2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit3TheworldofscienceUsinglanguage素養(yǎng)練習(xí)含解析外研版必修第三冊

PAGE12-課時素養(yǎng)評價八Unit3UsinglanguageⅠ.單句語法填空1.Thecomputerhasbeenused(use)everydaysinceweboughtit.

2.MyMacBookProbrokedownandmypaperhasbeenleft(leave)unfinishedsince.

3.Morethan50,000yuanhasbeenraised(raise)forthepoorfamilysincethegroupwasfounded.

4.BlackFridayhasbeenregarded(regard)asthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseasonforyears.

5.Manyforeignfilmshavebeenshown(show)onTVsincelastmonth.

6.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt(hurt).

7.Someeffortsweremade(make)toimprovetheairqualityinthecitylastwinter.

8.Overthepastthreeyears,thepaintingshavebeentaken(take)tomorethan20museumsintheworld.

9.Thisisthefirsttimethatawomanhasbeenappointed(appoint)tothepost.

10.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,wasinvited(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonylastnight.

Ⅱ.完成句子1.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhathasbeenmarked.

當(dāng)你把紙拿回來的時候,要特殊留意做了標(biāo)記的東西。2.Papermoneyhasbeenusedforoveronethousandyears.紙幣已被運(yùn)用了1000多年了。

3.—Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentoldnottoplaywithfire?

—I’msorry.I’llneverdothatagain.——有多少次你被告知不要玩火?——我很愧疚。我再也不會那樣做了。4.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproducedallovertheworld.

在過去的幾年里,世界各地已經(jīng)制作了數(shù)千部電影。5.IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseIhavebeentoldtheclothwasheswell.

我想買那種布,因?yàn)橛腥烁嬷疫@種布很耐洗。6.Youcangohomeassoonasyourtaskhasbeenfinished.你的任務(wù)一完成你就可以回家。

7.Havethenewbookingsystemsforticketsbeenused?

新的訂票制度已在運(yùn)用中了嗎?Ⅰ.閱讀理解Theworld’sfirsthydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.TheybegancarryingpassengersonMondayinGermany’snorthernLowerSaxonystate.Thenewtrainwillrun100-kilometertripsandcantravelupto140kilometersanhour.AFrenchrailroadcompanycalledAlstombuiltthetwotrains.TeamsinGermanyandFrancecooperatedontheproject,whichwassupportedbytheGermangovernment.Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiaiLint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrompollution-producingdiesel(柴油)trains.Comparedwiththedieseltrains,theCoradiaiLintisdesignedtorunonnon-electrifiedtrainlineswithlowlevelsofnoise.Itusesaprocessthatcombineshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricalpower.Ifthesystemproducesmoreenergythanthetrainneedsatthattime,itcanstoretheextraenergyinbatteries.Theonlyemissions(排放物)arewaterandsteam.AsingletankofhydrogencanrunaCoradiaiLinttrainforabout1,000kilometers.Thisisverysimilartothedistanceadiesel-poweredtraincanrunonwithasingletank.Hydrogen-poweredtrainscostmorethandieseltrainstobuild.ButAlstomofficialssaytheoperatingcostsaremuchlower.Thecompanyplanstoprovideanother14CoradiaiLinttrainstoLowerSaxonyby2024.Theheadofrailroadoperationsinthearea,CarmenSchwabl,praisedreplacingdieseltrainswithhydrogen.Shesaidthemovewasanimportantfirststepinusingclean-burningtechnologiestoreachclimateprotectiongoals.Officialssaythearea’smanywindturbines(渦輪機(jī))willproducepartoftheenergytocreatethehydrogentopowerthetrains.AlstomsaysseveralotherEuropeancountrieshavealsoexpressedinterestindevelopinghydrogentrainsystems.Francehasalreadysaiditwantsitsfirsthydrogentraintobeoperatingby2024.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技說明文。文章介紹的是一種新型的氫動力火車。1.WhydidGermanybuildthenewtrains?A.Tomaketravelingmucheasier.B.Tocarrymorepassengers.C.Toreplacedieseltrains.D.TodevelopfriendshipwithFrance.【解析】選C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中其次段最終一句Thenewtrainmodel,calledtheCoradiaiLint,signalsthebeginningofeffortsinGermanyandothernationstomoveawayfrompollution-producingdieseltrains.(這款名為CoradiaiLint的新列車標(biāo)記著德國和其他國家起先努力擺脫產(chǎn)生污染的柴油列車。)可知,德國建立新火車的目的是取代柴油火車。故選C。2.Itcanbeconcludedthathydrogentrains_______.

