語法填空和短文改錯(cuò) 介詞

語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)——介詞高考感知Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____mydaysonTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Mostofusaremorefocused_____ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat_____theirhands.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda_____morethantwoyears.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway______carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.SuddenlyIsawafaintlight______thedistance.Iwavedmywhitescarfashardaspossible.二．提分技法１.“是否賓語”作依據(jù)介詞必須要接賓語，賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動名詞或者what從句充當(dāng)。若空格后是名詞、代詞或動名詞且他們在句中不作主語、表語和動詞的賓語，則要考慮介詞。2.“四種方法”來確定（1）根據(jù)介詞短語與謂語的邏輯關(guān)系。（2）根據(jù)語境含義結(jié)合介詞的用法。（3）根據(jù)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。（如接復(fù)合賓語就只能用with或without）(4)根據(jù)介詞與動詞等的搭配。三．考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一相近介詞如何辨析1.after和in:二者均表示在某一段時(shí)間之后，但該時(shí)段的起點(diǎn)不同。in：以此刻為起點(diǎn)的將來一個(gè)時(shí)段之后，常與將來時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞連用。after:A.與表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，常與過去時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞連用，這時(shí)相當(dāng)于“一段時(shí)間+later”。e.g.Helefthomeandwenttothefrontaftertwodays./twodayslater.B．與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞連用，常與將來時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞連用。e.g.I’llgoandseeherafterthreeo’clock.易錯(cuò)誤區(qū)：“inthepast”意為“在過去”，與過去時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞連用。e.g.Inthepast,novillagersdareddothat.“inthepast/last+時(shí)間段”意為“在過去地…中/內(nèi)”表示從現(xiàn)在算起過去的一段時(shí)間，包括此時(shí)此刻在內(nèi)，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。e.g.Inthepast/lastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthisvillage.2．表示空間和方位的介詞across,over,through,pastacross:“橫穿，穿越”表示運(yùn)動發(fā)生在物體的表面。over:意為“跨過，越過”表示運(yùn)動發(fā)生在物體的上方。through:意為“穿過，通過”表示運(yùn)動發(fā)生在某物的內(nèi)部。past:意為“從旁邊經(jīng)過”，表示運(yùn)動發(fā)生在某物旁邊。3.表示工具、手段、方式的介詞(1)by,in,on三詞都表示出行方式。A.by:表示“乘坐…交通工具”或“通過…方式”（涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by，但名詞需須用單數(shù)，其前面不加冠詞和任何修飾語）bysea,bytrain,bywater,byship等。B.旅行方式涉及到確定的交通工具時(shí)，用on或in,名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語，如：traveltoNewYorkinthisplanegotoschoolonmybike溫馨提示：表示步行、騎馬等均可用on，如onfoot,onahorse,onthecamel(2).with,by,in,through幾詞均譯為“用”，表示行為的工具、手段或方式。with用于有形的工具或身體某些器官等，其后的名詞多被冠詞、無物主代詞修飾。e.g.Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs.B.by,on,through等多用于無形的工具或方式手段。如byhand,onthetelephone,throughthetelescopein當(dāng)“用”講時(shí)，后常接表示語言、材料、原料等的詞。inink,inFrench,incash.(3).表達(dá)“用…方法/方式”時(shí)inthis/that/thesamewaybythis/thatmeans,bymeansof..withthis/that..method單句填空練習(xí)1：Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback___mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted…..Mostofusaremorefocused____ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat_____theirhands.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda____morethantwodays.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway___carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby____otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhatwasleft.OK.Don’tlaugh__me.Imaylookfunny.單句填空練習(xí)2：SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon___topfloor.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof____mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Thepoorofficerwasleftwith_____fastdecisiontomake.Ihave______affectionforcookingwithcoconutmilkandalsofriedfood.Ididhavetogo,butIcanshowyou_____reasonwhyIstayed．Afterlunch,shekindlyaskedmeifshecouldgiveme_____ridetosomewhere.考點(diǎn)二：介詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)有哪些？