陜西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷（含答案）

陜西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年上學(xué)期期末考試高二英語(yǔ)第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。DiscovertheCanadianRockiesbyrailandcar.EnjoytwodaysaboardthescenicRockyMountaineer,combinedwiththefreedomtodiscoverfantasticBanffNationalParkinyoursparetimebyrentalcar.AbouttheTourYourtourstartsinVancouver,whereyoucanexplorethesceniccityonyourownandvisitVancouverLookoutforthewholeviews.Afterarelaxingevening,you'llstartyourseconddaywithtravelaboardtheRockyMountaineer,fromVancouvertoKamloops,theheartofBritishColumbia.Getyourcamerasreadyfordramaticscenery,fromtherushingwatersofHell'sGatetomountainpeaks.ContinueeasttoAlberta,acrossranchlands,lakeshores,mountainpassesandtunnels,arrivinginthetownofBanff.Youcanhaveyoursupperbytastingthelocalfood,butthecostfallsonyou.SpendthenextdayenjoyingBanffonyourown,andthendrivetoLakeLouiseandYohoNationalPark.TravelthroughKananaskisCountryandthewide-openranchesofAlbertabeforearrivinginCalgary,whereyou'llspendaneveningtouringthecitybeforeyourtripcomestoanend.Highlights2daysofscenicrailtravelonboardtheRockyMountaineerFreeHotelaccommodations（住宿）forallthe5nights4freemeals3-dayfull-sizecarrentalwithGPSandunlimitedmileageVancouverLookoutCalgaryTowerAdditionalInformationItisyourdutytocheckandfulfillthepassport,visa,andhealthrequirementsapplicable（合適的）toyourjourney.Wedonotacceptanylossifyoucannottravel,orreceiveanyotherlossbecauseyouhavenotobeyed（遵循）anypassport,visa,orhealthrequirements.Youaretopaybacktousinrelationtoanyfinesorotherlosseswhichwegetasaresultofyourfailuretofollowanypassport,visa,orhealthrequirements.1．Wheredoesthetourend?A．Banff. B．Calgary.C．Alberta. D．YohoNationalPark.2．Whichisfreeofchargefortourists?A．Accommodations. B．Takingthetrain.C．Drivingarentalcar. D．Allmealsduringthetrip.3．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusin"AdditionalInformation"?A．Rulesduringthetravel. B．Riskofbreakingtravelrules.C．Responsibilitytravelersneedtotake. D．Thetroubleingettingthepassport.Eyesaresaidtobethewindowtothesoul—butresearchersatGoogleseethemasindicatorsofaperson’shealth.AstudysuggeststhatGoogle’scomputerscanpredictwhethersomeoneisatriskofaheartattackbyanalyzingaphotographoftheirretina(視網(wǎng)膜).Theresearchreliedonaconvolutionalneuralnetwork,atypeofdeep-learningalgorithm(算法)thatistransforminghowbiologistsanalyseimages.Google’sapproachispartofawaveofnewdeep-learningapplicationsthataremakingimageprocessingeasierandcouldevenidentifyoverlookedbiologicalphenomena.Theapproachtookoffinthetechsectoraround2012,butscientistsstruggledtoapplythenetworkstobiology,inpartbecauseofculturaldifferencesbetweenfields.“Takeagroupofsmartbiologistsandputtheminaroomofsmartcomputerscientistsandtheywilltalktwodifferentlanguagestoeachother,andhavedifferentmindsets,”saysDaphneKoller,chiefcomputingofficeratCalico.However,throughyearsofstudy,somescientistshaveseenashiftthathasneverhappenedbeforeinhowwellmachinelearningcanaccomplishbiologicaltasksthathavetodowithimaging.Othersaremostexcitedbytheideathatanalysingimageswithconvolutionalneuralnetworkscouldunknowinglyrevealunnoticeablebiologicalphenomena,encouragingbiologiststoaskquestionstheymightnothaveconsideredbefore.Suchdiscoveriescouldhelptoadvancediseaseresearch.Ifdeeplearningcanrevealmarkersofcancerinanindividualcell,itcouldhelptobringaboutnewassumptionsabouthowcancerspreads.Othermachine-learningexpertsinbiologyhavesettheirsightsonnewfrontiers,nowthatconvolutionalneuralnetworksaretakingflightforimageprocessing.