英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法短語(yǔ)及習(xí)題

形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)【語(yǔ)法精講】一、構(gòu)成規(guī)則(一)形容詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.一般情況加-er,-esttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加-r,-stlarge→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicest3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-estbig→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottest4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,把y變i,再加-er,-esteasy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviest5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,加more,mostbeautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautifuldifferent→moredifferent→mostdifferent注意:最高級(jí)前要加the,不加表示“非?！?amostimportantmeeting一個(gè)非常重要的會(huì)議(二)副詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more和most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。easily→moreeasily→mosteasily2.少數(shù)單音節(jié)副詞,加-er,-est構(gòu)成其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。二、用法(一)原級(jí)的用法1.“甲+be(+倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙??的幾倍”。TomisasoldasKate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大。TomistwiceasoldasKate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的兩倍。2.“甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙??”。Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.這個(gè)房間不如那個(gè)大。3.“甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞(+倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙??的幾倍”。TomrunsasfastasMike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。TomrunstwiceasfastasMike.湯姆跑的速度是邁克的兩倍。4.“甲+助動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形+as/so+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙??”。Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那樣慢。(二)比較級(jí)的用法1.“甲+be(+倍數(shù))+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+乙”表示“甲比乙??”或“甲比乙??幾倍”。LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一課比第二課容易得多。Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.湯姆甚至比以前看起來(lái)更年輕。Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)大三倍。2.“甲+be+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人/物都??”,含義是“甲在同一范圍中最??”。TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的任何一條其他的河都長(zhǎng)。3.“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級(jí)+ofthetwo(...)”表示“甲是兩者中較??的”。Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.我的哥哥是那兩個(gè)中較高的那個(gè)。4.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越??”。Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他長(zhǎng)得越來(lái)越高。5.the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”表示“越??,就越??”。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越認(rèn)真,犯的錯(cuò)誤就越少6.“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+形容詞比較級(jí),甲o(hù)r乙?”Whichisbigger,theearthorthemoon?地球和月亮,哪個(gè)更大?7.“甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞(+倍數(shù))+副詞比較級(jí)+than+乙”表示“甲比乙??”或“甲比乙??幾倍”。Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.我今天早晨起床比我媽還早。8.“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+副詞比較級(jí),甲o(hù)r乙?”Whodrawsbetter,JennyorDanny?誰(shuí)畫(huà)得比較好,珍妮還是丹尼?(三)最高級(jí)常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.“主語(yǔ)+be+the+形容詞最高級(jí)(+單數(shù)名詞)+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“??是??中最??的”。Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.湯姆是他班里/所有學(xué)生當(dāng)中最高的。2.“主語(yǔ)+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“??是??中最??之一”。BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中國(guó)最大城市之一。3.“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比較。Whichcountryisthelargest,China,BrazilorCanada?中國(guó)、巴西和加拿大,哪個(gè)國(guó)家最大?4.“主語(yǔ)+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞(+the)+副詞最高級(jí)+in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“??是??中最??的”。Ijump(the)farthestinmyclass.我是我班里跳得最遠(yuǎn)的?！菊Z(yǔ)法巧練】Ⅰ單項(xiàng)選擇1.Thisbookis-----thatone,but------thanthatone.A.asdifficultas;expensiveB.asmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveC.asdifficultas;moreexpensiveD.moredifficultas;asexpensive2.Whenspringcomes,itgets-----A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter3.Theearthisabout-------asthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig4.Thesechildrenare------thisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtaller5.NewYorkisoneof------intheworld.A.thelargestcityB.thelargecitiesC.thelargercitiesD.thelargestcitiesⅡ句型轉(zhuǎn)換6.Thecaptainisthehappiestofalltheplayers.(改為同義句)Thecaptainis------------------------------anyotherplayer.7.Thisdictionaryisasgoodasthatone.(改為否定句)Thisdictionary--------good-----------thatone.8.Tomis150cmtall.Mikeis150cmtall,too.