A.arewidelyusedB.canproducewaterandoxygenC.canstopairpollutionD.areenvironmentallyfriendly【解析】選D。推理推斷題。由文中第三段Comparedwiththedieseltrains,theCoradiaiLintisdesignedtorunonnon-electrifiedtrainlineswithlowlevelsofnoise.和Theonlyemissionsarewaterandsteam.可知,新的氫動力火車具有低噪音的特點(diǎn),且其僅有的排放物是水和蒸汽,所以是環(huán)保的,故D為正確答案。3.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.World’sFirstHydrogenTrainsB.EffortstoReduceEmissionsC.SavingNaturalResourcesD.ANewWaytoMakeElectricity【解析】選A。主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Theworld’sfirsthydrogen-poweredtrainshavebegunrunninginGermany.”和全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹的是一種新型的氫動力火車的研制及其特點(diǎn)。所以A項(xiàng)World’sFirstHydrogenTrains(世界上第一批氫火車)符合文章大意。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空Luckily,Igotfourturkeysthisholiday.I1onlyoneofthem.Iknewmyneighborwasgoingthroughahardtime,soIdecidedtogiveonetothemasa2.

Thatstill3mewithtwoextraturkeys.I4tocookoneofthem,makesandwichesand5themtoanareaoftownwheremanypeopleseemtobeinneedoffoodandalittlekindness.

WhileIwaswaitingforthebustogetthere,IsawtwopeoplethatIthoughtmight6sandwiches.Themomenttheycamenear,I7themeachasandwichandtoldthemtohaveagoodday.

Onthebus,ayoungmothergotonwithherlittlegirl.Iofferedherasandwich,andshe8accepted.ThenIstartedgivingthemtoother9,alongwithsmilecards,andtheyalso10withsmiles.Bythispoint,Iwas11happinessandcouldn’thelpsmiling.Ifelt12becauseofthat.

Whenwegottothebusterminal,Ihadgivenawayfivesandwiches.Theactofgiving,thecaresharedandthe13smilesjustmademyheartfilledwithsomuch14.IthinkwhatIhavedoneisgoodforeveryone,15Iwilldothisagainsoon.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者向生疏人贈送火雞三明治,生疏人投以微笑,彼此都感到歡樂。1.A.needed B.noticedC.ordered D.saved【解析】選A。依據(jù)上文的“gotfourturkeysthisholiday”及下文的“Idecidedtogiveonetothem”和“twoextraturkeys”可知,作者只須要(needed)一只火雞。2.A.prize B.gift C.choice D.wish【解析】選B。依據(jù)上文的“holiday”及“give”可知,作者確定把一只火雞作為禮物(gift)送給鄰居。3.A.filled B.upset C.provided D.left【解析】選D。依據(jù)上文作者須要一只,送給鄰居一只及下文“twoextraturkeys”可知,作者還剩余(left)兩只火雞。4.A.learned B.waited C.helped D.decided【解析】選D。依據(jù)其次段第一句可知,作者還有兩只火雞,這里指作者確定把其中一只做成三明治。5.A.mail B.lend C.sell D.take【解析】選D。由_______themtoanareaoftownwhere...kindness可知,作者確定把其中一只做成三明治帶給他人。

6.A.have B.make C.like D.buy【解析】選C。依據(jù)下文作者送給這兩個人三明治可知,作者認(rèn)為這兩個人或許喜愛(like)三明治。7.A.cooked B.offered C.found D.paid【解析】選B。由本句后半部分“andtoldthemtohaveagoodday”可知,作者主動贈給(offered)這兩個人火雞三明治。8.A.gladly B.secretlyC.seriously D.suddenly【解析】選A。依據(jù)下文“theyalso_______withsmiles”可知,這位母親興奮地(gladly)接受了三明治。

