湖北省武漢市江岸區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期7月期末英語試題

江岸區(qū)20232024學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高二英語試題(考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdidthewomandoyesterday?A.Sheplayedfootball.B.Shewatchedagame.C.Sheworkedinthelab.2.WhereisJohn’sfather?A.Inthediningroom.B.Inthelivingroom.C.Inthegarden.3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthecourse?A.Itistough,B.Itisbad.C.Itiseasy.4.Whenwillthemanleavefortheairport?A.At2:30pm.B.At4:30pmC.At6:30pm.5.Howwillthespeakersgototheexhibition?A.Bybicycle,B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anactivityholiday.B.Theirhobbies.C.Theteamworkspirit.7.Whatdidthewomangetaprizefor?A.Climbing.B.Walking.C.Sailing.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthebook?A.Itisboring.B.Itisstimulating.C.Itisserious.9.Whowrotethebook?A.LoriGottlieb.B.AaronEsterson.C.ErikErikson.10.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Readthebook.B.Remendthebook.C.Findsomeonetoconsult.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatisthewomandoinginSydney?A.Traveling.B.Studying.C.Teaching.12.Whatispurposeofthecourse?A.Toevaluatestudentsreadingdifficulty.B.Toenhanceteachers’readingtechniques.C.Toimproveteachers’abilitytoteachreading.13.Whydoesthewomanchoosethecourse?A.Itismultitask.B.Itiscosteffective.C.Itistimeconsuming.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Trainerandtrainee.B.Bossandadvisor,C.Hostandguest.15.Whydoesthewomanmentionlosingweight?A.Toshowhowtoachieveagoal.B.Tostresstheimportanceofhealthyfood.C.Toexpressherwishtoimproveherhealth.16.Whatcanfriendsdotohelpingoalsetting?A.Findproblems.B.Tellthetruth.C.Givesupport.17.Whatmakesmostpeopledobadlyatreachinggoals?A.Failingtokeepfocused.B.Havingmanymissions.C.Losingtheirway.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatmadeChaiLingethisfirstbike?A.Hisownefforts.B.Hisfamily’shelp.C.Hissuccessfulbusiness.19.Whatisthemuseumintendedfor?A.Education.B.Fame.C.Recreation.20.WhatdoesChaiLinexpecttodo?A.Collectmoreantiques.B.Producenewbrandbikes.C.Expandtheexhibitionarea.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A“Thedaysthatmakeushappymakeuswise.”—JohnMasefieldWhenIfirstreadthislinebyEngland’sPoetLaureate,itstartledme.WhatdidMasefieldmean?Withoutthinkingaboutitmuch,Ihadalwaysassumedthattheoppositewastrue.Buthiscalmassurancewasarresting.Icouldnotforgetit.Finally,Iseemedtograsphismeaningandrealizedthatherewasaprofoundobservation.Thewisdomthathappinessmakespossibleliesinclearperception,notfoggedbyanxietynordimmedbydespairandboredom,andwithouttheblindspotscausedbyfear.Activehappinessnotmoresatisfactionorcontentment—oftenessuddenly,likeanAprilshowerortheunfoldingofabud.Thenyoudiscoverwhatkindofwisdomhasacpaniedit.Thegrassisgreener;birdsongsaresweeter;theshortingsofyourfriendsaremoreunderstandableandmoreforgivable.Happinessislikeapairof,eyeglassescorrectingyourspiritualvision.Noraretheinsightsofhappinesslimitedtowhatisneararoundyou.Unhappy,withyourthoughtsturnedinuponyouremotionalsadness,yourvisioniscutshortasthoughbyawall.Happy,thewallcrumbles.Thelongvista(展望)istherefortheseeing.Thegroundatyourfeet,theworldaboutyoupeople,thoughts,emotions,pressures—arenowfittedintothelargerscene.Everythingassumesafairerproportion.Andhereisthebeginningofwisdom.1.