰(zhàn)的便利的生活。我們從從“有”到“無(wú)”?；蛘呶覀兪沁@么想的。然而，我們后來(lái)發(fā)覺(jué)，全部的禮物都來(lái)自于共享的困難。我們漸漸了解到，災(zāi)難中可能會(huì)發(fā)生一些奇妙的事情。全世界的人都特別關(guān)切克里斯，以至于每天都有信件和明信片涌入。到了第三個(gè)周末，在弗吉尼亞州的一個(gè)醫(yī)療中心，大約有35000封郵件已經(jīng)收到并分類。作為一個(gè)家庭，我們一封又一封地打開(kāi)信，它們給了我們勸慰，成為我們力氣的源泉。我們用它們來(lái)激勵(lì)自己。假如我們須要?dú)g樂(lè)，我會(huì)去標(biāo)有“好玩”字樣的那一堆信，或者到“殘疾人”的信箱里，向坐在輪椅上甚至床上的人們尋求建議，讓他們歡樂(lè)而勝利地生活。這些信件，我們意識(shí)到，必需被共享，所以在這里我們供應(yīng)其中一封給你。敬愛(ài)的克里斯，我丈夫和我很缺憾聽(tīng)到你上周的騎行事故。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，你的家人和摯友給了你力氣去面對(duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)。世界各地的人們也每天都在向你致以最奇妙的祝福，而我們也是那些讓你活下來(lái)的人之一。謹(jǐn)上，南?！だ锔⒔猓?.paralyzed['p?r?laizd]adj.癱瘓的，麻痹的2.chest