(改為同義句)Tomis----------------Mike.9.Moreandmorepeoplebegintoloveinterestingtravel.(改為同義句)Interestingtravelisbecoming------------and-----------------.10.Russiaisthelargestcountryintheworld.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))------isthelargestintheworld?Ⅲ.完成句子11.你游泳沒(méi)有你弟弟好。Youcan’tswim----------------yourbrother.12.今天比昨天冷得多。Itis-------------todaythanitwasyesterday.13.她的身體狀況一天天好起來(lái)。Heisgetting----------------everyday.15.英語(yǔ)是世界上最重要的語(yǔ)言之一。Englishisoneof---------------languagesintheworld.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)【語(yǔ)法精講】過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或者某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常和表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。Theywerewaitingforyouyesterday.他們昨天一直在等你。一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:肯定形式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+v.-ing否定形式:主語(yǔ)+wasnot(wasn’t)/werenot(weren’t)+v.-ing一般疑問(wèn)句形式:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+v.-ing。二.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)有:atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week...),at+點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday...),whensb.didsth.等,如:Whatwereyoudoingatsevenlastnight?昨天晚上七點(diǎn)你在干什么?Iwascookingwhensheknockedatthedoor.她敲門(mén)時(shí)我正在做飯。2.when后通常用短暫性動(dòng)詞,while后通常用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,因此它所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),如:Whenitrained,Iwaswalkingonthestreet.=WhileIwaswalkingonthestreet,itrained.我正在街上走時(shí),突然下起雨來(lái)了。3.when用作并列連詞時(shí),主句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),從句則用一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示“主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程中,另一個(gè)意想不到的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了”。如:Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledme.我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我。Wewereplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain.我們正在外邊玩,這時(shí)下起雨來(lái)了?！菊Z(yǔ)法巧練】單項(xiàng)選擇1.I------------amealwhenyoume.A.cooked;wereringingB.wascooking;rangC.wascooking;wereringingD.cooked;rang2.They-----------afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.A.werewatchingB.watchC.watchedD.arewatching3.Whatbook----you-----whenI------youatfouryesterdayafternoon?A.did;read;wasseeingB.did;read;sawC.were;reading;sawD.were;reading;wasseeing4.ItwasFridayevening.Mr.andMrs.Green-------------readytoflytoEngland.A.weregettingB.getC.aregettingD.got5.We--------forTomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus.A.waited;waitB.werewaiting;waitC.waited;waitingD.werewaiting;waitingⅡ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空6.Whilemotherwas------------(do)somewashing,Iwas------------(make)akiteforKate.7.ThistimeyesterdayJack’sfatherwas----------------(wash)hiscar.8.Iwas-----------------(telephone)afriendwhenBob--------------(come)in.9.Whenheknockedatthedoor,myauntwas---------------(cook)dinner.10.Thestudentswere-------------(sing)and-------------------(dance)happilyontheplaygroundatthattime.Ⅲ句型轉(zhuǎn)換11.Thegirlwasshoppingwhenshemetheroldfriend.(改為同義句)-----------------------------------------,shemetheroldfriend.12.TheywereworkingwhenIgotthere.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))---------------------------------------------whenIgotthere?13.WewerewatchingTVateightlastnight.(改為否定句)We-------------------------------------------TVateightlastnight.14.Sherodeherbiketoschooljustnow.(用at4:00yesterday改寫(xiě)句子)She------------------------------------herbiketoschoolat4:00yesterday.15.WewereshoppingatthistimelastSunday.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))-----------------------------youshopping?1.—Ourschoolbuswillleaveat8o’clocktomorrow.Don’tbelate.—OK.Iwillbetheretenminutes---------.(2013安徽)A.soonerB.slowerC.fasterD.earlier2.Debbieisgrowingfast.Sheiseven---------thanhermother.(2013北京)A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest3.—Whichseasondoyoulike----------,summerorwinter?(2013長(zhǎng)沙)—Summer.A.wellB.bestC.better4.AttheBeijingOlympics,Boltbrokethe100-meterand200-recordsandbecamethemanintheworld.(2013德州)A.fastestB.heaviestC.tallestD.slowest5.It’smuchtohaveasmalllovelyroomthanabigcoldone.(2013杭州)A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best狀語(yǔ)從句【語(yǔ)法精講】狀語(yǔ)從句含義及分類(lèi):狀語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,not...until,assoonas,whenever等連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。ItwasraininghardwhenIgottoschoolyesterday.昨天我達(dá)到學(xué)校時(shí),正下著大雨。Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.他做作業(yè)時(shí),電話響了。Ashewalkedalong(沿著??