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialreactiontothelineinthe1stparagraph?A.Deepagreement. B.Casualness. C.Shock. D.pleteconfusion.2.Whatdoestheauthorbelievehappinessbringsintermsofwisdom?A.Areductioninfearandanxiety.B.Pessimisticexpectationsforthefuture.C.Discontentandplaintsaboutlife.D.Anunclearunderstandingofthesurroundingworld.3.Whentheauthormentions“thewallcrumbles,”whatdoeshereferto?A.Aphysicalobstacledisappears.B.Emotionaldistressandtroublesfadeaway.C.Fearsandworriesaboutthefuturedecrease.D.Thepursuitofhappinessbeeseasier.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要表達(dá)了作者對(duì)JohnMasefield說的“使我們快樂的日子使我們聰明”這句話的理解和感悟?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“WhenIfirstreadthislinebyEngland’sPoetLaureate,itstartledme.(當(dāng)我第一次讀到這位英國桂冠詩人這句話時(shí)，我大吃一驚。)”可知，當(dāng)作者第一次讀到這句話時(shí)，他感到很吃驚，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thewisdomthathappinessmakespossibleliesinclearperception,notfoggedbyanxietynordimmedbydespairandboredom,andwithouttheblindspotscausedbyfear.(快樂帶來的智慧在于清晰的感知，而不是被焦慮所模糊，被絕望和無聊所模糊，也沒有恐懼造成的盲點(diǎn)。)”可知，快樂帶來的智慧在于清楚地感知，而不是被焦慮、絕望和無聊所模糊，故作者認(rèn)為快樂帶來的智慧能減少焦慮和恐懼，故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句前文的內(nèi)容“Unhappy,withyourthoughtsturnedinuponyouremotionalsadness,yourvisioniscutshortasthoughbyawall.(不高興的話，你的思想就轉(zhuǎn)變成了情緒悲傷，那么你的視野就像被一堵墻阻隔了。)”可知，劃線句前文提到，如果你不高興的話，你的思想就轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸瘋那榫w，故此處“Happy,thewallcrumbles.(高興的話，這面墻就塌了。)”與前文的內(nèi)容相對(duì)，如果你高興的話，那些由不高興帶來的情緒困擾就會(huì)消失，故選B。BIwritethisonaspringmorning,inthevanIhavecalledhomefortwoyearsnow.Fromonesmallwindow,IhaveaviewofjoggerspoundingthesunnypathbytheOxfordCanal,andtheotherlooksontothebusyrailwaylinealongwhichtrainstravelfromSouthamptonDockstoBirmingham.ThewoodswhereI’veparkedmyvanhavegrownupbetweenthem.Thisancientvan,avehicledesignedforfreedomandtheopenroad,hasprovedastablesolutionforsurvivingthecurrenthousingcrisis.Ibecameatravelwriteraftermystudiesended,mittingtobrief“residencies”withmuseumsandartcentres—wheretemporaryacmodationisoftenprovidedinexchangeforproducingnewworkaboutamunity.Overtheyearsthatfollowed,livingandworkingonlocationinthepolarregionsorScandinaviaortheAlps,notsettlingdownforverylong,meantwhereverIlandedwasalways“home”.Duringthepandemicitwasnecessarytoadoptamorepermanentengagementwithlocality.Oxfordhadoftendrawnmeback.It’sacrossroadsofrealityandtheimagination,theperfectcityforawriter.Ittakesasurprisingamountofworktokeepatinyhomeinorder:buyingausedvanonline;ensuringthesmoothrunningofagascookerandcarbatteries;fetchingwaterandemptyingthemobiletoilet.Ibegantoenjoytakingcareofmyimmediatesurroundings.Overthesummer,Iworkedtoturnwastegroundintoawildgarden,replacingweedswithwildplants.Imadefriendswiththeselfsufficientboaterslivingnearby,alwaysreadytoshareknowledgeonthelowcarbonsimplicityoflifewithoutelectricity.I’velearntthatfortcanbefoundawayfromthebrightinfrastructureofurbanlife:inwatchingthebirdsthatnestinthetreeandthefoxesplayinginthewoodsatdawn,inmakingacupofcoffeeonaspringmorning.Mystepawayfromconventionalhousinghasbeenanecessaryactofpersonaleconomy,butthebenefitsincludetakingnothingforgranted,andunexpecteddelight.4.Whatdothejoggersandtherailwaylinerepresentintheauthor’sview?A.Twosourcesofinspirationforwriting.B.Twoobstaclestotheauthor’sdailylife.C.Twoplacestheauthorvisitsregularly.D.Twowaystheauthortravelsaround.5.Whatdoes“immediatesurroundings”inParagraph6referto?A.ausedvan