[t?est]n.胸，胸腔；柜子，櫥3.challenge[?t??lind?]n挑戰(zhàn)；質(zhì)問(wèn)4.pour

[p?:r]vt.灌，倒，注vi.傾瀉，流出5.pile

[pail]n.一堆，一疊v.積累6.technical

[?teknik?l]a.技術(shù)的，工藝的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥：1.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.【歸納】so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如此…以致…”,運(yùn)用時(shí)要留意其倒裝方式，如：Thisbookissointerestingthateveryonewantstoreadit.這本書(shū)很好玩，人人都想看看。==Sointerestingisthebookthateveryonewantstoreadit.留意：sothat…通常用于引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“為了、以便…”,如：Theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.為了能趕上早班車，他們?cè)缭缇推鸫擦恕?.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith"Funny"ifweneededalaugh.【歸納】thepileoflettersmarkedwith…其中markedwith為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句thatweremarkedwith…。留意體會(huì)現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的差別：boiledwater開(kāi)水 boilingwater正沸騰的水developedcountries發(fā)展的國(guó)家 developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家fallenleaves落葉 fallingleaves正在飄落的葉子changedcondition變更了的狀況changingcondition變更著的狀況【美文閱讀2】導(dǎo)讀：本文介紹的是水城威尼斯。它是世界上唯一沒(méi)有汽車的城市；它因水而生，因水而美，因水而興，號(hào)稱“亞得里亞?；屎蟆?。Venice—QueenoftheAdriaticThehistoriccityofVenicestretchesacrossashallowsaltwaterlagooninnortheastItaly.Thecitywasonceamajorseapowerandanimportantcenterforpoliticsandtrade.Ithassincefadedfromgloryanddeclinedininfluence,butthe"QueenoftheAdriatic"remainsrichinbeauty,art,andtourism.①BuiltonastringofislandsalongsidetheAdriaticSea,Veniceisfamousforitscanals,whichserveasroads.Theonlytransportationintheoldcitycenterhasbeenbyboatoronfootforcenturies.TraditionalVenetianboatsstillferrytouriststhroughthenarrowcanals,thoughnowadaysmostVenetianstravelbymotorizedwaterbus.Archedfootbridgestraversethecanals,②addingtothepicturesquecharmofthisfairytalecity.VeniceisEurope'slargestcar-freeareaandaWorldHeritageSite.③Whileitsuniqueinfrastructureisenoughtomakeitahistoricgem,Venicealsoboastsarichculturalhistory.DuringtheRenaissance,VenicewasoneofthemostimportantmusicalcentersinEurope.Countlessbooks,plays,musicalcompositions,andworksofarthavebeeninspiredbyVenice.Presently,thecitydrawsmorethansevenmilliontouristsperyear.Sadly,thefutureofVeniceisthreatened.Sincethe20thcentury,whenwellsbegantodrawwaterfromthegroundtosupportlocalindustry,Venicehasbeensinking.Inmanyoldhouses,lowerlevelstaircasesarenowfloodedandformergroundfloorshavebecomeuninhabitable.Nevertheless,Venetianlife④goesonandthecitycontinuestocharmitsmanyvisitors.威尼斯——亞得里亞?；屎髿v史名城威尼斯橫跨意大利東北部的一個(gè)咸水湖。這個(gè)城市曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)主要的海上力氣和重要的政治、貿(mào)易中心。雖然它從前的榮耀和影響力已經(jīng)褪去，這位“亞得里亞海皇后”在美景、藝術(shù)與旅游業(yè)方面依舊特別富有。建筑于亞得里亞海沿岸的一系列島嶼之上的威尼斯以運(yùn)輸河而著名，運(yùn)輸河就是這個(gè)城市的道路。幾百年來(lái)，舊城中心唯一的交通工具就是乘船或者步行。雖然現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)威尼斯人乘坐電動(dòng)水上巴士，傳統(tǒng)的威尼斯船只仍舊在狹窄的運(yùn)輸河中擺渡游客。拱形的人行天橋橫貫運(yùn)輸河之上，為這座童話般的城市增加了如畫(huà)般的吸引力。威尼斯是歐洲最大的無(wú)車區(qū)，也是世界遺產(chǎn)城市。雖然獨(dú)特的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施足以使它成為歷史珍寶，威尼斯還擁有豐富的文化史。在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，威尼斯是歐洲最重要的音樂(lè)中心之一。威尼斯激發(fā)了多數(shù)書(shū)籍、戲劇、樂(lè)曲和藝術(shù)品的產(chǎn)生。目前，這座城市每年吸引著七百多萬(wàn)游客。令人難受的是，威尼斯的將來(lái)受到了威逼。自從20世紀(jì)人們從水井抽取地下水支持當(dāng)?shù)毓I(yè)起先，威尼斯起先了下沉。在很多老房子里，低層的樓梯浸在水中，以前的一樓已經(jīng)無(wú)法住人。盡管如此，威尼斯的生活還在接著，這座城市使眾多的游客為之沉醉。重點(diǎn)單詞:1.lagoon[l?'gu?n]n.咸水湖2.Adriatic[,eidri'?tik]adj.亞得里亞海的3.ferry['fer?]vt.（乘渡船）渡過(guò)；用渡船運(yùn)輸4.traverse['tr?v?s;tr?'v??s]vt.穿過(guò)5.picturesque[,p?kt??'resk]adj.生動(dòng)的；圖畫(huà)般的6.heritage['her?t?d?]n.遺產(chǎn)7.infrastructure['?nfr?str?kt??]n.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施8.gem[d?em]n.寶石，珍寶；精華9.boast[b??st]包含，容納；有10.Renaissance['r?n?sɑns]n.文藝復(fù)興（歐洲14至16世紀(jì)）重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)/亮點(diǎn)句式：1.BuiltonastringofislandsalongsidetheAdriaticSea,Veniceisfamousforitscanals,whichserveasroads.建筑于亞得里亞海沿岸的一系列島嶼之上的威尼斯以運(yùn)輸河而著名，運(yùn)輸河就是這個(gè)城市的道路。（1）befamousfor因……而著名。如：Aschoolassuchshouldbefamousforitsteaching,itssportsandgames,anditsstrictdiscipline.一個(gè)像這樣的學(xué)校，必需在教學(xué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、球戲、及嚴(yán)格紀(jì)律訓(xùn)練等方面，能夠著名。（2）which引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞canals。如：Someoftheroadswereflooded，whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult.有些路被水淹了，這使得我們的行程更加困難。2.addto增加；加強(qiáng)。如：Thebadweatheraddedtotheshipwreckedsailors’difficulties.惡劣的天氣增加了失事船只的船員們的困難。3.Whileitsuniqueinfrastructureisenoughtomakeitahistoricgem,Venicealsoboastsarichculturalhistory.雖然獨(dú)特的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施足以使它成為歷史珍寶，威尼斯還擁有豐富的文化史。while在此意為“雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Whileheloveshisstudents,heisstrictwiththem.雖然他愛(ài)他的學(xué)生，他對(duì)他們特別嚴(yán)厲。4.goon接著。如：Thissituationseemedtogoonindefinitely.這種狀況好像要無(wú)限期地接著下去。名句背誦：Mostignoranceisvincibleignorance.Wedon’tknowbecausewedon’twanttoknow.（AldousHuxley,Britishwriter）大多無(wú)知是可以克服的。我們不知道只是因?yàn)槲覀儾幌胫馈＃ㄓ?guó)作家?jiàn)W爾德斯?赫胥黎）【話題解讀】“歷史與地理”是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)話題之一，也是高考?？荚掝}。本話題包括中國(guó)歷史與地理的基本學(xué)問(wèn)、世界歷史與地理的基本學(xué)問(wèn)、重大歷史事務(wù)以及與歷史活動(dòng)有關(guān)的重要?dú)v史人物、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、宗教活動(dòng)等。通過(guò)＂歷史與地理＂這一話題的學(xué)習(xí)和高考考查，增加學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)歷史與地理的愛(ài)好，提高學(xué)生的歷史底蘊(yùn)和文化修養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的身心健康。

