備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語二輪專題復習愛尚閱讀話題篇專題05歷史與地理含解析

專題05歷史與地理【美文閱讀1】SomethingwonderfulinadisasterOnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzedfromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofconveniencewithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe"haves"tothe“have-nots".Orsowethought.Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusedthemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith"Funny"ifweneededalaugh,ortothe"Disabled"boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou.DearChris,MyhusbandandIweresosorrytohearofyourridingaccidentlastweek.Nodoubtyourfamilyandyourfriendsaregivingyouthestrengthtofacethistechnicalchallenge.Peopleeverywherearealsogivingyoubestwisheseverydayandweareamongthosewhoarekeepingyoualive.YoursSincerely,NancyReagan災難中的奇妙1995年5月27日，我們的生活突然發(fā)生了變更。就在三點過幾分鐘，我丈夫克里斯從馬背上摔了下來，他從胸前摔下來，無法正常呼吸。當他從馬背上摔下來的時候，我們進入了一個有很多意想不到的挑戰(zhàn)的便利的生活。我們從從“有”到“無”?；蛘呶覀兪沁@么想的。然而，我們后來發(fā)覺，全部的禮物都來自于共享的困難。我們漸漸了解到，災難中可能會發(fā)生一些奇妙的事情。全世界的人都特別關切克里斯，以至于每天都有信件和明信片涌入。到了第三個周末，在弗吉尼亞州的一個醫(yī)療中心，大約有35000封郵件已經(jīng)收到并分類。作為一個家庭，我們一封又一封地打開信，它們給了我們勸慰，成為我們力氣的源泉。我們用它們來激勵自己。假如我們須要歡樂，我會去標有“好玩”字樣的那一堆信，或者到“殘疾人”的信箱里，向坐在輪椅上甚至床上的人們尋求建議，讓他們歡樂而勝利地生活。這些信件，我們意識到，必需被共享，所以在這里我們供應其中一封給你。敬愛的克里斯，我丈夫和我很缺憾聽到你上周的騎行事故。毫無疑問，你的家人和摯友給了你力氣去面對這項技術挑戰(zhàn)。世界各地的人們也每天都在向你致以最奇妙的祝福，而我們也是那些讓你活下來的人之一。謹上，南?！だ锔⒔猓?.paralyzed['p?r?laizd]adj.癱瘓的，麻痹的2.chest