9.A.passengers B.shoppersC.neighbors D.drivers【解析】選A。作者在公交車上,所以把三明治送給其他乘客(passengers)。10.A.refused B.triedC.accepted D.explained【解析】選C。由下文“withsmiles”可知,其他乘客也興奮地接受了(accepted)三明治。11.A.expecting B.requestingC.recording D.achieving【解析】選D。依據(jù)下文“andcouldn’thelpsmiling”可知,作者收獲著(achieving)華蜜。12.A.busy B.great C.safe D.nervous【解析】選B。依據(jù)上文“Iwas_______happinessandcouldn’thelpsmiling”可知,給生疏人贈送三明治讓作者覺得棒極了(great)。

13.A.surprised B.sadC.forced D.weak【解析】選A。作者給生疏人火雞三明治,當(dāng)然會讓他們感到驚異,所以他們的笑容也是驚異的(surprised)。14.A.joy B.calmness C.courage D.worry【解析】選A。由上文“Iwas_______happinessandcouldn’thelpsmiling”可知,作者內(nèi)心充溢喜悅(joy)。

15.A.if B.though C.but D.so【解析】選D。作者認(rèn)為自己所做的對每個人都有好處,所以(so)不久會再做一次。Ⅲ.語法填空Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.NearlytwodecadeshavepassedsinceChinalaunchedthefirstBeidousatellitein2000.Sincethen,moreBeidousatelliteshavebeensentintoorbit,1.__________(form)theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS).

Inlate2012,BDS2.__________(begin)providingservicestopeopleinChinaandotherpartsoftheAsia-Pacificregion.Attheendof2024,itstartedtoprovideglobalservices.NowwithtwomoreBeidousatellites3.(launch)onDec.16,2024,BDShas53satellitesinorbit.It4.__________(expect)togreatlyimprovethesystem’sabilitytoserve5.__________(user)worldwide.

Althoughasatellite-basednavigationsystemneedsonly24satellitestorun6.__________(proper),having53allowsforbettercoverage.

Thisis7.__________itworks:asignalreceiveronEarthmeasuresitsdistancefromatleastthreesatellitesbyrecordingtheamountoftimeittakes8.__________(receive)theirsignals.Thenitcancalculateitslocation.Withsomanysatellites,BDScanprovide9.__________moreaccuratecalculation.WhileGPSprovidesmeter-levelpositioningaccuracy,BDSreducestheerror10.centimeters.Thisserviceisespeciallyusefulforlandsurveying,mapping,agricultureandautomateddriving.

FutureplanscallforasmarterandmoreaccessiblesystemwithBeidouatitscore,tocomeonlineby2035.Bythen,wecanprobablysaythatRomehasfinallybeenbuilt.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我國自主研發(fā)的北斗定位系統(tǒng),包括其發(fā)展、作用、運(yùn)行模式、優(yōu)勢等。1.【解析】forming?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中已有謂語動詞havebeensent,無連詞,可推斷這是一個簡潔句,所以設(shè)空處用作非謂語動詞,在句中充當(dāng)狀語;設(shè)空處與邏輯主語Beidousatellites之間是主動關(guān)系,所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填forming。2.【解析】began?？疾橹^語動詞時態(tài)。分析句子成分可知,句中缺少謂語動詞,可推斷設(shè)空處充當(dāng)謂語;依據(jù)時間狀語Inlate2012可知,應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般過去時。故填began。3.【解析】launched?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中已有謂語動詞has,無連詞,可推斷這是一個簡潔句,所以設(shè)空處用作非謂語動詞,在句中充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語;設(shè)空處與邏輯主語Beidousatellites之間是被動關(guān)系,所以要用過去分詞。故填launched。4.【解析】isexpected。考查被動語態(tài)。分析句子成分可知,句子缺少謂語動詞,可推斷設(shè)空處充當(dāng)謂語;結(jié)合文章時態(tài)可知,應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時;主語it指的是BDS,與expect之間是被動關(guān)系,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填isexpected。5.【解析】users?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。設(shè)空處位于不定式toserve后面,充當(dāng)賓語,且此處指的是全世界的用戶,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指多個用戶。故填users。6.【解析】properly。考查副詞。設(shè)空處位于非謂語動詞torun后面,起修飾作用,修飾動詞要用副詞形式。故填properly。7.【解析】how?？疾楸碚Z從句連接詞。句意:這是它如何運(yùn)作的(模式)。分析句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中有系動詞is和謂語動詞works,可推斷含有兩個句子,所以設(shè)空處須要填入連接詞;從句位于is后面,是表語從句;依據(jù)后文的描述可知,這里說明的是運(yùn)行模式,即如何運(yùn)行,所以要用連接副詞how。8.【解析】toreceive?？疾楣潭ň湫?。分析句子“asignalreceiveronEarthmeasuresitsdistancefromatleastthreesatellitesbyrecordingtheamountoftimeittakes_______(receive)theirsignals”可知,句中含有省略關(guān)系詞that/which的定語從句ittakes_______(receive)theirsignals,修飾先行詞time;關(guān)系詞在從句中代替time充當(dāng)takes的賓語,此處考查固定句型ittakestimetodosth.,意為“做某事花費(fèi)多少時間”。故填toreceive。