近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)中，“歷史與地理”這個(gè)話題屢見(jiàn)不鮮。在聽(tīng)力、閱讀理解、完形填空、語(yǔ)法填空以及書(shū)面表達(dá)中，出題者常會(huì)涉及某個(gè)地方的史地概況、風(fēng)土人情等，例如2024年浙江卷閱讀理解C篇、2024年江蘇卷閱讀理解D篇、2024年四川卷閱讀理解C篇、2024年北京卷書(shū)面表達(dá)、2015年新課標(biāo)卷I和2015年新課標(biāo)卷II的語(yǔ)法填空等。

【相關(guān)詞匯】Ⅰ.寫(xiě)作必記單詞

1.attackvt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊

2.disappearvi.消逝→disappearancen.消逝；失蹤

3.escapevi.逃跑

4.feedvt.喂養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)；靠……為生；向……供應(yīng)

5.localadj.當(dāng)?shù)氐摹鷏ocatevt.把……設(shè)置(在)；使……坐落(于)

→locationn.地點(diǎn)；位置

6.nativeadj.本地的；本土的

7.raisevt.飼養(yǎng)；提高

8.rangen.山脈；vi.排列；延長(zhǎng)

9.ruinvt.毀壞；毀滅；n.廢墟；毀滅

10.strikev.突然侵襲；打擊；打動(dòng)；突然想到

11.threatenvt.威逼；恐嚇→threatn.威逼

Ⅱ.閱讀識(shí)記單詞

12.abolishvt.廢除

13.aggressionn.侵略→aggressiveadj.侵略的；具有攻擊性的

14.betrayvt.出賣；泄露機(jī)密

15.distributevt.發(fā)放；分發(fā)→distributionn.安排；配給

16.droughtn.干旱

17.dynastyn.朝代

18.eruptvi.(火山)爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)→eruptionn.爆發(fā)

19.frightenvt.使驚恐→frighteningadj.令人驚恐的，駭人的→frightenedadj.膽怯 的；受驚的

20.foggyadj.有霧的→fogn.霧

21.freezingadj.冰凍的；極冷的→freezevi.&vt.將……冷凍，凍僵→frozenadj.結(jié)冰的，冷凍的

22.geographyn.地理

23.historicadj.歷史的；有歷史意義的→historyn.歷史→historicaladj.歷史(上)的；與歷史有關(guān)的

24.historicaladj.與歷史有關(guān)的

25.incidentn.事變

26.independencen.獨(dú)立

27.invadevt.侵略

28.monumentn.紀(jì)念碑

29.mountainousadj.多山的

30.occupyvt.占據(jù)；使勞碌

31.originn.起源；由來(lái)

32.religionn.宗教

33.religiousadj.宗教的

34.remoteadj.偏遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的

35.racialadj.種族的

36.revolutionn.革命

37.sacrificevt.犧牲

38.shortagen.缺乏

39.showern.陣雨；淋浴

40.supplyvt.供應(yīng)；供應(yīng)；n.供應(yīng)；供應(yīng)