[t?est]n.胸，胸腔；柜子，櫥3.challenge[?t??lind?]n挑戰(zhàn)；質問4.pour

[p?:r]vt.灌，倒，注vi.傾瀉，流出5.pile

[pail]n.一堆，一疊v.積累6.technical

[?teknik?l]a.技術的，工藝的語法點撥：1.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.【歸納】so…that…引導結果狀語從句，表示“如此…以致…”,運用時要留意其倒裝方式，如：Thisbookissointerestingthateveryonewantstoreadit.這本書很好玩，人人都想看看。==Sointerestingisthebookthateveryonewantstoreadit.留意：sothat…通常用于引導目的狀語從句，表示“為了、以便…”,如：Theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.為了能趕上早班車，他們早早就起床了。2.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith"Funny"ifweneededalaugh.【歸納】thepileoflettersmarkedwith…其中markedwith為過去分詞作定語，相當于定語從句thatweremarkedwith…。留意體會現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的差別：boiledwater開水 boilingwater正沸騰的水developedcountries發(fā)展的國家 developingcountries發(fā)展中國家fallenleaves落葉 fallingleaves正在飄落的葉子changedcondition變更了的狀況changingcondition變更著的狀況【美文閱讀2】導讀：本文介紹的是水城威尼斯。它是世界上唯一沒有汽車的城市；它因水而生，因水而美，因水而興，號稱“亞得里亞?；屎蟆?。Venice—QueenoftheAdriaticThehistoriccityofVenicestretchesacrossashallowsaltwaterlagooninnortheastItaly.Thecitywasonceamajorseapowerandanimportantcenterforpoliticsandtrade.Ithassincefadedfromgloryanddeclinedininfluence,butthe"QueenoftheAdriatic"remainsrichinbeauty,art,andtourism.①BuiltonastringofislandsalongsidetheAdriaticSea,Veniceisfamousforitscanals,whichserveasroads.Theonlytransportationintheoldcitycenterhasbeenbyboatoronfootforcenturies.TraditionalVenetianboatsstillferrytouriststhroughthenarrowcanals,thoughnowadaysmostVenetianstravelbymotorizedwaterbus.Archedfootbridgestraversethecanals,②addingtothepicturesquecharmofthisfairytalecity.VeniceisEurope'slargestcar-freeareaandaWorldHeritageSite.③Whileitsuniqueinfrastructureisenoughtomakeitahistoricgem,Venicealsoboastsarichculturalhistory.DuringtheRenaissance,VenicewasoneofthemostimportantmusicalcentersinEurope.Countlessbooks,plays,musicalcompositions,andworksofarthavebeeninspiredbyVenice.Presently,thecitydrawsmorethansevenmilliontouristsperyear.Sadly,thefutureofVeniceisthreatened.Sincethe20thcentury,whenwellsbegantodrawwaterfromthegroundtosupportlocalindustry,Venicehasbeensinking.Inmanyoldhouses,lowerlevelstaircasesarenowfloodedandformergroundfloorshavebecomeuninhabitable.Nevertheless,Venetianlife④goesonandthecitycontinuestocharmitsmanyvisitors.威尼斯——亞得里亞?；屎髿v史名城威尼斯橫跨意大利東北部的一個咸水湖。這個城市曾經(jīng)是一個主要的海上力氣和重要的政治、貿(mào)易中心。雖然它從前的榮耀和影響力已經(jīng)褪去，這位“亞得里亞?；屎蟆痹诿谰?、藝術與旅游業(yè)方面依舊特別富有。建筑于亞得里亞海沿岸的一系列島嶼之上的威尼斯以運輸河而著名，運輸河就是這個城市的道路。幾百年來，舊城中心唯一的交通工具就是乘船或者步行。雖然現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)威尼斯人乘坐電動水上巴士，傳統(tǒng)的威尼斯船只仍舊在狹窄的運輸河中擺渡游客。拱形的人行天橋橫貫運輸河之上，為這座童話般的城市增加了如畫般的吸引力。威尼斯是歐洲最大的無車區(qū)，也是世界遺產(chǎn)城市。雖然獨特的基礎設施足以使它成為歷史珍寶，威尼斯還擁有豐富的文化史。在文藝復興時期，威尼斯是歐洲最重要的音樂中心之一。威尼斯激發(fā)了多數(shù)書籍、戲劇、樂曲和藝術品的產(chǎn)生。目前，這座城市每年吸引著七百多萬游客。令人難受的是，威尼斯的將來受到了威逼。自從20世紀人們從水井抽取地下水支持當?shù)毓I(yè)起先，威尼斯起先了下沉。在很多老房子里，低層的樓梯浸在水中，以前的一樓已經(jīng)無法住人。盡管如此，威尼斯的生活還在接著，這座城市使眾多的游客為之沉醉。重點單詞:1.lagoon[l?'gu?n]n.咸水湖2.Adriatic[,eidri'?tik]adj.亞得里亞海的3.ferry['fer?]vt.（乘渡船）渡過；用渡船運輸4.traverse['tr?v?s;tr?'v??s]vt.穿過5.picturesque[,p?kt??'resk]adj.生動的；圖畫般的6.heritage['her?t?d?]n.遺產(chǎn)7.infrastructure['?nfr?str?kt??]n.基礎設施8.gem[d?em]n.寶石，珍寶；精華9.boast[b??st]包含，容納；有10.Renaissance['r?n?sɑns]n.文藝復興（歐洲14至16世紀）重點短語/亮點句式：1.BuiltonastringofislandsalongsidetheAdriaticSea,Veniceisfamousforitscanals,whichserveasroads.建筑于亞得里亞海沿岸的一系列島嶼之上的威尼斯以運輸河而著名，運輸河就是這個城市的道路。（1）befamousfor因……而著名。如：Aschoolassuchshouldbefamousforitsteaching,itssportsandgames,anditsstrictdiscipline.一個像這樣的學校，必需在教學、運動、球戲、及嚴格紀律訓練等方面，能夠著名。（2）which引導的是一個非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞canals。如：Someoftheroadswereflooded，whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult.有些路被水淹了，這使得我們的行程更加困難。2.addto增加；加強。如：Thebadweatheraddedtotheshipwreckedsailors’difficulties.惡劣的天氣增加了失事船只的船員們的困難。3.Whileitsuniqueinfrastructureisenoughtomakeitahistoricgem,Venicealsoboastsarichculturalhistory.雖然獨特的基礎設施足以使它成為歷史珍寶，威尼斯還擁有豐富的文化史。while在此意為“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。如：Whileheloveshisstudents,heisstrictwiththem.雖然他愛他的學生，他對他們特別嚴厲。4.goon接著。如：Thissituationseemedtogoonindefinitely.這種狀況好像要無限期地接著下去。名句背誦：Mostignoranceisvincibleignorance.Wedon’tknowbecausewedon’twanttoknow.（AldousHuxley,Britishwriter）大多無知是可以克服的。我們不知道只是因為我們不想知道。（英國作家奧爾德斯?赫胥黎）【話題解讀】“歷史與地理”是中學英語課程標準話題之一，也是高考常考話題。本話題包括中國歷史與地理的基本學問、世界歷史與地理的基本學問、重大歷史事務以及與歷史活動有關的重要歷史人物、政治、經(jīng)濟、宗教活動等。通過＂歷史與地理＂這一話題的學習和高考考查，增加學生學習歷史與地理的愛好，提高學生的歷史底蘊和文化修養(yǎng)，促進學生的身心健康。

