語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)--動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)【時(shí)態(tài)的基本概念】時(shí)態(tài)是表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作時(shí)間概念的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)專(zhuān)指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而言，不同時(shí)間概念的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，每一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)又有各自不同的動(dòng)詞形式。高中階段要求學(xué)生熟練掌握八種時(shí)態(tài)，此外現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在高中教材中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也應(yīng)列入"應(yīng)知應(yīng)會(huì)"的范圍。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或規(guī)律性的動(dòng)作。Eachpersonneedswaterandadietofhealthyfood.(P.2,SeniorBook1B)Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(P.8,SeniorBook2B)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的概念。引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：when,after,before,until,assoonas；引起條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：if,unless;so(as)longas。Iwillnotstopmyfightagainstslaveryuntilallslavesarefree.(P.52,SeniorBook1A)2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)了的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。諸如yesterday,last……ago都是典型的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Fortunately,Iwasintimefortheinterview.(P.34,SeniorBook2B)TheinterviewwentwellandItoldthecompanyaboutmyexperiencesandansweredtheirquestionsashonestlyasIcould.(P.34,SeniorBook2B)3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。----It'sabitwindytoday,isn'tit?----Yes,itis.Hopefullytomorrowwillturnoutfine.(P.43,seniorBook2B)Besides,youwillnotfindcoralnearthemouthsofriverseitherbecausetheriverwaterhastoomuchsoilinitorbecauseitispolluted.(P.20,SeniorBook2B)Doyouthinkourmanagerisgoingtohaveanewfactorybuilt?(P.24,SeniorBook2B)4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I'mdoingawordpuzzleinthisnewspaper.I'mtryingtofindthenameofafamousperson.Canyouhelpme?(P.1,SeniorBook2B)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)同always配合使用時(shí)，帶有厭惡、批評(píng)，不喜歡等感情色彩。Theyalsohavebadteeth,becauseofthesugarwhichtheyarealwayseating.(P.3,SeniorBook1B)5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Heboughtacoffeeandasthetrainwastravelingfastandmovingfromsidetoside,hedecidedtodrinkitthereandnottocarryitbacktohisseat.(P.32,SeniorBook2B)Over500peoplewereworkinginthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeoutonthe11thfloor.(P.6,SeniorBook1B)6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。Mr.BallhasjustcalledonMrs.Zhutogiveheramessage.(P.13,SeniorBook2B)同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是："剛剛探訪(fǎng)了朱夫人，給她帶了口信"，這件事距現(xiàn)在時(shí)間很近，沒(méi)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。WeshallhavetomakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavejusttoldyou.(P.19,SeniorBook1B)同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：現(xiàn)在你們已經(jīng)知道有關(guān)她的經(jīng)歷，不會(huì)影響做出決定。7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：比過(guò)去的一個(gè)參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間更早的動(dòng)作，作為參照的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間有時(shí)在句子中直接表述出來(lái)，有時(shí)通過(guò)上下文暗示。Herparentsweredeadandhadleftheralotofmoney.(P.14,SeniorBook2B)本句中hadleftheralotofmoney發(fā)生在herparentsweredead之前，比較容易看出"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"，應(yīng)該不會(huì)產(chǎn)生理解上的困難。Einsteinhadalwaysbeenfondofmusicandhadlearntmusicasayoungboy.(P.3,SeniorBook2B)課文一直在敘述愛(ài)因斯坦的經(jīng)歷、成就，使用的都是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。或者我們可以說(shuō)一般過(guò)去時(shí)是課文的基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)。課文的最后又倒敘愛(ài)因斯坦少年時(shí)代的事情，這是比基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)更早的動(dòng)作，因此兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在這類(lèi)句子中，作為參照的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間需要我們通過(guò)對(duì)文章的整體理解才能體會(huì)出來(lái)。8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：以過(guò)去某一時(shí)間為參照，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在賓語(yǔ)從句中由于時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的要求，經(jīng)常會(huì)用到過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Ithoughtitwasgoingtobefun.(P.54,SeniorBook1A)針對(duì)Ithought這個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作而言的將來(lái)。9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在句子中一般可以翻譯成"一直┉"。Peoplehavebeentalkingofitalotrecently.(P.25,SeniorBook2B)最近人們一直在大量地談?wù)撨@件事。