B.agascooker C.awildgarden D.amobiletoilet6.Whatdoestheauthorenjoymostabouthislivingstyle?A.Drivinghisvanarounddifferentplaces.B.Transformingthewastegroundintoagarden.C.Theopportunitytomeetnewfriends.D.Thesenseofacplishmentandselfreliance.7.Whichofthefollowingisthemainbenefitofunconventionalhousing?A.Providingtemporaryshelter. B.Keepingatinyhomeinordereasily.C.Embracingdelightfulsurprises. D.Allowingformobilityandflexibility.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者作為旅行作家以面包車為家的體驗(yàn)和感受?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Fromonesmallwindow,IhaveaviewofjoggerspoundingthesunnypathbytheOxfordCanal,andtheotherlooksontothebusyrailwaylinealongwhichtrainstravelfromSouthamptonDockstoBirmingham.(從一扇小窗戶看出去，我可以看到慢跑者在牛津運(yùn)河邊的陽光明媚的小路上奔跑，另一扇窗戶則可以看大從南安普頓碼頭到伯明翰的繁忙的鐵路線。)”以及第五段“Oxfordhadoftendrawnmeback.It’sacrossroadsofrealityandtheimagination,theperfectcityforawriter.(牛津經(jīng)常把我吸引回去。這是現(xiàn)實(shí)和想象的十字路口，是作家完美的城市。)”可知，作者可以看到慢跑者在牛津運(yùn)河上奔跑，牛津是現(xiàn)實(shí)和想象的十字路口，是適合作家的完美城市，故作者將慢跑者和鐵路線看作是寫作的兩條靈感線，故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段畫線短語immediatesurroundings后文的內(nèi)容“Overthesummer,Iworkedtoturnwastegroundintoawildgarden,replacingweedswithwildplants.(整個(gè)夏天，我努力把荒地變成野生花園，用野生植物代替雜草。)”可知，此處的劃線短語immediatesurroundings(面包車周圍的環(huán)境)指的是后文提到的awildgarden，故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Imadefriendswiththeselfsufficientboaterslivingnearby,alwaysreadytoshareknowledgeonthelowcarbonsimplicityoflifewithoutelectricity.I’velearntthatfortcanbefoundawayfromthebrightinfrastructureofurbanlife:inwatchingthebirdsthatnestinthetreeandthefoxesplayinginthewoodsatdawn,inmakingacupofcoffeeonaspringmorning.Mystepawayfromconventionalhousinghasbeenanecessaryactofpersonaleconomy,butthebenefitsincludetakingnothingforgranted,andunexpecteddelight.(我和住在附近的自給自足的船夫交上了盆友，他們總是準(zhǔn)備好與我們分享無電低碳生活的知識(shí)。我了解到：舒適可以從明亮的城市生活基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中找到：在黎明時(shí)分，看著在樹上筑巢的鳥和在樹林里玩耍的狐貍，在春天的早晨泡一杯咖啡。我遠(yuǎn)離傳統(tǒng)住房是個(gè)人經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的必要行為，但好處包括從不想當(dāng)然，以及意想不到的快樂。)”可推知，關(guān)于自己的生活方式，作者最喜歡的就是在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中找到舒適的成就感以及自己依靠自己的滿足感，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段“Mystepawayfromconventionalhousinghasbeenanecessaryactofpersonaleconomy,butthebenefitsincludetakingnothingforgranted,andunexpecteddelight.(我遠(yuǎn)離傳統(tǒng)住房是個(gè)人經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的必要行為，但好處包括從不想當(dāng)然，以及意想不到的快樂。)”可知，住在面包車這種非傳統(tǒng)住房里可以隨時(shí)擁抱令人愉快的驚喜，故選C。CNotallbirdssing,butseveralthousandspeciesdo.Theysingtodefendtheirterritoryandcroon(柔聲唱)toimpresspotentialmates.“Whybirdssingisrelativelywellanswered,”saysIrisAdam,abehavioralneuroscientist.However,thebigquestionforherwaswhybirdssingsomuch.“Assoonasyousing,yourevealyourself,”Adamsays.