近幾年的高考英語中，“歷史與地理”這個話題屢見不鮮。在聽力、閱讀理解、完形填空、語法填空以及書面表達中，出題者常會涉及某個地方的史地概況、風土人情等，例如2024年浙江卷閱讀理解C篇、2024年江蘇卷閱讀理解D篇、2024年四川卷閱讀理解C篇、2024年北京卷書面表達、2015年新課標卷I和2015年新課標卷II的語法填空等。

【相關詞匯】Ⅰ.寫作必記單詞

1.attackvt.進攻；攻擊

2.disappearvi.消逝→disappearancen.消逝；失蹤

3.escapevi.逃跑

4.feedvt.喂養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)；靠……為生；向……供應

5.localadj.當?shù)氐摹鷏ocatevt.把……設置(在)；使……坐落(于)

→locationn.地點；位置

6.nativeadj.本地的；本土的

7.raisevt.飼養(yǎng)；提高

8.rangen.山脈；vi.排列；延長

9.ruinvt.毀壞；毀滅；n.廢墟；毀滅

10.strikev.突然侵襲；打擊；打動；突然想到

11.threatenvt.威逼；恐嚇→threatn.威逼

Ⅱ.閱讀識記單詞

12.abolishvt.廢除

13.aggressionn.侵略→aggressiveadj.侵略的；具有攻擊性的

14.betrayvt.出賣；泄露機密

15.distributevt.發(fā)放；分發(fā)→distributionn.安排；配給

16.droughtn.干旱

17.dynastyn.朝代

18.eruptvi.(火山)爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)→eruptionn.爆發(fā)