41.terrifyvt.使恐怖

42.urbanadj.城市的；都市的

43.weaponn.武器

III.話題相關(guān)詞匯1.地理geography2.古跡historicalspot3.??；州province/state4.首都；省會(huì)capital5.礦藏，礦物質(zhì)mineral6.東南方的southeastern7.西北方的northwestern8.遺址ruin9.郡/縣county10.華南SouthChina11.華北NorthChina12.師范高校NormalUniversity13.城市建筑urbanarchitecture14.藝術(shù)長(zhǎng)廊theartgallery15.依據(jù)accordingto16.悠久歷史havealonghistory/withalonghistory17.挨近；靠近becloseto18.礦產(chǎn)資源mineralresourceIV.話題相關(guān)詞組1.城市規(guī)劃urbanplanning2.城鎮(zhèn)人口urbanpopulation3.追溯到datebackto4.以……為背景setin5.獨(dú)有的特色uniquefeatures6.占地面積7434平方公里coveranareaof7，434squarekilometres7.人口超過(guò)600萬(wàn)haveapopulationofover6million/withapopulationofmorethan6million...8.2200年的悠久歷史haveahistoryof2，200years/withahistoryof2，200yearsV.好用句型1.廣州，別名花城，地處珠江三角洲(thePearlRiverDelta)北部，接近港澳。ThecityofGuangzhou,nicknamedasFlowerCity,islocatedinthenorthofthePearlRiverDelta,closetoHongkongandMacao.2.廣州是廣東省的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化中心。Guangzhouisthepolitical,economicandculturalcentreofGuangdongProvince.3.各地氣候差異很大。Theclimatedifferssharplyfromoneareatoanother.4.澳大利亞擁有極為豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源，且鐵礦儲(chǔ)量居世界其次。Australiahasprettyrichmineralresources,anditsironresourceisranked2ndintheworld.VI.佳作背誦假定你是星光中學(xué)的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生李華，母校將為高一新生舉辦主題為“Whattolearninseniorhighschool”的英語(yǔ)沙龍活動(dòng)，特邀請(qǐng)你結(jié)合自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)談?wù)勛约旱捏w會(huì)。請(qǐng)依據(jù)以下提綱打算一份英語(yǔ)發(fā)言稿。1.學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)：方法、習(xí)慣等；2.學(xué)會(huì)做人：真誠(chéng)、友善等；3.其他方面：自擬。[參考范文]WhattolearninseniorhighschoolGoodmorning,everyone!Itismygreathonourtobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.Inthecomingthreeyears,yourschoollifewillbechallenging.Firstly，youshouldlearntolearnefficiently.Personally，Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.Developingagoodhabitisalsoofimportance.Itreallybenefitedmealottopreviewlessons,getactivelyinvolvedinclassandreviewwhathadbeentaughtafterclass.Inaddition，youshouldlearnhowtogetalongwithothersinschool.Forexample，Irespectedteachersandwasfriendlywithclassmates.Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.Finally，youshouldtakepartinsportsandotheroutdooractivitiesfrequently.Astheyareveryhelpfultobuildupyourbodyandenrichyourschoollife.Nopains，nogains.Iamsurethatwithyourgreatefforts,youwillenjoyacolorfulandfruitfullifehere.Thankyou!I.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AOnApril10,1912,theoceanlinerTitanicsetoffonitsfirstvoyagewithmorethan2,200peopleonboard.Itwasahistoricmoment.Theshipwasthelargestpassengershipintheworld.ButonthenightofApril14,theTitanicstruckagianticeberg.Withinhours,itsanktothebottomoftheocean.Therewereonlyenoughlifeboatsforabouthalfthepeopleonboard.Morethan1,500passengersandcrewmembersdied.Thetragedymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.Thetaleoftheshiphasinspiredmanybooks,playsandmovies.Thatincludes1997’sTitanic---oneofthemostpopularfilmsinhistory.Now,morethanacenturylater,areplica(復(fù)制品)oftheshipisbeingbuilt.TheTitanicIIisexpectedtofollowtherouteoftheoriginalship.Itisscheduledtolaunchin2024andsailfromSouthampton,England,toNewYorkCity.Inmanyways,theTitanicIIwillbehardtotellapartfromtheoriginalship.Itwillhavethesamecabinlayouts(布局)andservethesamefancymeals.ButaccordingtotheBlueStarLine,thecompanybuildingtheship,therewillbesomeimportantdifferences.TheTitanicIIwillhavethelatesttechnologyandsafetyfeatures---includingenoughmotor-drivenlifeboatsforeveryoneonboard.Thoughtheshipitselfwillbemoremodern,sailingonitwillbeajourneybackintime,saysClivePalmer,theOwnerofBlueStarLine.