“Like,whereyouareandwhereyourterritoryis.”InanewstudypublishedinthejournalNaturemunications,Adamandhercoworkersofferanewexplanationforwhybirdstakethatrisk.Theymayhavetosingaloteverydaytogivetheirvocal(發(fā)聲的)musclestheregularexercisetheyneedtoproducetopqualitysongs.Tofigureoutwhetherthemusclesthatproducebirdsongsrequiredailyexercise,AdamdesignedanexperimentonzebrafinchesthelittleAustraliansongbirds.Shepreventedthemfromsingingforaweekbykeepingtheminthedarkcagealmostaroundtheclock.Lightiswhatgalvanizesthebirdstosing,soshehadtoworktokeepthemfromwarbling(鳴叫).“Thefirsttwoorthreedays,it’squiteeasy,”shesays.“Butthelongertheexperimentgoes,themoretheyarelike,“Ineedtosing.““.Atthatpoint,she’dtapthecageandtellthemtostopsinging.Afteraweek,thebirds’singingmuscleslosthalftheirstrength.ButAdamwonderedwhetherthatimpactedthequalityofsongs.Whensheplayedamale’ssongbeforeandafterthesevendaysofdarkness,shecouldn’thearadifference.ButwhenAdamplayedittoagroupoffemalebirds,sixoutofninepreferredthesongthatcamefromamalewho’dbeenusinghissingingmusclesdaily.Adam’sconclusionshowsthat“songbirdsneedtoexercisetheirvocalmusclestoproducetopperformancesongs.Iftheydon’tsing,theyloseperformance,andtheirsongsgetlessattractivetofemales.”Thismayhelpexplainsongbirds’continuoussinging.It’sagoodruletoliveby,whetheryou’reabirdorahumanpracticemakesperfect,atleastwhenitestosingingone’sheartout.8.AccordingtoIrisAdam,birdssingsomuchto____________.A.warnotherbirdsofrisks B.producemoresongsC.performperfectlyinsinging D.defendtheirterritory9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“galvanizes”inParagraph3mean?A.Prepares. B.Stimulates. C.Forbids. D.Frightens.10.WhydidAdamconductanexperimentonzebrafinches?A.Tounderstandtheirmatingbehavior.B.Tostudytheirsingingpatterns.C.Totesttheeffectsofdarknessontheirsingingmuscles.D.Toanalyzethequalityoftheirsongs.11.Whatistheoverallmessageofthepassage?A.Singingisbeneficialforthosethatdo.B.Zebrafinchesareforstudyingsingingpatterns.C.Singingisariskforbirds,buttheyhaveto.D.Songbirdsneedtosingregularlyforattraction.【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)學(xué)家艾瑞斯·亞當(dāng)對(duì)于為什么鳥唱得這么多歌的研究?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theymayhavetosingaloteverydaytogivetheirvocal(發(fā)聲的)musclestheregularexercisetheyneedtoproducetopqualitysongs.(它們可能每天都要唱很多歌，讓它們的聲帶肌肉得到定期鍛煉，從而創(chuàng)作出高質(zhì)量的歌曲)”可知，亞當(dāng)認(rèn)為鳥兒每天都要唱很多歌，是為了更加完美地演唱。故選C。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句中上文“Shepreventedthemfromsingingforaweekbykeepingtheminthedarkcagealmostaroundtheclock(她把它們關(guān)在黑暗的籠子里，整整一個(gè)星期不讓它們唱歌)”和下文“soshehadtoworktokeepthemfromwarbling(所以她不得不努力防止它們鳴叫)”可知，光是刺激鳥兒歌唱的東西，所以她必須努力不讓它們鳴叫，她把它們關(guān)在黑暗的籠子里。由此可知，劃線詞的含義為“刺激”。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)以及第五段的“Adam’sconclusionshowsthat“songbirdsneedtoexercisetheirvocalmusclestoproducetopperformancesongs.Iftheydon’tsing,theyloseperformance,andtheirsongsgetlessattractivetofemales.”(亞當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論表明，“鳴禽需要鍛煉它們的聲樂肌肉才能創(chuàng)作出頂級(jí)的歌曲。如果它們不唱歌，它們就會(huì)失去表演能力，它們的歌曲對(duì)雌性的吸引力也會(huì)降低。”)