走)thelake,hesanghappily.他一邊沿著湖散步,一邊高興地唱歌。2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)。Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.既然你不能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題,那我問(wèn)其他人了。Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothezoo.由于下雨,我們不去動(dòng)物園了。Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.他因?yàn)椴×?所以沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)。3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so...that,such...that,so(that)引導(dǎo)。Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.他太窮了,不能為他的兒子買(mǎi)自行車(chē)。Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.她是如此好的一名教師,每個(gè)人都喜歡她。Mypencilfellunderthedesk,so(that)Icouldn’tseeit.我的鉛筆掉到課桌下面了,以至于看不見(jiàn)了。4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由if,unless引導(dǎo)。Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?如果明天下雪我們?cè)撟鍪裁?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.不要離開(kāi)這座樓,除非我告訴你離開(kāi)。5.比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用as(so)...as,than引導(dǎo)。JimrunsfasterthanTom.Jim比Tom跑得快。Thisriverisalmostaslongasthatriver.這條河和那條河幾乎一樣長(zhǎng)。6.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常由although,though等連詞引導(dǎo)。Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.雖然他很小,但知道很多。AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.雖然我很累,但我必須繼續(xù)工作。7.目的狀語(yǔ)從句由so(that),inorderthat引導(dǎo)。Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.我們很早就出發(fā),目的是趕上第一班火車(chē)。Weusethecomputerinorderthatwemaysavetime.我們用電腦是為了節(jié)省時(shí)間。We’llsitnearthefrontsowecanhearthespeakerbetter.我們會(huì)坐在前面,為的是能聽(tīng)得更好?！菊Z(yǔ)法巧練】Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.----------therainstops,we’llsetoffforthestation.A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though2.Youwillbeabletogetgoodmarks------------------------.A.whileyouaredoingyourhomeworkbyyourselfB.ifyoudosomerevisioneverydayC.beforeyoubegintostudyhardD.untilyoufollowyourteachers’advice3.Wedidn’tgohome----------wefinishedthework.A.sinceB.untilC.becauseD.though4.Speaktohimslowly----------hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because5.Suzhouisnot-------------beautiful------------Hangzhou.A.as;thanB.so;asC.even;thanD./;thanⅡ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換6.Sheissuchakindwomanthatwealllikeher.(改為同義句)Sheis-------------kind---------------wealllikeher.7.Hedidn’tgotothezoobecausehehadtolookafterhissister.(改為同義句)Hehadtolookafterhissister---------------hedidn’tgotothezoo.8.Theykeptontalkinguntiltheteachercamein.(改為同義句)Theystoptalkingtheteachercamein.9.Thinkover,andyou’llworkouttheproblem.(改為同義句)--------------thinkover,you’llworkouttheproblem.10.Mikeisnotastallashisbrother.(改為同義句)Mike’sbrotheris-----------------------Mike.Ⅲ.完成句子11.布魯斯太太對(duì)學(xué)生非常親切,以至于學(xué)生把她當(dāng)作母親。Mrs.Brucewas--------kindtoher-------theylookedherastheirmother.12.你一到上海就給我打個(gè)電話好?Willyoupleasecallme----------yougettoShanghai.13.這個(gè)七歲的女孩酷愛(ài)鋼琴,以至于她已經(jīng)堅(jiān)持練習(xí)兩年了。Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepiano-------much--------------shehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.14.雖然她很忙,她還堅(jiān)持自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。--------------------shewasverybusy,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.15.他長(zhǎng)大后想當(dāng)一名記者。Hewantstobeajournalist----------he-----------up.1.Theriverswillbecomedirtieranddirtier--------------wetakeactiontoprotectthem.(2013安徽)A.sinceB.ifC.untilD.unless2.Ithinkhe’sbeendrinking,---------------I’mnotcompletelysure.(2013杭州)A.ifB.thoughC.untilD.as3.Kate’sdadisgettingold.Shewillgobackhometoseehim------------itisconvenient.(2013江西)A.becauseB.wheneverC.althoughD.unless4.Ihatetravellingbyair----------------youusuallyhavetowaitforhoursbeforetheplanetakesoff.(2013上海)A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.unless5.PeterspeaksChinesewellindeed,butofcoursenot-------------alocalspeakerinChina.(2013蘇州)A.sofluentlyasB.morefluentthanC.asfluentasD.muchfluentlythan1.fewerpeople更少的人（fewer修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示否定）2.lessfreetime更少的空閑時(shí)間（less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定）3.intenyears10年后（in的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)用于將來(lái)時(shí)，提問(wèn)用Howsoon）4.fallinlovewith…愛(ài)上……例：WhenImetMr.Xuforthefirsttime,Ifellinlovewithhimatonce.當(dāng)我第一次見(jiàn)到許老師，我立刻愛(ài)上他。5.livealone單獨(dú)居住6.feellonely感到孤獨(dú)（比較：livealone/goalone等）Thegirlwalkedalonealongthestreet,butshedidn'tfeellonely.那女孩獨(dú)自沿著街道走，但她并不感到孤獨(dú)。7.keep/feedapetpig養(yǎng)一頭寵物豬8.flytothemoon飛上月球9.hundredsof+復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)百/幾百（概數(shù)，類(lèi)似還有thousandsof;millionsof）10.thesameas和……相