“Itisatribute(致敬)tothespiritofthemenandwomenwhoworkedontheoriginalTitanic,”hesays.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheTitanic?A.Itwasthelargestpassengershipofitsday.B.Morethan2,200peoplediedwhenitsankC.ItsetsailfromNewYorkCity.D.Itsankthefirstdayafteritsetsail.2.Whydoestheauthormentionthe1997movieTitanic?A.Todescribetheship’sdesign.B.Tohighlightthepublic’sinterestintheship.C.ToexplainwhytheTitanicsank.D.Tocomparethenewshipwiththeoriginalone.3.HowwilltheTitanicIIdifferfromtheoriginalship?A.ItwillfollowanewrouteacrosstheAtlanticOcean.B.Itwillservefancymealstopassengers.C.Itwillhaveenoughlifeboatsforallpassengers.D.Itwillhavesmallercabinsforpassengers.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUnsinkableTitanicB.TheTitanicSailsAgainC.TitanicStoriesWillGoonD.TheReconstructionofTitanicBThefirstorganizedsystemforsendingmessagesbeganinEgyptaround1500B.C.ThissystemdevelopedbecausethepharaohsfrequentlyneededtosendmessagesupanddowntheNileRiverinordertokeeptheirempirerunningsmoothly.Later,thePersiansdevelopedamoreefficientsystemforsendingmessagesusingmenandhorses.MessagescarriersrodealongtheroadsystemstretchingfromoneendofthePersianEmpiretotheother.Alongtheseroads,freshmenandhorseswaitedatspecialstationstotakeandpassalonganymessagesthatneededtobesent.Thestationswhereriderspassedmessagesbackandforthwerebuilt23kilometersapart,sothemenandhorseswereabletotravelquicklybetweenthem.TheRomanslatertookuphisideaandimproveditbyusingamoreadvancedandextensiveroadsystem.InChina,however,KublaiKhanhadbuiltuphisownsystemfordeliveringmessages.ThissystemworkedinthesamebasicwayastheRomansystem.ThedifferencewasthatKublaiKhankept300,000horsesalongtheroadsofthisdeliverylines.Therewereover10,000stationswhereamessagewouldbepassedfromoneridertoanotherwithafreshhorse.Inthisway,KublaiKhancouldreceivemessagesfromanywhereinthecountryinonlyafewdays.Itwasnotuntilthe1500sthatawell-organizedpostalsystemappearedagaininEurope.Onefamily,thevonTaxisfamily,gainedtherighttodelivermailfortheHolyRomanEmpireandpartsofSpain.Thisfamilycontinuedtocarrymail,bothgovernmentandprivate,throughoutEuropeforalmost300years.In1653,aFrenchman,RenouarddeVelayer,establishedasystemfordeliveringpostinParis.Postalchargesatthattimewerepaidbytherecipient,butdeVelayer'ssystemwasuniquebyallowingthesendertopre-paythecharges,inasimilarwaytothemodernstamp.Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.Eventually,government-controlledpostalsystemstookoverfromprivatepostalbusinesses,andbythe1700sgovernmentownershipofmostpostalsystemsinEuropewasanacceptedfactoflife.Thethingthatalltheseearlysystemshadincommonwasthattheywerequiteexpensiveforpublicuse,andwereintendedforusebythegovernmentandthewealthy.However,in1840,aBritishschoolteachernamedRolandHillsuggestedintroducingpostagestamps,andapostalratebasedonweight.Thisresultedinloweringpostalrates,encouragingmorepeopletousethesystemtostayintouchwitheachother,HisideahelpedtheBritishpostalsystembegintoearnprofitsasearlyas1850.SoonafterthatmanyothercountriestookupMr.Hill'sidea.Andletterwritingbecameaccessibletoanyonewhocouldwrite.Today,theRolandHillawardsaregiveneachyearto"encourageandrewardfreshideaswhichhelppromotephilately"(stampcollecting).5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Howinternationalletterstravel. B.Asurprisingmethodfordeliveringmail.C.Thehistoryofpostalsystems. D.Changesinthemethodsofcommunication.