“Imagingisimportant,butsoischemistryandmolecular(分子)data,”saysAlexWolf,acomputationalbiologist.Wolfhopestoimproveneuralnetworkssothattheycananalysegeneexpression.“Ithinktherewillbeaverybigbreakthroughinthenextfewyears,”hesays.4．Whatdoweknowaboutaconvolutionalneuralnetwork?A．Itcanpredictdiseases. B．Itisalearningmachine.C．Itcantransformimages. D．Itisanimageprocessor.5．WhatcanweinferfromDaphneKoller’swords?A．Barriersexistincertainfields. B．Scientistshavedifferentresearchaims.C．Characterspreventscientificcooperation. D．Technicallimitationisthebiggestchallenge.6．Withfurtherstudyofconvolutionalneuralnetworks,______.A．manybiologicalquestionsgetansweredB．itdrivesbiologiststoexplorethefieldwidelyC．imageanalysiscangoonwithoutbeingnoticedD．manydeep-learningapplicationshavebeenimproved7．Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A．Neuralnetworksarepromising. B．Itisconvenienttoprocessimages.C．Itisnecessarytoworkonnewfrontiers. D．Analyzinggeneexpressionisimperfect.AfterBerninibrokehisneckandlostallmovementsbelowhisshoulderswhenhewas18,hisbrainstilltoldhishandshowtomove--butthemessagecouldn'tgetthroughtheinjuredpartthatconnectshisbraintootherpartsofhisbody.Now,thankstorecentadvancesinelectricalstimulation(刺激)technology.Berninicanonceagaingrasp,pour,andevenplayGuitarHero.Todoso,heusesamicro-electrodearray(MEA)thatreadshisbrain'ssignalsandsendsthemthroughwirestosomethinglikeasleeveonhisarmthatelectronicallystimulateshismuscles.Inthepastyears,researchershaveusedseveralapproachestoguidepatientslikeBerninitomovetheirhands.Insomesystems,researchersimplanted(植入)sensorsinshouldermusclesthatpatientscouldstillcontrol,allowingthemtomoveonehandbycontractingmusclesintheoppositeshoulder.Othersystemsusebrainimplantssimilartothoseinthenewstudy,buttocontrolroboticarms,ratherthanthepatient’sownmuscles.Butneverbeforehasapatientbeenabletopreciselymovehishandusingthesameneural(神經(jīng)的)signalsthatcontrolledhishandbeforehisinjury.AfterimplantingtheMEAinBernini'sbrain,researchersconnectedittoacomputer.Berninitrainedthesystemtoconnectpatternsofneuralsignalstospecificmovementsbyrepeatedlymirroringthemovementsofanimaginaryhandonacomputerscreen.Soon,Berninicouldholdlargeobjectslikeglassesandliftsmallobjectslikestraws.Hecouldalsomoveeachfingeronhisownjustbythinkingaboutit,whichprevioussystemshadneverachieved.Anditwasabsolutelyanamazingmoment.8．HowisBernininow?A．Hedoeswellinplayingtheguitar.B．Hehasrecoveredfromhisneckinjury.C．Histhoughtscancontrolhishandmovements.D．Hisshouldermusclesguidehishandmovement.9．Whatdidresearcherswanttodothroughbrainimplantsinthepast?A．Controlthepatients'hands.B．Guiderobotstohelppatients.C．Helppatients'ownmusclescontract.D．Repairpatients'injuredneuralsignals.10．What'sthebreakthroughinBernini'scasecomparedwithpreviousstudies?A．Hecanholdandliftobjects.B．Hecanmoveeachfingerindependently.C．Hecanrecognizehisspecificmovements.D．Hecanuseneuralsignalsforhandmoving.11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MovingHandsbyContractingMuscles.B．UsingNewSystemsforMuscleInjuries.C．SendingNeuralSignalsbyWires.D．