”可知，Adam進(jìn)行這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是為了測(cè)試黑暗對(duì)鳥兒歌唱肌肉的影響，進(jìn)而探究鳥類歌唱肌肉是否需要日常鍛煉來保持其性能。由此可推知，這是實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是為了研究鳥兒們的唱歌模式。故選B。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文尤其是最后一段“It’sagoodruletoliveby,whetheryou’reabirdorahumanpracticemakesperfect,atleastwhenitestosingingone’sheartout.(這是一條很好的生活規(guī)則，無論你是一只鳥還是一個(gè)人，實(shí)踐都是完美的，至少在唱歌時(shí)是如此)”可知，文章主要探討了為什么鳥類會(huì)頻繁地歌唱，盡管這可能會(huì)暴露它們的位置，帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，鳥類的歌唱肌肉如果不經(jīng)常使用，會(huì)失去一半的力量，而且歌唱的質(zhì)量會(huì)下降，對(duì)雌性鳥的吸引力也會(huì)減少。文章最后總結(jié)到，無論是鳥類還是人類，練習(xí)都是完美的關(guān)鍵，至少在傾訴心聲的歌唱方面是如此。A項(xiàng)“唱歌對(duì)唱歌的人有益。”符合語境，強(qiáng)調(diào)了練習(xí)和實(shí)踐的重要性。故選A。DWemayweepforthedodo,butcouldandshouldwebringthislovelybirdbackfromthedead?Deextinctionisthescienceofrestoringlostspeciesandithasbeeninthenewsfordecades.Thestoryinmoderntimesbeganin1990whenMichaelCrichtonpublishedhissciencefictionnovelJurassicPark,inwhichheimaginedaworldwherescientistswereabletobringdinosaursbacktolife.Crichtonimaginedthatpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)technologycouldbeawaytoamplify(放大)tinyquantitiesofdinosaurDNAandthusbuildalivingembryo.Sadly,biologistssoonrealizedthatDNAinfactbreaksdownsuperfast;evenafter10oyears,DNAfrommuseumskinsofdodoswasdecayed(腐爛)beyondrepair.Theycouldbesequenced(測(cè)定序列)usingmassiveputationalpower,butthenonlywithconsiderableuncertainty.AndevenifyoucaptureaDNAsequence,there’sstilltheproblemofhowyougetlivingcellstoreadthatsequenceandexpressproteinsthatmakethedinosaurorthedodo.Butwhywouldanyonewanttoseemammothsorsomethinglikethem,roaming(漫游)presentdaySiberia?Well,theywereundoubtedlyamazingbeasts.Aswellashuntingthem,ourdistantancestorspaintedtheirlikenessesincavesacrossEurope.Fascinatingastheymaybe,there’ssomeecologicaljustificationfortheprojecttoo.Itwasthisdiversityoflandsurface,brokenupbyheavylimbsandrandomlyfertilizedbyfaeces(排泄物),thatsupportedsomuchflora(植物群).Withoutthemammoths,thatdiversitydisappeared.Returnthemandlandscapeswouldonceagainbewithavarietyofspecies,includingflowersandbushes.True,it’snotdeextinctioninthesenseofbringingalongdeadspeciesbacktolife.Insteadit’smorelikemakinga“dodo”byengineeringamodernpigeon,itsclosestrelative,tobeehugeandflightless.Theresultwouldbeabig,fattypigeonthat,whetheritlookedlikeadodoornot,wouldprobablyfulfillsomeofitsecologicalroles.Asapaleontologist,Iwouldofcourselovetoseelivingdinosaurs,mammothsanddodos.Insomeways,though,Iamrelievedthattheoptimisticclaimsforcloningandgenetictechnologieshavenotbeenborneout.Theslowdowngivesustimetoconsidertheoutes—andhopefullyavoidsomeofMichaelCrichton’smorefeveredimaginings.12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Asciencefictionreview. B.ThedevelopmentofDNA.C.Aninspiredguessofdeextinction. D.TheapplicationofPCRtechnology.13.Whyarepeopleinterestedincloningextinctspecies?A.Theyexpecttoseekhuntfun. B.Theylacksourcesofmodernart.C.Theywanttoseebiodiversity. D.Theyneedthemforresearch.14.Whatdoestheslowdownincloningandgenetictechnologiesallowtheauthortodo?A.Witnessthebirthofcloneddinosaurs.B.AvoidMichaelCrichton’simaginings,C.Stoptheprogressofgeneticengineering.D.Considerthepotentialoutesofthesetechnologies.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcloningextinctspecies?ACautious. B.Unclear. C.Dismissive. D.Approving.