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRenouarddeVelayeristrue?A.Hiswasagovernment-controlledsystem.B.Hiscompetitorsdestroyedhisbusiness.C.Hissystemlastedforhundredsofyears.D.Inhissystem,thepersonwhoreceivedtheletterpaidthepostagefees.7.Whichofthesystemsmentionedinthepassagewasmostlikethepostalsystemtoday?A.Egyptian. B.Chinese.C.deVelayer's. D.vonTaxis's.8.WhatwasRolandHill'sgreatestachievement?A.Hemadeletterwritingaccessibletotheaverageperson.B.HemadealotofmoneyfortheBritishpostalsystem.C.Hemadestampcollectingapopularhobby.D.Hewonanawardforletterwriting.CAustraliaisasocietyofpeoplefromarichdiversity(多樣)ofcultural,ethnic,linguistic(語(yǔ)言的)andreligiousbackgrounds.MostAustraliansareimmigrantsorthedescendants(后裔)ofimmigrantswhoarrivedoverthepasttwocenturiesfrommorethan200countries.CulturalandlinguisticdiversitywasafeatureofAustralianlifebeforeEuropeansettlementandremainsadefiningfeatureofmodernsociety.ImmigrationbeganwithEuropeansettlementin1788.Itcontinuedatasteadypace—reaching50,000ayearduringtheGoldRushPeriodofthe1850s—untilthepopulationreachedsevenmillioninthe1940s.MostsettlerswerefromaBritishbackground.SincetheSecondWorldWar,theAustraliangovernment’simmigrationprogramhasbroughtmorethan6.6millionmigrantstoAustralia.Today,almostoneinfourofAustralia’sestimatedresidentpopulationof24millionwasbornoverseas.Thelast50yearshaveseenasignificantchangeinthesourcecountriesofpeoplewhochoosetocomehere.Inthe1960s,45%ofallnewsettlerswerebornintheUnitedKingdomandIreland.By2006to2007,thishadfallento17%,withsettlersandlong-termvisitorsincreasingfromcountriesintheAsia-Pacificregion,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Australiarecognizes,acceptsandrespectsculturaldiversity.Therearefewcountriesintheworldwheremigrantshaveachievedthelevelofeconomic,political,socialandculturalparticipationthattheyhaveinAustralia.ForeignlanguagesaretaughtinmostmainstreamAustralianschoolsanduniversities,aswellasincommunityethnicschools,manyofwhicharefundedbytheAustraliangovernment.TheAustraliangovernmentspendsalargeamountofmoneyeveryyearsupportingtheteachingandlearningforAsian,Europeanandindigenous(本土的)AustralianlanguagesandAustraliansignlanguageforthedeafinmainstreamschoolsaswellasthroughcommunitylanguageprograms.Foreignlanguagesaretaughtinbothprimaryandsecondaryschools.ThemostpopularlanguagesstudiedareJapanese,Chinese,French,Italian,German,Indonesian,Spanish,Vietnamese,ArabicandLatin.Around50%ofstudentsstudyaforeignlanguageatsometimeduringtheirprimaryandsecondaryschooling.Almost150languagesaretaughtinmainstreamandnon-mainstreamsettings.9.Fromthetext,wecanlearnthat.A.Australiabegantohavewavesofimmigrantsfrom1788B.mostAustraliansareimmigrantsfromaBritishbackgroundC.therewasn’tanyculturaldiversityinAustralianlifeuntilmoderntimesD.about6.6millionpeopleimmigratedtoAustraliaduringWorldWarII10.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout.A.Australia’sestimatedresidentpopulationB.theeffectsofAustralia’simmigrationprogramC.theincreaseinsettlersandlong-termvisitorsD.thechangeinthesourcecountriesofimmigrants11.