（結(jié)合短文改錯(cuò)中介詞的多用，漏用）及物動詞后誤加介詞：serve為…服務(wù)，如servepeople,serve后不加formarry和某人結(jié)婚,如marrysb.,marry后不加with和to.enter進(jìn)入，加入，如entertheroom,enter后不加into.approach接近，靠近，如approachthetown,approach后不加to.contact與…聯(lián)系，如contactsb.,contact后不加with.lack缺乏如lackwater,lack后不加of,短語alackof中的lack是名詞。discuss討論，如discusstheproblem,discuss后不加about.appreciate感激，如appreciatesth.appreciate后不加for.emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)如emphasizetheimportanceoftheproblem,emphasize后不加on.mention提到，如mentionthething,mention后不加about.reach到達(dá)如reachsomeplace,reach后不加to.help幫助，如helpsb,help后不加with.不及物動詞漏加介詞(1)“敲門”是knockatthedoor.(2)“回答問題”是replytothequestion(3)“同意你的觀點(diǎn)”agreewithyou(4)“聽某事”是listento(5)“到達(dá)某地”是arriveat/in/onsomeplace,arrivehome.(6)“擔(dān)心某人某事”是worryabout/oversb./sth.worrysb.意為“使某人擔(dān)心”。3.其他常見錯(cuò)誤：（1）表示“上周末”lastSunday,其前不加on.溫馨提示：當(dāng)時(shí)間名詞前被this,that,last,next,some,every等詞限定時(shí)，其前通常不用任何介詞。（2）表示“去那里”用gothere,there為副詞，go后加具體的地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)才to.考點(diǎn)三、改錯(cuò)題里有將介詞去掉的情況，那么介詞在哪些情況下可以省略？（結(jié)合短文改錯(cuò)題）一般來說，短文改錯(cuò)中會有一處需要去掉，而去掉的往往是介詞、冠詞等虛詞。以下是介詞常省略的情況：當(dāng)表示是時(shí)間的詞前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等限定時(shí)，介詞常省略。表示時(shí)間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作“每一…”解時(shí)，前面不用介詞。習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的省略。spendsometime(in)doingsth.wastesometime(in)doingsth.havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthbebusy(in)doingsth.stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.等。鞏固練習(xí)：Nearlyfiveyearsago,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplannedsomecherrytomatoes.Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesidesoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.Weappreciateyourapologiesandgoodwill,butwehopethatyoucanfigureagoodwayofsettlingthematter.考點(diǎn)四：短文改錯(cuò)常設(shè)錯(cuò)誤類型之多詞和缺詞短文改錯(cuò)技巧1--多詞錯(cuò)誤多詞錯(cuò)誤主要涉及英語中的一些“小”詞，如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號、人稱代詞、動詞be、比較級more等。具體說來，多詞錯(cuò)誤可能涉及的問題（1）及物動詞后接賓語時(shí)誤加介詞，（2）在該用動詞原形的地方誤加不定式符號to,（3）在物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等表示泛指時(shí)誤加定冠詞，（4）在一些可直接用作狀語的短語前誤加in,on,for等，（5）誤加一些導(dǎo)致語義重復(fù)的小詞（如two與both連用，all與whole連用等）（6）在本身已是比較級的詞前誤加more,（7）在不是從句的地方誤加從句引導(dǎo)詞，（8）在一些習(xí)慣用語和固定表達(dá)中誤加不該用的“小詞”（如冠詞、介詞、副詞等）.例題：1.Assoonaswearrived,sowedroppedthelinesintothewater.2.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingandhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.3.Otherwise,itisimpossibleforhimtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiptolastlong.4.Suddenlythearrowswereflyingdownatusfromthesky-theywerelookedlikerain.5.HereIaminthemiddleofacity,350milesfarawayfromourfarmhouse.6.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.7.Althoughwe’vebeendelightedtohaveyouasneighbors,we’rehopingtosettlesomethingthatborestous.8.SuddenlyMary,mybestfriend,askedmetolethertocopymyanswers.9.Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.10.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.11.KatewascovereditwithalotofChristmaslight.12.Youareverymorebeautifulthanbefore.短文改錯(cuò)技巧2——缺詞錯(cuò)誤與多詞錯(cuò)誤的情形相似，漏詞也主要涉及英語中一些“小”詞,如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號、人稱代詞（尤其是it）、動詞be、物主代詞等。具體說來，漏詞錯(cuò)誤可能涉及的問題有：(1)不及物動詞后接賓語時(shí)漏加必要的介詞，(2)在該帶不定式符號to的地方漏加to,(3)在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指意義時(shí)漏加必要的限定詞（尤其是漏加不定冠詞）(4)漏掉表特指的定冠詞，(5)漏掉被動語態(tài)中的助動詞be;漏加系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的連系動詞be，(6)漏加一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)或表達(dá)中的介詞（如becauseof中的of），(7)漏掉某些從句的“引導(dǎo)詞”（通常會導(dǎo)致意義不通）例題：1.Soreallyfriendshipshouldabletostandallsortsoftests.2.He