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要探討了復(fù)活動(dòng)物滅絕物種（如渡渡鳥、猛犸象）的科學(xué)可能性與生態(tài)意義，雖然技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)重重，但若成功，或?qū)⒒謴?fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣性?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestoryinmoderntimesbeganin1990whenMichaelCrichtonpublishedhissciencefictionnovelJurassicPark,inwhichheimaginedaworldwherescientistswereabletobringdinosaursbacktolife.Crichtonimaginedthatpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)technologycouldbeawaytoamplify(放大)tinyquantitiesofdinosaurDNAandthusbuildalivingembryo.(現(xiàn)代的故事始于1990年，當(dāng)時(shí)邁克爾·克萊頓出版了他的科幻小說《侏羅紀(jì)公園》，他在小說中想象了一個(gè)科學(xué)家能夠讓恐龍復(fù)活的世界?？巳R頓設(shè)想聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)（PCR）技術(shù)可以擴(kuò)增少量恐龍DNA，從而構(gòu)建活胚胎)”可知，這一段主要講述了由邁克爾·克萊頓的小說《侏羅紀(jì)公園》引發(fā)的對(duì)滅絕物種復(fù)活的想象，特別是PCR技術(shù)可能用于放大恐龍DNA并構(gòu)建活胚胎的想法。因此，這段文字主要關(guān)于對(duì)滅絕物種復(fù)活的啟發(fā)性猜測(cè)。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Fascinatingastheymaybe,there’ssomeecologicaljustificationfortheprojecttoo.(盡管它們可能很吸引人，但該項(xiàng)目也有一些生態(tài)方面的理由)”以及第五段“Itwasthisdiversityoflandsurface,brokenupbyheavylimbsandrandomlyfertilizedbyfaeces(排泄物),thatsupportedsomuchflora(植物群).Withoutthemammoths,thatdiversitydisappeared.Returnthemandlandscapeswouldonceagainbewithavarietyofspecies,includingflowersandbushes.(正是這種陸地表面的多樣性，被沉重的四肢分解，并被糞便隨機(jī)受精，支撐了如此多的植物群。沒有長毛象，這種多樣性就消失了。歸還它們，景觀將再次出現(xiàn)各種各樣的物種，包括花朵和灌木)”可知，人們對(duì)克隆滅絕物種感興趣主要是因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌虼龠M(jìn)生物多樣性的恢復(fù)。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Insomeways,though,Iamrelievedthattheoptimisticclaimsforcloningandgenetictechnologieshavenotbeenborneout.Theslowdowngivesustimetoconsidertheoutes—andhopefullyavoidsomeofMichaelCrichton’smorefeveredimaginings.(不過，在某些方面，我感到欣慰的是，對(duì)克隆和遺傳技術(shù)的樂觀主張沒有得到證實(shí)。經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩給了我們時(shí)間來考慮結(jié)果——并有望避免邁克爾·克萊頓的一些更狂熱的想象)”可推知，技術(shù)的放慢使作者有時(shí)間考慮這些技術(shù)的后果，并避免一些過于狂熱的想象。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)整篇文章的語境，尤其是最后一段的“Insomeways,though,Iamrelievedthattheoptimisticclaimsforcloningandgenetictechnologieshavenotbeenborneout.Theslowdowngivesustimetoconsidertheoutes—andhopefullyavoidsomeofMichaelCrichton’smorefeveredimaginings.(過，在某些方面，我感到欣慰的是，對(duì)克隆和遺傳技術(shù)的樂觀主張沒有得到證實(shí)。經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩給了我們時(shí)間來考慮結(jié)果——并有望避免邁克爾·克萊頓的一些更狂熱的想象)”可知，技術(shù)的放慢使作者有時(shí)間考慮這些技術(shù)的后果，并避免一些過于狂熱的想象。由此可推知，作者對(duì)于克隆滅絕物種持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thereareseveralupsanddownsineveryone’slife.Nomatterhowstronganindividualis,thereisusuallyatimewhenhefindstheneedofsomeoneencouraginghimtomeetthechallenges.____16____Thatmaymakehimfeelthepowerandtheenergytodealwithallsortsofnegativityinlife.Thepowerofmotivationisbeyondexplanation.However,theperson,whobenefitsfromit,understandsitsimportanceinstantlyhehearsit.____17____Thefactisthatthereexiststhegapbetweenthespeechofanexpertandthatoftheaverage.AndprobablythereasonistheexperienceofalifecoachindealingwiththelifeofcountlesspeopleontheEarthinhisentirecareer.____18____Orrather,whateverhesaysoradvisesisnotonlytheoutputofthewordsonthepage,butalsowhathehaslearnedfromthelivesofpeoplearound.Itishisreallifeexperiencethatheusestoimprovethelivesofotherpeopleontheglobe.Havingmetcountlesspeoplethroughoutthecareer,thelifecoachbeesusedtotheproblems.