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePopulationofAustralia.B.TheForeignLanguagesofAustralia.C.TheimmigrationPolicyofAustralia.D.TheculturalandLinguisticDiversityofAustralia.DRecentlyaccordingtoanewresearch,humanshavehadalinktostarches(含淀粉的食物)forupto120,000years—that’smorethan100,000yearslongerthanwe’vebeenabletoplanttheminthesoilduringthetimeoftheiceAge’sdrawingtoanend.TheresearchispartofanongoingstudyintothehistoryofMiddleStoneAgecommunities.AninternationalteamofscientistsidentifiedevidenceofprehistoricstarchconsumptionintheKlasiesRiverCave,inpresent-daySouthAfrica.Analyzingsmall,ashy,undisturbedhearths(壁爐)insidethecave,theresearchersfound“piecesofburnedstarches”rangingfromaround120,000to65,000yearsold.Itmadethemtheoldestknownexamplesofstarcheseatenbyhumans.Thefindingsdonotcomeasacompletesurprise—butratheraswelcomeconfirmationofoldertheoriesthatlackedtherelatedevidence.TheleadauthorCynthiaLarbeysaidthattherehadpreviouslyonlybeengeneticbiologicalevidencetosuggestthathumanshadbeeneatingstarchforthislong.Thisnewevidence,however,takesusdirectlytothedinnertable,andsupportsthepreviousassumptionthathumans’digestiongenesgraduallyevolvedinordertofitintoanincreaseddigestionofstarch.Co-authorSarahWurzsaid,“ThestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumanslivingintheKlasiesRiverCavecouldbattleagainsttheirtoughenvironmentandfindsuitablefoodsandperhapsmedicines.Andasmuchasweallstilldesirethetubers(塊莖),thesecavecommunitiesweregillingstarchessuchaspotatoesontheirfoot-longhearths.Theyknewhowtobalancetheirdietsaswellastheycould,withfatsfromlocalfishandotheranimals.”Asearlyasthe1990s,someresearchersstartedtostudythehearthsintheKlasiesRiverCave.ScientistHilaryDeaconfirstsuggestedthatthesehearthscontainedburnedplants.Atthetime,thepropermethodsofexaminingtheremainswerenotyetavailable.Wenowknowhumanbeingshavealwaysbeensearchingfortheirdesiredthings.12.Whendidhumansbegintofarmstarches?A.AftertheIceAge. B.AftertheMiddleStoneAge.C.About20,000yearsago. D.About100,000yearsago.13.Whatwasthepreviousassumptionofstarches?A.Starchdietpromotedfoodculture. B.Starchdietshapedhumans’evolution.C.Starcheshadavarietyoffunctions. D.Starchesofferedhumansrichnutrition.14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheearlyhumansdescribedbySarahWurz?A.Theyweresmartandtough. B.Theypreferredplantstomeat.C.Theyweregenerallyveryhealthy. D.Theygotalongwitheachother.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.GreatCivilizationofSouthAfrica B.TheEvolutionofFoodsinHistoryC.Starches--theImportantFoodofToday D.BigFindings--theStarchesinAncientTimesA【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講解并描述了泰坦尼克號(hào)沉船事務(wù)在當(dāng)時(shí)引起了極大的公眾關(guān)注，泰坦尼克2號(hào)將采納最新的技術(shù)和平安裝備，確保平安。1.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Theshipwasthelargestpassengershipintheworld.這艘船是世界上最大的客船?！笨芍诋?dāng)時(shí)泰坦尼克號(hào)是最大的客船，故答案為A。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Thetragedymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.Thetaleoftheshiphasinspiredmanybooks,playsandmovies.這一悲劇成為全世界的頭條新聞。這艘船的故事激發(fā)了很多書(shū)籍、戲劇和電影的靈感?！笨芍┨鼓峥颂?hào)沉船這件事在當(dāng)時(shí)引起了極大的公眾關(guān)注，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知答案為B。3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“TheTitanicIIwillhavethelatesttechnologyandsafetyfeatures---includingenoughmotor-drivenlifeboatsforeveryoneonboard.泰坦尼克2號(hào)將擁有最新的技術(shù)和平安裝備，包括足夠的機(jī)動(dòng)救生艇供船上全部人運(yùn)用?！笨芍┨鼓峥?號(hào)有足夠的救生艇，更加平安，故答案為C。4.主旨大意題。文章的主要內(nèi)容是：泰坦尼克號(hào)沉船事務(wù)在當(dāng)時(shí)引起了極大的公眾關(guān)注，泰坦尼克2號(hào)將采納最新的技術(shù)和平安裝備，確保平安。由文章的主要內(nèi)容可知本文著重強(qiáng)調(diào)泰坦尼克2號(hào)的誕生，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知答案為B。B【答案】5.C6.B7.C.A【解析】本篇是說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了世界郵政體系形成的來(lái)龍去脈。5.主旨大意題。文章介紹了世界郵政體系的雛形，新獨(dú)創(chuàng)及在各國(guó)的發(fā)展詳情。選項(xiàng)A大意與本文無(wú)關(guān)；B涉及，但不能概括全文；D面太廣，communicationmethods有很多種，不能切中大意。故選C。6.推理推斷題。第四段的第三句Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.可知他對(duì)手把活老鼠放入信箱導(dǎo)致他生