Pippa'sparentshavebeenwaitingforthem.(P.61,SeniorBook2A)Pippa的父母一直在等他們。Foryearswehavebeendreamingbetterhousingandjobs.(P.37,SeniorBook2B)多年來(lái)我們一直夢(mèng)想著更好的住房和工作?！鞠嚓P(guān)知識(shí)及運(yùn)用】1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。上述三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)在使用中容易混淆是因?yàn)樗麄冇邢嘟牡胤?，這個(gè)相近之處就是"過(guò)去"?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念都同"過(guò)去"有關(guān)，彼此之間的混淆便由此產(chǎn)生。只有抓住他們的不同，才能熟練地將這三種時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開(kāi)。①一般過(guò)去時(shí)只用以陳述過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的事情。InapoordistrictinParis,intheyear1775,therewasawineshop,theownerofwhichwasMonsieurDefarge.(P.56,SeniorBook2B)向讀者陳述1775年所發(fā)生的故事的地點(diǎn)、人物等有關(guān)信息。②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，語(yǔ)意的重心著眼于現(xiàn)在。這種過(guò)去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種情況：a)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍具有影響。----Wouldyougotoseethefilmwithmethisevening?----Sorry,Ihaveseenitbefore.haveseenthefilm的動(dòng)作肯定發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是"我不想和你去看了"。b)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。表示這種延續(xù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到for、since一類(lèi)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IhaveworkedinBeijingsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.(從畢業(yè)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)WehavelivedinBeijingforabout20years.(20年前發(fā)生的"live"，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)③過(guò)去完成時(shí)必須有一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作作為參照點(diǎn)，由此發(fā)生了同一般過(guò)去時(shí)混淆的問(wèn)題。過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它必須有一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作為參照，比這個(gè)過(guò)去的參照動(dòng)作更早的動(dòng)作才能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如果沒(méi)有這個(gè)過(guò)去的參照的動(dòng)作，就沒(méi)有過(guò)去完成時(shí)，即使是一億年前的動(dòng)作也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.gottothecinema是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，hadbegun則發(fā)生在gottothecinema之前。進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的兩種概念現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)都具有兩種不同的時(shí)間概念：瞬間概念和階段概念。①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的瞬間概念就是"說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)候"。表示瞬間概念時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)是，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，正在過(guò)程中，但尚未結(jié)束?；谶@一特點(diǎn)，下列句子通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，以表達(dá)動(dòng)作沒(méi)有結(jié)束。Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.I'mgettingonwellwithmyEnglish.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的瞬間概念通常用表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimeyesterday.MotherwascookingwhenIcamehome.②階段概念的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是"段時(shí)間"，表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在做的動(dòng)作，至于動(dòng)作是否結(jié)束則不是說(shuō)話(huà)者所關(guān)心的。Heiswritinganewnovelthesedays.這些天他一直在寫(xiě)一本新小說(shuō)。（沒(méi)有干其他的事情）Theworkerswerebuildingabridgelastyear.這些工人們?nèi)ツ暌恢痹谛藿ㄒ蛔鶚颉?. 將來(lái)時(shí)的五種動(dòng)詞形式1.will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示"預(yù)見(jiàn)"和"主觀意圖"GothroughthegateandyouwillfindtheentrancetoBearCountryontheotherside.(P1,SeniorBook2A)（表示"預(yù)見(jiàn)"）Let'sgotogetherthen.Iwillmeetyouatthetheatreatsix-thirty.(P.19,SeniorBook2A)(表示"主觀意圖)2.begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示"打算做某事"或"已經(jīng)有跡象將要發(fā)生的情況。I'mgoingtocutthistreedown.(P.25,SeniorBook1B)Itisgoingtorain.(有跡象表明將要下雨)3.beto+動(dòng)詞原形，用以表示按照計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示命令、禁止。Themessageisthis:youaretogotothehotelwhereroomshavealreadybeenbookedforyou.(P.33,SeniorBook2B)4.willbedoing，在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中用以表示純粹的將來(lái)。Whowillbetakingoverherjob?Everybodyelsewillbewearingjewellery.(P.13,SeniorBook1B)5.用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式表示將來(lái)的概念。這種用法通常僅限于瞬間動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗查g動(dòng)詞不可能有"進(jìn)行"的概念，所以不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。Howmanyofyouaremakingthetrip?(P.9,SeniorBook1B)Isanybodyseeingyouoff?(P.13SeniorBook1A)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1I.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的形式填充。1.Let'skeeptothepointorwe______never_______(reach)anydecisions.2.Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassaying,soI'mafraidI______(miss)halfofit.3.Idon'tthinkJimsawme;he_____just______(start)intospace.4.I____(ask)younottomovemydictionary--nowIcan'tfindit.5.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople______(begin)toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.6.--GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?--No,I__________________(invite).Didtheyhaveabigwedding?7.Shirley_____(write)abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.8.JohnandIhavebeenfriendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe___________(see)eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.9.Hiswife___________(hope)tocatchthefirsttrainbutshewastoolate.10.I___________(catch)intheheavyrainonthewaytothecinema.11.Ifoundthesentence___________(notread)smoothly.12.Whathehadsaidatthemeeting_____(prove)true.13.---DidyouseeTomattheparty?---No.He__________(leave)bythetimeIarrived.14.---Howtimeflies!It'salready10o'clock.---Oh,I__________(notrealize)itatall.15.---I'msorrythatIshouldn'thavebeensorudetoyou.---Youdid_____(lose)yourtemperbutthat'sOK.II.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)的形式確翻譯下列各句：1.Thethieftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwho__________(一直抓著)himbutfailed.2.--WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?--Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_________(正準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)始)totakeashower.3.--YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhouse.--Oh,I__________(在等候)forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.4.---Whyhaven'tyouaskedhertocomehere?---She______(正在做工)animportantexperimentwhenIfoundherandshehasn'tfinishedit.5.---Whatwereyouuptowhenshedroppedin?---I__________(剛玩了一會(huì)兒)forawhileand____________________(正打算看書(shū))somereading.6.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou______often_____(會(huì)看到)advertisementshowinghappyfamilies.7.---Whatplaceisit?---Haven'tyouseenthatwearebackwherewe_____(回到了原地)?8.---Tomorrowismybirthday.I'dlikeyouandJanetocome.---I'mnotsureifshe__________(將)free.9.Thecrazyfans_________________(一直在等)patientlyfortwohoursandtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.10.You______________(要求你ask)nottomovethedesk--nowitisbroken.時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練21.BythetimeIsawtheangryexpressioninhisface,I_____exactlywhatIwashavingtoface.Butnotforamoment_______Ishouldquit.A.hadknown;IthoughtB.haveknown;hadIthoughtC.wouldknow;IwouldthinkD.knew;didIthink2.Insuchafiercecompetition,apersonhastomakeeveryeffortifhe_____.A.hassucceededB.istosucceedC.shouldsucceedD.willsucceed3.Themanopenedhiseyesandmovedhislips,asif______thathehadsomethingtotellthedoctor.A.sayingB.havingsaidC.tosayD.tohavesaid4.-IsthemeetingheldinRoom302or303?-Itshouldbe302.ButIhearthatit_____tilltomorrow.A.wasputoffB.willputoffC.hasbeenputoffD.isputoff5.TheUniversityofTokyoistheoldestuniversityinJapanandhasalwaysbeenintheleadwhenitcomesto____newchallenges.A.befacedB.faceC.facingD.faced6.Infact,moreandmorepeople_____toliveagreener,healthierandmoreenvironmentally"greenlife".A.choseB.chooseC.arechoosingD.havechosen7.Ourcar_____atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesQingdaoataboutnineo'clocktonight.A.wentB.isgoingC.goesD.willbegoing8.Chinais_____to______continuedhelptoIraqinitsreconstruction.A.willingly;giveB.willing;givingC.willing;offerD.will;offering9.-Ithoughtyouweregoingtoleaveearlytodaytotakeyoursontotheshow.-I________,butIcan'tleaveuntilIfinishtypingalltheletters.A.hadplannedtoB.plannedtoC.amstillplanningtoD.wasstillplanningto10.Unfortunately,whenwedroppedin,DoctorLi_______forIndonesiatorescuetheinjuredthere,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.A.hasjustleftB.wasjustleavingC.hadjustleftD.justleft11.-Istheradiobotheringyou?-Itcertainlyis.I'dlikeit_______.A.turnedoffB.toturnoffC.beingturnedoffD.turningoff12.Theteacherseldomletanopportunitytoteachhisstudentsortohelpthemmakeupforthedaysofschoolingtheyhadmissed______.A.passB.passingC.topassD.beingpassed13.Recentlyquitealotofexperts_____thatanotherlawonwildlifeprotection______assoonaspossible.A.suggested;mustbepassedB.havesuggested;bepassedC.weresuggested;mustbepassedD.suggested;beingpassed14.He______faultwithotherpeoplethoughhedoesn'tdohisworkproperly.A.alwaysfindsB.hasalwaysfoundC.isalwaysfindingD.alwaysfound15.I_____forthreehourswhenIsuddenlybecamesick.A.hadbeenworkingB.wouldworkC.haveworkedD.amworking16.-HasGeorgereturnedfromJapanyet?I'dliketomeethim.-I'mterriblysorry,buthe_____backhereonlyforlastweekend.A.hasbeenB.wouldbeC.hadbeen