____19____So,hiseverysuggestiongoesstraight,touchestheheartandincreasestheenergyofalistener,andeventuallyhelpsthemaddressdifferentproblemsinlife.Ifyouthinksuchspeechesaremerewordsandsentences,youareabsolutelywrong.Butactuallytheyarethemagicalwordsthatbringagreatchangeinthelifeofdisappointedandannoyedpeopleontheglobe.Withsuchspeeches,lifecoachesdigouttheproblemsthatthelistenerisfacinginlife.____20____A.Sometimes,itisnotdifficulttodefineanexpert.B.Inparticular,aspeechfromanexpertismotivational.C.Theknowledgeofanexpertisnotlimitedtothebooks.D.Especiallywhen1stuckindilemma,youreallyfeelhelpless.E.Besides,heknowswhatkindofsolutionswillprovethebest.F.Andtheyalsofindtherootcausetoeupwithafinalsolution.G.Ifyouthinkanyonecandeliversuchaspeech,youmightbewrong.【答案】16.B17.G18.C19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。每個(gè)人都有需要他人鼓勵(lì)的時(shí)候，這時(shí)生活導(dǎo)師能幫到我們。文章主要介紹生活導(dǎo)師是如何讓聽眾有動(dòng)力的?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thereareseveralupsanddownsineveryone’slife.Nomatterhowstronganindividualis,thereisusuallyatimewhenhefindstheneedofsomeoneencouraginghimtomeetthechallenges.(每個(gè)人的生活都有好幾次起起落落。無論一個(gè)人有多強(qiáng)大，通常都會(huì)有一段時(shí)間，他發(fā)現(xiàn)需要有人鼓勵(lì)他迎接挑戰(zhàn))”可知，每個(gè)人都有需要他人鼓勵(lì)的時(shí)候。B項(xiàng)“Inparticular,aspeechfromanexpertismotivational.(特別是，專家的演講具有激勵(lì)作用)”符合題意，選項(xiàng)是對(duì)上文的遞進(jìn)，其中motivational呼應(yīng)上文encouraging。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Thefactisthatthereexiststhegapbetweenthespeechofanexpertandthatoftheaverage.AndprobablythereasonistheexperienceofalifecoachindealingwiththelifeofcountlesspeopleontheEarthinhisentirecareer.(事實(shí)是，專家的演講和普通人的演講之間存在著差距。原因可能是一個(gè)人生導(dǎo)師在他的整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中處理過地球上無數(shù)人的生活)”可知，并非人人都能發(fā)表激勵(lì)他人的演講。G項(xiàng)“Ifyouthinkanyonecandeliversuchaspeech,youmightbewrong.(如果你認(rèn)為任何人都能發(fā)表這樣的演講，那你可能錯(cuò)了)”符合題意。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Orrather,whateverhesaysoradvisesisnotonlytheoutputofthewordsonthepage,butalsowhathehaslearnedfromthelivesofpeoplearound.Itishisreallifeexperiencethatheusestoimprovethelivesofotherpeopleontheglobe.(或者更確切地說，他所說的或建議的不僅僅是紙上文字的輸出，而是他從周圍人的生活中學(xué)到的東西。這是他的真實(shí)生活經(jīng)歷，他用它來改善世界上其他人的生活)”可知，專家的輸出不僅僅是文字上的，還有他自己的和別人的生活經(jīng)歷。C項(xiàng)“Theknowledgeofanexpertisnotlimitedtothebooks.(專家的知識(shí)并不局限于書本)”符合題意，下文是對(duì)選項(xiàng)的進(jìn)一步說明。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“So,hiseverysuggestiongoesstraight,touchestheheartandincreasestheenergyofalistener,andeventuallyhelpsthemaddressdifferentproblemsinlife.(因此，他的每一個(gè)建議都直截了當(dāng)，打動(dòng)人心，增加聽眾的能量，最終幫助他們解決生活中的不同問題)”可知，專家的建議都直截了當(dāng)，能解決問題。由此可知，他們知道什么的解決方法才是最好的。E項(xiàng)“Besides,heknowswhatkindofsolutionswillprovethebest.(此外，他知道什么樣的解決方案將被證明是最好的)”符合題意，選項(xiàng)中的best呼應(yīng)下文的goesstraight。故選E。【20題詳解】空處位于段末，應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文“Ifyouthinksuchspeechesaremerewordsandsentences,youareabsolutelywrong.Butactuallytheyarethemagicalwordsthatbringagreatchangeinthelifeofdisappointedandannoyedpeopleontheglobe.Withsuchspeeches,lifecoachesdigouttheproblemsthatthelistenerisfacinginlife.