LinkingthoughtstoMovements.Ifyoucouldchangeyourchild'sDNAinthefuturetoprotectthemagainstdiseases,wouldyou?ItcouldbepossiblebecauseoftechnologyknownasCRISPR-Cas,orjustCRISPR.CRISPRinvolvesapieceofRNA,achemicalmessenger,designedtoworkononepartofDNA；italsousesanenzyme(If)thatcantakeunwantedgenesoutandputnewonesin,accordingtoTheEconomist.ThereareotherwaysofeditingDNA,butCRISPRwilldoitverysimply,quickly,andexactly.TheusesofCRISPRcouldmeanthatcuresaredevelopedforeverythingfromAlzheimer'stocancertoHIV.Byallowingdoctorstoputjusttherightcancer-killinggenesintoapatient'simmunesystem,thetechnologycouldhelpgreatly.InAprilscientistsinChinasaidtheyhadtriedusingCRISPRtoeditthegenomes(基因組)ofhumanembryos.Thoughtheembryoswouldneverturnintohumans,thiswasthefirsttimeanyonehadevertriedtoeditDNAfromhumanbeings.Withthisinmind,theUS'NationalAcademyofSciencesplanstodiscussquestionsaboutCRISPRsethics(倫理問(wèn)題).Forexample?CRISPRdoesn'tworkproperlyyet.AswellascuttingtheDNAitislookingfor,itoftencutsotherDNA,too.Inaddition,wecurrentlyseemtohavetoolittleunderstandingofwhatDNAgivespeoplewhatqualities.TherearealsomoralquestionsaroundplayingGod”.Ofcourse,medicinealreadystopsnaturalthingsfromhappening-forexample,itsavespeoplefrominfections.Theopportunitiestotreatdiseasesmakeithardtosayweshouldn'tkeepgoing.Aharderquestioniswhetheritiseverrighttoedithumangerm-line(種系)cellsandmakechangesthatarepassedontochildren.Thisisbannedin40countriesandrestrictedinmanyothers.However,CRISPRmeansthatifgenescanbeeditedout,theycanalsobeeditedbackin.Itmaybeuptousasasocietytodecidewhenandwhereeditingthegenomeiswrong.Also,accordingtoTheEconomist,geneeditingmaymeanthatparentsmakechoicesthatarenotobviouslyinthebestinterestsoftheirchildren:“Deafparentsmayprefertheirchildrentobedeaftoo；parentsmightwanttomaketheirchildrenmoreintelligentatallcosts.Intheend,moreresearchisstillneededtoseewhatwecanandcan'tdowithCRISPR.“It'sstillahugemysteryhowwework,”CraigMello?aUMassMedicalSchoolbiologistandNobelPrizewinner,toldTheBostonGlobe,"We'rejusttryingtofigureoutthisamazinglycomplicatedthingwecalllife.12．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Whatwecanandcan'tdowithCRISPR.B．HowCRISPRwasdevelopedbyscientists.C．TheadvantagesofCRISPRandargumentsaboutitsethics.D．Scientists'experimentsofusingCRISPRtoedithumanembryos.13．Accordingtothepassage,thetechnologyofCRISPR.A．isverysafebecauseitonlycutstheDNAitislookingforB．isbannedinmostcountriesandrestrictedinmanyothersC．couldcauseparentstomakeunwisechoicesfortheirchildrenD．couldhelpusdiscoverthelinkbetweenDNAandthequalitiesitgivespeople14．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A．a(chǎn)lldiseasescouldprobablybecuredthroughtheusesofCRISPRB．scientistshadnevereditedgenomesbeforeCRISPRwasinventedC．CRISPRisatechnologythatusesanenzymetoworkonRNAandDNAD．CRISPRhasproventobethemosteffectivewaytoprotectchildrenagainstdiseases15．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsCRISPR?A．Supportive. B．Worried. C．Negative. D．Objective.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtocleanupyourdeskManypeoplegettheirmostimportantworkdoneatadesk.Justimaginethatyourdeskismessyordisorganized._16_Onceyoudoabigcleaningofyourdesk,youshouldbeabletokeepitcleanfairlyeasily.However,firstyouneedtogothrougheverythingonyourdeskandfindanewwaytoorganizeallofit.Sortthroughyourpile._17_Don’tmissanything.Asyousort,removejunkandtrash.Separateimportantthingsthatwilleventuallygoonshelvesorindrawers._18_Takethepileofthingsthataren'ttrashbutdon'tseemOKonyourdeskandputtheminadustbinoradrawer.Leavethatcontainerinabasement,acloset,orsomewhereelse.Replaceobjectsonthedesk.Takeeachobjectfromthefirstpileandplaceitonyourdeskoronashelf.Usethelabelsyou'vecreatedoruseanotherorganizationalsystem._19_Cleanyourdeskregularly.Themorefrequentlyyoucleanyourdesk,theeasieritwillbeeachtime._20_Thisway,itiscertainthatyou'llcomeintoacleanandusableworkplacethenextday.Ofcourse,itisnotamusttocleanyourdeskoffeveryday.Butatleast,dochooseonedayperweekormonthtoreallycleanyourdeskthoroughly,dependingonhowquicklyitgetsmessyordisorganized.A．