19.frightenvt.使驚恐→frighteningadj.令人驚恐的，駭人的→frightenedadj.膽怯 的；受驚的

20.foggyadj.有霧的→fogn.霧

21.freezingadj.冰凍的；極冷的→freezevi.&vt.將……冷凍，凍僵→frozenadj.結冰的，冷凍的

22.geographyn.地理

23.historicadj.歷史的；有歷史意義的→historyn.歷史→historicaladj.歷史(上)的；與歷史有關的

24.historicaladj.與歷史有關的

25.incidentn.事變

26.independencen.獨立

27.invadevt.侵略

28.monumentn.紀念碑

29.mountainousadj.多山的

30.occupyvt.占據(jù)；使勞碌

31.originn.起源；由來

32.religionn.宗教

33.religiousadj.宗教的

34.remoteadj.偏遠的；偏僻的

35.racialadj.種族的

36.revolutionn.革命

37.sacrificevt.犧牲

38.shortagen.缺乏

39.showern.陣雨；淋浴

40.supplyvt.供應；供應；n.供應；供應

41.terrifyvt.使恐怖

42.urbanadj.城市的；都市的

43.weaponn.武器

III.話題相關詞匯1.地理geography2.古跡historicalspot3.??；州province/state4.首都；省會capital5.礦藏，礦物質mineral6.東南方的southeastern7.西北方的northwestern8.遺址ruin9.郡/縣county10.華南SouthChina11.華北NorthChina12.師范高校NormalUniversity13.城市建筑urbanarchitecture14.藝術長廊theartgallery15.依據(jù)accordingto16.悠久歷史havealonghistory/withalonghistory17.挨近；靠近becloseto18.礦產(chǎn)資源mineralresourceIV.話題相關詞組1.城市規(guī)劃urbanplanning2.城鎮(zhèn)人口urbanpopulation3.追溯到datebackto4.以……為背景setin5.獨有的特色uniquefeatures6.占地面積7434平方公里coveranareaof7，434squarekilometres7.人口超過600萬haveapopulationofover6million/withapopulationofmorethan6million...8.2200年的悠久歷史haveahistoryof2，200years/withahistoryof2，200yearsV.好用句型1.廣州，別名花城，地處珠江三角洲(thePearlRiverDelta)北部，接近港澳。ThecityofGuangzhou,nicknamedasFlowerCity,islocatedinthenorthofthePearlRiverDelta,closetoHongkongandMacao.2.廣州是廣東省的政治經(jīng)濟文化中心。Guangzhouisthepolitical,economicandculturalcentreofGuangdongProvince.3.各地氣候差異很大。Theclimatedifferssharplyfromoneareatoanother.4.澳大利亞擁有極為豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源，且鐵礦儲量居世界其次。Australiahasprettyrichmineralresources,anditsironresourceisranked2ndintheworld.VI.佳作背誦假定你是星光中學的中學畢業(yè)生李華，母校將為高一新生舉辦主題為“Whattolearninseniorhighschool”的英語沙龍活動，特邀請你結合自身經(jīng)驗談談自己的體會。請依據(jù)以下提綱打算一份英語發(fā)言稿。1.學會學習：方法、習慣等；2.學會做人：真誠、友善等；3.其他方面：自擬。[參考范文]WhattolearninseniorhighschoolGoodmorning,everyone!Itismygreathonourtobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.Inthecomingthreeyears,yourschoollifewillbechallenging.Firstly，youshouldlearntolearnefficiently.Personally，Iusedtotryeffectivemethodstoachievemyacademicgoals.Developingagoodhabitisalsoofimportance.Itreallybenefitedmealottopreviewlessons,getactivelyinvolvedinclassandreviewwhathadbeentaughtafterclass.Inaddition，youshouldlearnhowtogetalongwithothersinschool.Forexample，Irespectedteachersandwasfriendlywithclassmates.Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.Finally，youshouldtakepartinsportsandotheroutdooractivitiesfrequently.Astheyareveryhelpfultobuildupyourbodyandenrichyourschoollife.Nopains，nogains.Iamsurethatwithyourgreatefforts,youwillenjoyacolorfulandfruitfullifehere.Thankyou!I.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AOnApril10,1912,theoceanlinerTitanicsetoffonitsfirstvoyagewithmorethan2,200peopleonboard.Itwasahistoricmoment.Theshipwasthelargestpassengershipintheworld.ButonthenightofApril14,theTitanicstruckagianticeberg.Withinhours,itsanktothebottomoftheocean.Therewereonlyenoughlifeboatsforabouthalfthepeopleonboard.Morethan1,500passengersandcrewmembersdied.Thetragedymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.Thetaleoftheshiphasinspiredmanybooks,playsandmovies.Thatincludes1997’sTitanic---oneofthemostpopularfilmsinhistory.Now,morethanacenturylater,areplica(復制品)oftheshipisbeingbuilt.TheTitanicIIisexpectedtofollowtherouteoftheoriginalship.Itisscheduledtolaunchin2024andsailfromSouthampton,England,toNewYorkCity.Inmanyways,theTitanicIIwillbehardtotellapartfromtheoriginalship.Itwillhavethesamecabinlayouts(布局)andservethesamefancymeals.ButaccordingtotheBlueStarLine,thecompanybuildingtheship,therewillbesomeimportantdifferences.TheTitanicIIwillhavethelatesttechnologyandsafetyfeatures---includingenoughmotor-drivenlifeboatsforeveryoneonboard.Thoughtheshipitselfwillbemoremodern,sailingonitwillbeajourneybackintime,saysClivePalmer,theOwnerofBlueStarLine.