(如果你認(rèn)為這樣的演講只是單詞和句子，那你就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了。但實(shí)際上，它們是神奇的詞語，給世界上失望和煩惱的人們的生活帶來了巨大的變化。通過這樣的演講，生活導(dǎo)師挖掘出聽眾在生活中面臨的問題)”可知，生活導(dǎo)師挖掘出了聽眾的問題。由此推知，空處陳述他們找出問題的根本原因，并最終找到解決問題的方法。F項(xiàng)“Andtheyalsofindtherootcausetoeupwithafinalsolution.(他們也會(huì)找到問題的根本原因，并提出最終的解決方案)”符合題意。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenEugenieGeorgefirstheardthatherfriendpassedafinancialexam,herheartsank.She’d___21___thesametestweeksearlier.“Envywaseatingmeup,”recallsGeorge.Butanywayshe___22___herfriend.“AndItoldherIfailedandadmittedIwas___23___,”shesays.Georgeknewthatbeing___24___wouldeaseherenvy,butshewassurprisedthatitalsoenabledherto___25___herfriend’shappinessandexperienceherowninturn.Finding___26___inanotherperson’sgoodfortuneiswhatsocialscientistscallfreudenfreude,thegreatjoywefeelwhensomeoneelsesucceeds,___27___itdoesn’tdirectlyinvolveus.Freudenfreudeislikeakindofsocial___28___,saysCatherineChambliss,aprofessorofpsychology.Itmakesrelationships“closerandmoreenjoyable.”Toooften,wethinkourfriends___29___usmostduringtheirhardtimes:ajob___30___,gettingdivorced.Infact,howfriends___31___ourjoyisevenmoreimportantforusthanhowtheyrespondtoour___32___.Toooften,wethinkofjoypassively.Weseeitassomethingthatetous,insteadofsomethingwecan___33___.Whileitcanbedifficultinpractice,freudenfreudecanliftusupand___34___ourday.Socelebratingourfriends’___35___isawinwintousall.21.A.taken B.passed C.failed D.prepared22.A.congratulated B.forgave C.blamed D.ignored23.A.badlybehaved B.overburdened C.shortsighted D.greeneyed24.A.tough B.honest C.tolerant D.optimistic25.A.imagine B.understand C.share D.increase26.A.hope B.passion C.confidence D.pleasure27.A.evenif B.asif C.nowthat D.sothat28.A.platform B.glue C.booster D.routine29.A.support B.annoy C.upset D.need30.A.loss B.change C.interview D.application31.A.lookforwardto B.contributeto C.getusedto D.reactto32.A.envy B.plaints C.suffering D.mistakes33.A.predict B.produce C.choose D.measure34.A.fill B.start C.brighten D.balance35.A.survival B.success C.recovery D.generosity【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.D27.A28.B29.D30.A31.D32.C33.B34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章通過講述EugenieGeorge在面對(duì)朋友通過財(cái)政咨詢測(cè)試，從最初的情緒消沉到隨后坦誠地告知朋友自己對(duì)她的羨慕以及朋友對(duì)自己的激勵(lì)，這種態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變讓她不僅體驗(yàn)到朋友的快樂，也找尋到屬于自己的幸福。最終提出結(jié)論：從另一個(gè)人的好運(yùn)中尋找快樂會(huì)使你們的關(guān)系更加親密和愉快。分享別人的快樂也可以培養(yǎng)韌性，提高生活滿意度，幫助人們?cè)跊_突中合作。21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幾周前，她沒能通過同樣的測(cè)試。A.taken拿；B.passed通過；C.failed失??；D.prepared準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)后文“AndItoldherIfailed”可知，她失敗了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但不管怎樣，她還是祝賀了她的朋友。A.congratulated祝賀；B.forgave原諒；C.blamed指責(zé)；D.ignored忽視。根據(jù)前文“WhenEugenieGeorgefirstheardthatherfriendpassedafinancialexam”可知，她的朋友通過考試，應(yīng)是祝賀她的朋友。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我告訴她我失敗了，并承認(rèn)我嫉妒了。A.badlybehaved表現(xiàn)差的；B.overburdened負(fù)擔(dān)過重；C.shortsighted目光短淺的；D.greeneyed嫉妒的。根據(jù)前文“Envywaseatingmeup”可知作者是嫉妒的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：喬治知道，誠實(shí)會(huì)減輕她的嫉妒，但令她驚訝的是，這也使她