Wipedownthefilesonthedesk.B．Storeobjectsyou'reunsureabout.C．Begingoingthroughthepilefromthetopdown.D．Puteachitembackonthedesk,onethingatatime.E．Attheendofeachday,lookatyourdeskandtidyitup.F．Removeabsolutelyeverythingandplacethemallinonelargepile.G．Itcanbedifficulttofocusortokeeptrackofyourimportantprojects.第二部分 語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AnimalRightsEveryconsciousbeinghasintereststhatshouldberespected.Nobeingwhoisconsciousofbeingaliveshouldbedevaluedtothinghood,dominated,andusedasaresourceor____21____.Thekeypointoftheideaknownasanimalrightsisamovementtoextendmoralconsiderationtoall____22____beings.Nobodyshouldhavetodemonstrateaspecificlevelofintelligenceorbejudgedbeautifultobegivenmoralconsideration.Nobeingshouldhavetobeusefultohumanityorcapableofaccepting“duties”inordertobeextendedmoralconsideration.____23____,whatotheranimalsneedfromusisbeingfreefromdutiestous.Animalrightsisaboutlettinganimalsliveontheirownterms.Itcanbewrittenintoourlaws,butisnotanactuallistorbillofrightsaswehaveforhumansociety.Itbeginswithourpromisesnottoactlike____24____ofothers.Animalrightsisaboutjustice—treatinganimalsfairly.Whyisanimalrights____25____?Itisbecausewehumansoftenactasthoughwearetheonlybeingsontheplanet.Althoughwedependonotheranimalsforourverysurvival,humansaretheonlyanimalsthathaveupsetthebalanceofnature.Therearelotsofwaysthathumans____26____animals.Wedomesticatethemandusethemforfood,eventhoughournutritionalneedscanbecompletelysuppliedbya(n)____27____diet.Althoughothermaterialsareavailable,weuseanimal’sskinandotherbodypartsforclothing,furs,hats,boots,jewelleryandevenpettoys.Humanscantalkaboutitbutanimalscannot.Allanimalswishtoexperiencelifeinitsfullness.Unlikemanyanimalswhohavetokilltosurvive,humansdonot.Whyshouldhumanscause____28____tootherbeingswhenit’snotnecessary?Aswedo,animalsprotecttheirchildren;theyfeelfear;theywarneachotherofdangers;theyplay.Wemightdifferfromotheranimalsinsomeways,butthatdoesn’tgiveustherightto____29____themdown,taketheirlands,pollutetheirwaters,orusethemforourconveniences.Animalsalsoexperiencepainandit’snotdifficulttoobserve______30______ofpaininthewayaconsciousbeingreactstoit.Wetakeadvantage,causedistress,andact______31______whenweuseanimalsforamusement.Lotsofpetsare______32______onthestreetswhentheirownersnolongerfinditconvenientoraffordabletokeeporcareforthem.Whetherweadmititornot,it’saprejudicetothinkweare______33______toanimalsandthatitisourrighttocontrolthem,whichcanonlymakepeopleactmean,hatefulorneglectful.However,eachofushaswithinusthepowerto______34______.Wecanadoptadifferentattitude,onethatreshapeourdestiny.Thiswillhavewonderfuleffectsontheplanet’sothercommunities,forlifeis______35______avoidingsuffering.Itisinteracting,singing,pursuingjoy.Wehumanscanlearntoliveresponsibly,withrespect,kindnessandlove.21．A．companies B．goods C．insects D．providers22．A．a(chǎn)ctive B．conscious C．intelligent D．strange23．A．Indeed B．Moreover C．Nevertheless D．Otherwise24．A．followers B．friends C．masters D．tutors25．A．necessary B．neglected C．respected D．revolutionary26．A．distinguish B．eliminate C．exploit D．raise27．A．a(chǎn)nimal-free B．eco-friendly C．low-salt D．well-balanced28．A．conflict B．confusion C．isolation D．misery29．A．calm B．chase C．pull D．tear30．A．signs B．symbols C．symptoms D．performances31．A．differently B．