“Itisatribute(致敬)tothespiritofthemenandwomenwhoworkedontheoriginalTitanic,”hesays.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheTitanic?A.Itwasthelargestpassengershipofitsday.B.Morethan2,200peoplediedwhenitsankC.ItsetsailfromNewYorkCity.D.Itsankthefirstdayafteritsetsail.2.Whydoestheauthormentionthe1997movieTitanic?A.Todescribetheship’sdesign.B.Tohighlightthepublic’sinterestintheship.C.ToexplainwhytheTitanicsank.D.Tocomparethenewshipwiththeoriginalone.3.HowwilltheTitanicIIdifferfromtheoriginalship?A.ItwillfollowanewrouteacrosstheAtlanticOcean.B.Itwillservefancymealstopassengers.C.Itwillhaveenoughlifeboatsforallpassengers.D.Itwillhavesmallercabinsforpassengers.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUnsinkableTitanicB.TheTitanicSailsAgainC.TitanicStoriesWillGoonD.TheReconstructionofTitanicBThefirstorganizedsystemforsendingmessagesbeganinEgyptaround1500B.C.ThissystemdevelopedbecausethepharaohsfrequentlyneededtosendmessagesupanddowntheNileRiverinordertokeeptheirempirerunningsmoothly.Later,thePersiansdevelopedamoreefficientsystemforsendingmessagesusingmenandhorses.MessagescarriersrodealongtheroadsystemstretchingfromoneendofthePersianEmpiretotheother.Alongtheseroads,freshmenandhorseswaitedatspecialstationstotakeandpassalonganymessagesthatneededtobesent.Thestationswhereriderspassedmessagesbackandforthwerebuilt23kilometersapart,sothemenandhorseswereabletotravelquicklybetweenthem.TheRomanslatertookuphisideaandimproveditbyusingamoreadvancedandextensiveroadsystem.InChina,however,KublaiKhanhadbuiltuphisownsystemfordeliveringmessages.ThissystemworkedinthesamebasicwayastheRomansystem.ThedifferencewasthatKublaiKhankept300,000horsesalongtheroadsofthisdeliverylines.Therewereover10,000stationswhereamessagewouldbepassedfromoneridertoanotherwithafreshhorse.Inthisway,KublaiKhancouldreceivemessagesfromanywhereinthecountryinonlyafewdays.Itwasnotuntilthe1500sthatawell-organizedpostalsystemappearedagaininEurope.Onefamily,thevonTaxisfamily,gainedtherighttodelivermailfortheHolyRomanEmpireandpartsofSpain.Thisfamilycontinuedtocarrymail,bothgovernmentandprivate,throughoutEuropeforalmost300years.In1653,aFrenchman,RenouarddeVelayer,establishedasystemfordeliveringpostinParis.Postalchargesatthattimewerepaidbytherecipient,butdeVelayer'ssystemwasuniquebyallowingthesendertopre-paythecharges,inasimilarwaytothemodernstamp.Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.Eventually,government-controlledpostalsystemstookoverfromprivatepostalbusinesses,andbythe1700sgovernmentownershipofmostpostalsystemsinEuropewasanacceptedfactoflife.Thethingthatalltheseearlysystemshadincommonwasthattheywerequiteexpensiveforpublicuse,andwereintendedforusebythegovernmentandthewealthy.However,in1840,aBritishschoolteachernamedRolandHillsuggestedintroducingpostagestamps,andapostalratebasedonweight.Thisresultedinloweringpostalrates,encouragingmorepeopletousethesystemtostayintouchwitheachother,HisideahelpedtheBritishpostalsystembegintoearnprofitsasearlyas1850.SoonafterthatmanyothercountriestookupMr.Hill'sidea.Andletterwritingbecameaccessibletoanyonewhocouldwrite.Today,theRolandHillawardsaregiveneachyearto"encourageandrewardfreshideaswhichhelppromotephilately"(stampcollecting).5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Howinternationalletterstravel. B.Asurprisingmethodfordeliveringmail.C.Thehistoryofpostalsystems. D.Changesinthemethodsofcommunication.