9.【解析】a。考查冠詞。句意:因?yàn)橛羞@么多的衛(wèi)星,BDS可以供應(yīng)一種更精確的計(jì)算結(jié)果。calculation在句中意為計(jì)算結(jié)果,是可數(shù)名詞,前面沒有限定詞,無特指,須要填不定冠詞;more發(fā)音的第一個音素為輔音音素。故填a。10.【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。句意:盡管GPS供應(yīng)到米的定位精確度,但是BDS把誤差削減到了厘米。依據(jù)句意可知,此處考查固定表達(dá)reduce...to意為“削減到……”。故填to。閱讀理解ARobertJarvik,bornonMay11,1946inMichiganandraisedinStamford,isamedicalscientistandresearcher,whoplayedanimportantroleintheinventionoftheartificialheart.Hewasinterestedinmedicinefromayoungage.Hewatchedhisfatherperformoperationsandgainedapatent(專利權(quán))foramachineappliedinthemedicaloperationbeforehegraduatedfromhighschool.JarvikattendedSyracuseUniversityandconsideredacareerinart.Whenhisfatherdevelopedheartdiseasesuddenly,hedecidedthentoworkonamedicalcareer.Heappliedtomedicalschools,butwasnotadmittedtoanyschoolsintheUS.Beforelong,hewasadmittedtothemedicalschoolinItalyandstayedtherefortwoyears.HereturnedtogetadegreeinmedicinefromAfterworkingforaperiodoftime,Jarvikgotajobintheorgantransplant(器官移植)programattheUniversityofUtahin1972.Heworkedwiththedirectoroftheprogram,WillemKolff,whoinventedthekidneydialysis(腎透析)machine.BythetimeJarvikcametotheUniversityofUtah,theorganprogramhadalreadydevelopedtheprimaryartificialheart.Heimproveditbycreatingadiaphragm(膈膜),whichsolvedmanyBarneyClark,aretireddentistsufferingfromseriousheartdisease,receivedtheJarvik-7transplantonDecember2,1982.Helivedfor112daysaftertheoperation,butthetransplantwasconsideredasuccess.Thoughreceivingcriticismfortheriskoftransplantinganartificialheart,theJarvik-7stillbecameveryimportantforpatientswhowerewaitingforaheart.In1987,JarvikmovedtoNewYorkCityandformedJarvikResearchInc.Hebegandevelopinganewheart—theJarvik2000.Thissmallermachinefitsinsideapatient’sheartratherthanreplacingtheentireorgan.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章主要介紹了美國聞名的醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)家——RobertJarvik在獨(dú)創(chuàng)人造心臟方面做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。1.Whatmethoddoesthewriterusetodevelopthepassage?A.Bydiscussingresearchexperiments.B.Byfollowingthenaturaltimeorder.C.Bypresentingsomeresearchresults.D.Bycomparingopinionsfromdifferentfields.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。通讀全文可知,作者依據(jù)時間先后依次對RobertJarvik進(jìn)行了介紹。故選B。2.Theunderlinedword“issues”inParagraph4probablymeans“_______”.