enthusiastically C．gently D．unfairly32．A．a(chǎn)bandoned B．chosen C．oppressed D．spoiled33．A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．a(chǎn)ppealing C．reasonable D．superior34．A．change B．dominate C．persist D．proceed35．A．contraryto B．morethan C．owingto D．ratherthan第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。EnglishplaywrightArthurWingPinerosaid,“Wherethere’stea,there’shope.”SimilarlyinChina,itissaid____36____firewood,rice,cookingoil,salt,sauce,vinegarandteaarethesevennecessary____37____(item)tobeginaday.Teais,withoutdoubt,welcomedallovertheworld.Teaismuchmorethanjustahotdrink.It’sabigpartofmanyculturesaroundtheworld.PeopleinChinausetop-gradetea____38____(show)respectwhen_____39_____（receive）importantguests.Meanwhile,____40____Britishtraditionofafternoonteaisanimportantpartofthatcountry’sidentity.Asan_____41_____(express)ofMoroccanhospitalityandtradition,minttea–amixofgreentea,spearmint(綠薄荷)leavesandsugar–______42______(serve)duringgatheringsandnegotiations.Apartfromits_____43_____(culture)significance,teaisalsoamedicine,____44____(use)fromancienttimestomodernday.“Teaiscoldandlowersthefire,”ChineseherbalistLiShizhenoncesaid.Thehealthbenefitsofteaarestillbeingdiscoveredtoday:preventingheartdisease,obesityandcancerhaveallbeenlinked______45______drinkinggreentea.寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）第一節(jié)（滿(mǎn)分15分）46．假定你是李華，下周將參加一場(chǎng)主題為“AHeroinMyHeart”的英語(yǔ)演講比賽。請(qǐng)撰寫(xiě)一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括1.人物簡(jiǎn)介；2.主要事跡；3.所受啟發(fā)。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿(mǎn)分25分）讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)一段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Amancamehomefromworklate,tiredandunhappy,tofindhis5—year—oldsonwaitingforhimatthedoor.Howtheboywishedtohavefunwithhisfatherathomeevenforashorttime.“Daddy,mayIaskyouaquestion?”“Yeahsure.whatisit?”repliedtheman.“Daddy,howmuchdoyoumakeanhour?”“That’snoneofyourbusiness.Whydoyouasksuchathing?”themansaidangrily.“Ijustwanttoknow.Pleasetellme.Howmuchdoyoumakeanhour?”pleadedthelittleboy.“Ifyoumustknow,Imake$20anhour.”“Oh,”thelittleboyrepliedwiththeheaddown.Lookingup,hesaid.“Daddy,mayIpleaseborrow$10?Thefatherwasangry.“Iftheonlyreasonyouaskedthatisthatyoucanborrowsomemoneytobuyasillytoyorsomeothernonsense,thenyoumarchyourselfstraighttoyourroomandgotobed.Thinkaboutwhyyouarebeingsoselfish.Iworkhardeverydayforsuchchildishbehavior.”Thelittleboyquietlywenttohisroomandshutthedoor.Themansatdownandstartedtogetevenangrieraboutthelittleboy’squestions.“Howdareheasksuchquestionsonlytogetsomemoney?”hethoughttohimself.Afteraboutanhourorso,themancalmeddown,andstartedtothink:Maybetherewassomethinghereallyneededtobuywiththat$10andhereallydidn’taskformoneyveryoften.Themanwenttothedoorofthelittleboy’sroomandopenedthedoor.“Areyouasleep,son?”heasked.“No,daddy,I’mawake.”repliedtheboy.I’vebeenthinking.maybeIwastoohardonyouearlier,”saidtheman.“IthasbeenalongdayandItookoutmyangeronyou.Here’sthe$10youaskedfor.”Thelittleboysatstraightup,smiling.“Oh.Thankyou,daddy!”heshouted.Then,reachingunderhispillowhepulledoutsomecrumpled(皺巴巴的)bills.注意：1．所續(xù)寫(xiě)短文的詞數(shù)不少于100詞；2．續(xù)寫(xiě)部分開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好；Theman,seeingthattheboyalreadyhadmoney,startedtogetangryagain.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Notknowingwhathissonmeant,thefatherjuststoodthere,waitingforhisboy’sexplanation._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．B