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRenouarddeVelayeristrue?A.Hiswasagovernment-controlledsystem.B.Hiscompetitorsdestroyedhisbusiness.C.Hissystemlastedforhundredsofyears.D.Inhissystem,thepersonwhoreceivedtheletterpaidthepostagefees.7.Whichofthesystemsmentionedinthepassagewasmostlikethepostalsystemtoday?A.Egyptian. B.Chinese.C.deVelayer's. D.vonTaxis's.8.WhatwasRolandHill'sgreatestachievement?A.Hemadeletterwritingaccessibletotheaverageperson.B.HemadealotofmoneyfortheBritishpostalsystem.C.Hemadestampcollectingapopularhobby.D.Hewonanawardforletterwriting.CAustraliaisasocietyofpeoplefromarichdiversity(多樣)ofcultural,ethnic,linguistic(語言的)andreligiousbackgrounds.MostAustraliansareimmigrantsorthedescendants(后裔)ofimmigrantswhoarrivedoverthepasttwocenturiesfrommorethan200countries.CulturalandlinguisticdiversitywasafeatureofAustralianlifebeforeEuropeansettlementandremainsadefiningfeatureofmodernsociety.ImmigrationbeganwithEuropeansettlementin1788.Itcontinuedatasteadypace—reaching50,000ayearduringtheGoldRushPeriodofthe1850s—untilthepopulationreachedsevenmillioninthe1940s.MostsettlerswerefromaBritishbackground.SincetheSecondWorldWar,theAustraliangovernment’simmigrationprogramhasbroughtmorethan6.6millionmigrantstoAustralia.Today,almostoneinfourofAustralia’sestimatedresidentpopulationof24millionwasbornoverseas.Thelast50yearshaveseenasignificantchangeinthesourcecountriesofpeoplewhochoosetocomehere.Inthe1960s,45%ofallnewsettlerswerebornintheUnitedKingdomandIreland.By2006to2007,thishadfallento17%,withsettlersandlong-termvisitorsincreasingfromcountriesintheAsia-Pacificregion,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Australiarecognizes,acceptsandrespectsculturaldiversity.Therearefewcountriesintheworldwheremigrantshaveachievedthelevelofeconomic,political,socialandculturalparticipationthattheyhaveinAustralia.ForeignlanguagesaretaughtinmostmainstreamAustralianschoolsanduniversities,aswellasincommunityethnicschools,manyofwhicharefundedbytheAustraliangovernment.TheAustraliangovernmentspendsalargeamountofmoneyeveryyearsupportingtheteachingandlearningforAsian,Europeanandindigenous(本土的)AustralianlanguagesandAustraliansignlanguageforthedeafinmainstreamschoolsaswellasthroughcommunitylanguageprograms.Foreignlanguagesaretaughtinbothprimaryandsecondaryschools.ThemostpopularlanguagesstudiedareJapanese,Chinese,French,Italian,German,Indonesian,Spanish,Vietnamese,ArabicandLatin.Around50%ofstudentsstudyaforeignlanguageatsometimeduringtheirprimaryandsecondaryschooling.Almost150languagesaretaughtinmainstreamandnon-mainstreamsettings.9.Fromthetext,wecanlearnthat.A.Australiabegantohavewavesofimmigrantsfrom1788B.mostAustraliansareimmigrantsfromaBritishbackgroundC.therewasn’tanyculturaldiversityinAustralianlifeuntilmoderntimesD.about6.6millionpeopleimmigratedtoAustraliaduringWorldWarII10.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout.A.Australia’sestimatedresidentpopulationB.theeffectsofAustralia’simmigrationprogramC.theincreaseinsettlersandlong-termvisitorsD.thechangeinthesourcecountriesofimmigrants11.