A.items B.incidentsC.problems D.debates【解析】選C。詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞所在句Heimproveditbycreatingadiaphragm,whichsolvedmanyissueswiththeheart.可知,他通過創(chuàng)建膈膜來改善它,這解決了有關(guān)切臟的很多問題。由此推知,issues意為“問題”。故選C。3.WhichofthefollowingincidentsmadeRobertJarvikdeterminehislife-longcareer?A.Hisfatherdevelopedheartdiseasesuddenly.B.Hereceivedapatentforthemedicaloperation.C.HetookpartintheorganprogramattheUniversityofD.HewasrefusedtobeadmittedtoanymedicalschoolintheUS.【解析】選A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的Whenhisfatherdevelopedheartdiseasesuddenly,hedecidedthentoworkonamedicalcareer.可知,當(dāng)他的父親突然患上心臟病時,他確定從事醫(yī)療事業(yè)。由此可知,RobertJarvik是在父親突然患心臟病之后確定把醫(yī)學(xué)作為自己的職業(yè)的。故選A。4.WhatisthegreatestachievementforRobertJarvikasamedicalscientist?A.Heinventedthekidneydialysismachine.B.Hecreatedthefirstartificialheartin1981.C.Hecreatedadiaphragmtofitinsideapatient’sheart.D.Hedidthefirsthearttransplantoperationforapatient.【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的Eventually,hecreatedthefirstartificialheartin1981,theJarvik-7,tobeplacedinahumanpatient,whichwasconsideredoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.可知,最終,他在1981年創(chuàng)建了第一個人造心臟——Jarvik-7,被放置在人類病人身上,這被認(rèn)為是人類歷史上最重要的獨(dú)創(chuàng)之一。由此可知,RobertJarvik創(chuàng)建了人類歷史上第一個人造心臟,這是他作為醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)家的最宏大的成就。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】做細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題時肯定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確選擇。如第4小題,WhatisthegreatestachievementforRobertJarvikasamedicalscientist?要求推斷出作為一名醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)家,RobertJarvik最宏大的成就是什么。依據(jù)第四段中的Eventually,hecreatedthefirstartificialheartin1981,theJarvik-7,tobeplacedinahumanpatient,whichwasconsideredoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.可知,他在1981年創(chuàng)建了第一個人造心臟,這被認(rèn)為是人類歷史上最重要的獨(dú)創(chuàng)之一。由此可知,創(chuàng)建了人類歷史上第一個人造心臟是RobertJarvik作為醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)家的最宏大的成就。故選B。BChineseresearchershavedevelopedarobotdesignedtohelpdoctorstreattheCOVID-19andotherhighlycontagious(傳染的)diseases.Themachinehasalongroboticarmattachedtoabasewithwheels.Itcanperformsomeofthesamemedicalexaminationtasksasdoctors.Forexample,thedevicecanlistentosoundsmadebypatients’heartsandlungs.Camerasrecordtherobot’sactivities,whicharecontrolledatadistancesodoctorscanavoidcominginclosecontactwithinfectedpatients.Doctorsandothermedicalworkerscanrunthemachinefromanearbyroom,orfrommuchfartheraway.Therobot’smaindesignerisZhengGangtie,anengineerandprofessoratChina’sTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing.HetoldReutersnewsagencythathegottheideaforthemachinewhenthenumberofcasesoftheCOVID-19wasrisingquicklyinthecityofWuhan.OneofZheng’sfriends,headofBeijing’sTsinghuaSotheengineergatheredateamandwenttoworkontherobot.Zhengsaidtheteamwasabletochangetworoboticarms.Thenewrobotisalmostcompletelyautomated(自動化的),Zhengsaid.Itcanevendisinfectitselfafterperformingactionsinvolvingpatientcontact.“Doctorsareallverybrave,”ZhengtoldReuters.“Butthisvirusisjusttoocontagious...Wecanuserobotstoperformthemostdangeroustasks.”However,Zhengsaidhehadheardfromsomedoctorsthatitwouldbebetternottobuildsuchrobots.Thisisbecausemanypatientsstilldesireapersonalpresencetohelpcalmthemduringtreatment.TheteamnowhastworobotsandbothhavebeentestedbydoctorsathospitalsinBeijing.OnemachinewasoncetakentoWuhan’sUnionZhengwouldliketobuildmoreoftherobots,butmoneyfromtheuniversityhasrunout;eachrobotcostsabout$72,000tomake.Hedoesnotplantocommercializethedesign,buthopesthatacompanycanbeginthatprocess.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了北京清華大學(xué)教授鄭鋼鐵和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)了一款機(jī)器人,用來幫助醫(yī)生治療新型冠狀病毒肺炎和其他高度傳染性疾病。5.WhatareParagraphs4and5mainlyabout?A.Whentherobotwasdesigned.B.Howtherobotiscontrolled.C.Whotherobotisint