2．A

3．C本文是應(yīng)用文。這是一則乘火車(chē)和汽車(chē)探索加拿大落基山脈的旅游廣告。在美麗的洛基登山隊(duì)上享受兩天的時(shí)間，并在空閑時(shí)間乘坐租車(chē)自由地探索美麗的班夫國(guó)家公園。廣告介紹了與旅游有關(guān)的一些信息。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AbouttheTour中的“TravelthroughKananaskisCountryandthewide-openranchesofAlbertabeforearrivinginCalgary,whereyou'llspendaneveningtouringthecitybeforeyourtripcomestoanend.”（在到達(dá)卡爾加里之前，你將穿過(guò)卡那納斯基斯的鄉(xiāng)村和阿爾伯塔省開(kāi)闊的牧場(chǎng)，在你的旅程結(jié)束之前，你將在卡爾加里度過(guò)一個(gè)夜晚。）由此可知，旅行在卡爾加里結(jié)束。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Highlights中“FreeHotelaccommodations（住宿）forallthe5nights”（5晚免費(fèi)住宿），由此可知，“住宿”對(duì)游客是免費(fèi)的。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)AdditionalInformation中的“Itisyourdutytocheckandfulfillthepassport,visa,andhealthrequirementsapplicable（合適的）toyourjourney.（你有責(zé)任檢查和履行與你的旅行有關(guān)的護(hù)照、簽證和健康要求。）由此可知，在“附加信息”中，作者想告訴我們旅行者需要承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。故選C。4．D

5．A

6．B

7．A這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在圖像處理領(lǐng)域的興起和應(yīng)用。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Theresearchreliedonaconvolutionalneuralnetwork,atypeofdeep-learningalgorithmthatistransforminghowbiologistsanalyseimages.Google’sapproachispartofawaveofnewdeep-learningapplicationsthataremakingimageprocessingeasierandcouldevenidentifyoverlookedbiologicalphenomena.”（這項(xiàng)研究依賴(lài)于卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這是一種深度學(xué)習(xí)算法，正在改變生物學(xué)家分析圖像的方式。谷歌的方法是新一輪深度學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序的一部分，這些應(yīng)用程序使圖像處理變得更容易，甚至可以識(shí)別被忽視的生物現(xiàn)象。）和“Othersaremostexcitedbytheideathatanalysingimageswithconvolutionalneuralnetworkscouldunknowinglyrevealunnoticeablebiologicalphenomena,encouragingbiologiststoaskquestionstheymightnothaveconsideredbefore.”（其他人最興奮的是，使用卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析圖像可能會(huì)在不知不覺(jué)中揭示不明顯的生物現(xiàn)象，從而鼓勵(lì)生物學(xué)家提出他們以前可能沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)的問(wèn)題。）可知，aconvolutionalneuralnetwork是一種深度學(xué)習(xí)算法，幫助處理圖像，生物學(xué)家通過(guò)圖像可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)的生物現(xiàn)象。故選D。5．推理判斷題。由文章第三段“Theapproachtookoffinthetechsectoraround2012,butscientistsstruggledtoapplythenetworkstobiology,inpartbecauseofculturaldifferencesbetweenfields.”（這種方法在2012年左右在科技領(lǐng)域開(kāi)始流行，但科學(xué)家們難以將這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用于生物學(xué)，部分原因是不同領(lǐng)域之間的文化差異。）可推知，后文DaphneKoller舉例的那一段話就是為了說(shuō)明論證前面culturaldifferencesbetweenfields，說(shuō)明在不同領(lǐng)域會(huì)存在的文化不同，形成交流障礙。故選A項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Othersaremostexcitedbytheideathatanalysingimageswithconvolutionalneuralnetworkscouldunknowinglyrevealunnoticeablebiologicalphenomena,encouragingbiologiststoaskquestionstheymightnothaveconsideredbefore.”（另一些人則最為興奮的是，使用卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析圖像可能會(huì)在不知不覺(jué)中揭示不可見(jiàn)的生物現(xiàn)象，從而鼓勵(lì)生物學(xué)家提出他們以前可能沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)的問(wèn)題。）可推知，卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析圖像可能會(huì)讓生物學(xué)家更深入廣泛地探索他們的領(lǐng)域。故選B項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段““Imagingisimportant,butsoischemistryandmoleculardata,”saysAlexWolf,acomputationalbiologist.Wolfhopestoimproveneuralnetworkssothattheycananalysegeneexpression.“Ithinktherewillbeaverybigbreakthroughinthenextfewyears,”hesays.”（“成像很重要，但化學(xué)和分子數(shù)據(jù)也很重要，”計(jì)算生物學(xué)家亞歷克斯·沃爾夫說(shuō)。沃爾夫希望改進(jìn)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，使其能夠分析基因表達(dá)?！拔艺J(rèn)為未來(lái)幾年將會(huì)有一個(gè)非常大的突破，”他說(shuō)。）可推知，神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將有一個(gè)很有前途的將來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。8．C