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePopulationofAustralia.B.TheForeignLanguagesofAustralia.C.TheimmigrationPolicyofAustralia.D.TheculturalandLinguisticDiversityofAustralia.DRecentlyaccordingtoanewresearch,humanshavehadalinktostarches(含淀粉的食物)forupto120,000years—that’smorethan100,000yearslongerthanwe’vebeenabletoplanttheminthesoilduringthetimeoftheiceAge’sdrawingtoanend.TheresearchispartofanongoingstudyintothehistoryofMiddleStoneAgecommunities.AninternationalteamofscientistsidentifiedevidenceofprehistoricstarchconsumptionintheKlasiesRiverCave,inpresent-daySouthAfrica.Analyzingsmall,ashy,undisturbedhearths(壁爐)insidethecave,theresearchersfound“piecesofburnedstarches”rangingfromaround120,000to65,000yearsold.Itmadethemtheoldestknownexamplesofstarcheseatenbyhumans.Thefindingsdonotcomeasacompletesurprise—butratheraswelcomeconfirmationofoldertheoriesthatlackedtherelatedevidence.TheleadauthorCynthiaLarbeysaidthattherehadpreviouslyonlybeengeneticbiologicalevidencetosuggestthathumanshadbeeneatingstarchforthislong.Thisnewevidence,however,takesusdirectlytothedinnertable,andsupportsthepreviousassumptionthathumans’digestiongenesgraduallyevolvedinordertofitintoanincreaseddigestionofstarch.Co-authorSarahWurzsaid,“ThestarchremainsshowthattheseearlyhumanslivingintheKlasiesRiverCavecouldbattleagainsttheirtoughenvironmentandfindsuitablefoodsandperhapsmedicines.Andasmuchasweallstilldesirethetubers(塊莖),thesecavecommunitiesweregillingstarchessuchaspotatoesontheirfoot-longhearths.Theyknewhowtobalancetheirdietsaswellastheycould,withfatsfromlocalfishandotheranimals.”Asearlyasthe1990s,someresearchersstartedtostudythehearthsintheKlasiesRiverCave.ScientistHilaryDeaconfirstsuggestedthatthesehearthscontainedburnedplants.Atthetime,thepropermethodsofexaminingtheremainswerenotyetavailable.Wenowknowhumanbeingshavealwaysbeensearchingfortheirdesiredthings.12.Whendidhumansbegintofarmstarches?A.AftertheIceAge. B.AftertheMiddleStoneAge.C.About20,000yearsago. D.About100,000yearsago.13.Whatwasthepreviousassumptionofstarches?A.Starchdietpromotedfoodculture. B.Starchdietshapedhumans’evolution.C.Starcheshadavarietyoffunctions. D.Starchesofferedhumansrichnutrition.14.WhatcanwelearnabouttheearlyhumansdescribedbySarahWurz?A.Theyweresmartandtough. B.Theypreferredplantstomeat.C.Theyweregenerallyveryhealthy. D.Theygotalongwitheachother.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.GreatCivilizationofSouthAfrica B.TheEvolutionofFoodsinHistoryC.Starches--theImportantFoodofToday D.BigFindings--theStarchesinAncientTimesA【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講解并描述了泰坦尼克號沉船事務在當時引起了極大的公眾關注，泰坦尼克2號將采納最新的技術和平安裝備，確保平安。1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Theshipwasthelargestpassengershipintheworld.這艘船是世界上最大的客船。”可知在當時泰坦尼克號是最大的客船，故答案為A。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Thetragedymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.Thetaleoftheshiphasinspiredmanybooks,playsandmovies.這一悲劇成為全世界的頭條新聞。這艘船的故事激發(fā)了很多書籍、戲劇和電影的靈感。”可知泰坦尼克號沉船這件事在當時引起了極大的公眾關注，結合選項可知答案為B。3.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“TheTitanicIIwillhavethelatesttechnologyandsafetyfeatures---includingenoughmotor-drivenlifeboatsforeveryoneonboard.泰坦尼克2號將擁有最新的技術和平安裝備，包括足夠的機動救生艇供船上全部人運用。”可知泰坦尼克2號有足夠的救生艇，更加平安，故答案為C。4.主旨大意題。文章的主要內(nèi)容是：泰坦尼克號沉船事務在當時引起了極大的公眾關注，泰坦尼克2號將采納最新的技術和平安裝備，確保平安。由文章的主要內(nèi)容可知本文著重強調泰坦尼克2號的誕生，結合選項可知答案為B。B【答案】5.C6.B7.C.A【解析】本篇是說明文。主要介紹了世界郵政體系形成的來龍去脈。5.主旨大意題。文章介紹了世界郵政體系的雛形，新獨創(chuàng)及在各國的發(fā)展詳情。選項A大意與本文無關；B涉及，但不能概括全文；D面太廣，communicationmethods有很多種，不能切中大意。故選C。6.推理推斷題。第四段的第三句Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.可知他對手把活老鼠放入信箱導致他生