9．A

10．B

11．D這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了通過(guò)電刺激技術(shù)，Bernini可以再次通過(guò)思想來(lái)控制自己的行動(dòng)。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“AfterBerninibrokehisneckandlostallmovementsbelowhisshoulderswhenhewas18,hisbrainstilltoldhishandshowtomove”18歲時(shí)，Bernini摔斷了脖子，肩膀以下的部位失去了活動(dòng)能力，但他的大腦仍然告訴他的手如何移動(dòng)。由此可知，他的大腦可以控制他手的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Inthepastyears,researchershaveusedseveralapproachestoguidepatientslikeBerninitomovetheirhands.”在過(guò)去的幾年里，研究人員已經(jīng)使用了幾種方法來(lái)指導(dǎo)像Bernini這樣的病人移動(dòng)他們的手。由此可知，過(guò)去研究人員想通過(guò)大腦植入來(lái)控制病人的手。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Hecouldalsomoveeachfingeronhisownjustbythinkingaboutit,whichprevioussystemshadneverachieved.Anditwasabsolutelyanamazingmoment.”他還可以通過(guò)思考來(lái)移動(dòng)自己的手指，這是以前的系統(tǒng)無(wú)法做到的。這絕對(duì)是一個(gè)神奇的時(shí)刻。由此可知，Bernini可以獨(dú)立地移動(dòng)每一個(gè)手指。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Now,thankstorecentadvancesinelectricalstimulation(刺激)technology.Berninicanonceagaingrasp,pour,andevenplayGuitarHero.Todoso,heusesamicro-electrodearray(MEA)thatreadshisbrain'ssignalsandsendsthemthroughwirestosomethinglikeasleeveonhisarmthatelectronicallystimulateshismuscles”現(xiàn)在，多虧了最近電刺激技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。Bernini可以再次抓，倒，甚至彈吉他。為了做到這一點(diǎn)，他使用微電極陣列(MEA)來(lái)讀取他的大腦信號(hào)，并通過(guò)電線將它們發(fā)送到他手臂上的袖子之類(lèi)的東西上，從而通過(guò)電子方式刺激他的肌肉。由此可知，文章主要講述了通過(guò)電刺激技術(shù)，Bernini可以再次通過(guò)思想來(lái)控制自己的行動(dòng)。故D項(xiàng)（LinkingthoughtstoMovements）把思想和動(dòng)作起來(lái)，為短文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。12．C

13．C

14．A

15．D本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了一種為抵抗疾病而改變基因組織的新科技CRISPR，它在治療疾病方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和在倫理方面引發(fā)的人們的各種爭(zhēng)論。12．主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了一種為抵抗疾病而改變基因組織的新科技CRISPR，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和在倫理方面引發(fā)的人們的各種爭(zhēng)論。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)埋解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的geneeditingmaymeanthatparentsmakechoicesthatarenotobviouslyinthebestinterestsoftheirchildren:“Deafparentsmayprefertheirchildrentobedeaftoo;parentsmightwanttomaketheirchildrenmoreintelligentatallcosts.”可知由于基因被改變，會(huì)導(dǎo)致父母不能正確對(duì)孩子做出決定，故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的TheusesofCRISPRcouldmeanthatcuresaredevelopedforeverythingfromAlzheimer’stocancertoHIV.可知CRISPR技術(shù)使得所有疾病的治愈成為可能。故選A。15．推理判斷題。文章中作者詳細(xì)介紹了CRISPR技術(shù)，它在治療疾病方面的幫助作用，以及在使用中人們對(duì)它的各種顧慮。作者是客觀如實(shí)介紹，所以他對(duì)此技術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)是客觀的，故選D。16．G

17．C

18．B

19．D

20．E這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了保持桌面整潔的重要性和整理桌面的四個(gè)步驟。16．上文“Justimaginethatyourdeskismessyordisorganized.（試想一下你的辦公桌雜亂無(wú)章。）”可知下文應(yīng)說(shuō)明辦公桌雜亂無(wú)章的結(jié)果。G項(xiàng)“Itcanbedifficulttofocusortokeeptrackofyourimportantprojects.（集中精力或跟蹤重要項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展可能很困難）”表述了辦公桌雜亂無(wú)章的結(jié)果。故選G項(xiàng)。17．上文“Sortthroughyourpile.（把文件排序）”可知本段介紹文件排序的方法。C項(xiàng)“Begingoingthroughthepilefromthetopdown.（開(kāi)始從最上面的文件排序到最下邊的文件）”中“goingthroughthepile”與上文一致。故選C項(xiàng)。18．下文“Leavethatcontainerinabasement,acloset,orsomewhereelse.（將該容器放在地下室，壁櫥或其他地方）”可知本段主要講述如何處理不確定的東西。B項(xiàng)“Storeobjectsyou'reunsureabout.（把不確定的東西儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)）”中“Storeobjects”與上文“container”形成呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。19．上文“Takeeachobjectfromthefirstpileandplaceitonyourdeskoronashelf.（從第一堆中拿出每個(gè)物體并將其放在你的桌子或架子上。）”可知下文應(yīng)講述把東西放置在桌子上的方法。D項(xiàng)“Puteachitembackonthedesk,onethingatatime.（每次拿一件物品放回桌上）”中“Puteachitembackonthedesk”與“placeiton

yourdesk”意思一致。故選D項(xiàng)。20．下文“Thisway,itiscertainthatyou'llcomeintoacleanandusableworkplacethenextday.（這樣可以確定第二天你會(huì)進(jìn)入一個(gè)干凈且可用的工作場(chǎng)所。）”E項(xiàng)“Attheendofeachday,lookatyourdeskandtidyitup.（每天結(jié)束時(shí)看看辦公桌并整理一下。）”可知其中“Attheendofeachday”與下文“thenextday”形成呼應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)，符合時(shí)間順序。故選E項(xiàng)。21．B

22．B

23．A

24．C

25．A

26．C

27．A

28．D

29．B

30．A

31．D

32．A

33．D

34．A

35．B這是一篇議論文。文章主要說(shuō)明了動(dòng)物權(quán)利，提到活著有意識(shí)的生物都不應(yīng)該被當(dāng)作一種資源或商品使用，動(dòng)物權(quán)利就是讓動(dòng)物按照自己的方式生活，指出了動(dòng)物權(quán)利的必要性和人類(lèi)對(duì)動(dòng)物進(jìn)行的一系列惡行，建議人類(lèi)學(xué)會(huì)帶著尊重、善良和愛(ài)，負(fù)責(zé)任地生活。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：任何意識(shí)到自己活著的人都不應(yīng)該被貶低，被支配，被當(dāng)作一種資源或商品使用。A.companies公司；B.goods商品；C.insects昆蟲(chóng)；D.providers供應(yīng)商。根據(jù)上文“bedevaluedtothinghood,dominated,andusedasaresourceor”可知，or表示選擇，因此推斷此處指被當(dāng)作一種資源或商品使用，應(yīng)用goods。故選B。22．考查形容詞