考研英語王國清語法課講義

考研英語_王國清語法課講義.txt12思念是一首詩，讓你在普通的日子里讀出韻律來；思念是一陣雨，讓你在枯燥的日子里濕潤起來；思念是一片陽光，讓你的陰郁的日子里明朗起來。2010年考研英語語法班講義主講：王國清一、概述：雖然在研究生英語考試中并不直接涉及語法，但閱讀理解，寫作和翻譯等試題無不體現出它的重要性。然而，語法又是廣大英語愛好者最難掌握的問題之一，市場上種類繁多的語法書籍，大凡都是內容多而不精，即次重點不分，對于在學習過程中，大家共同反映的較有難度的語法，如非謂語動詞、虛擬語氣、定語從句都未能作出精辟分析，使讀者看后仍不知所云。本著這個目的，我們再次相聚西安人信，希望通過兩天的深入學習使廣大考生對語法有個徹底的了解，，在今后考試中遇到相應問題能游刃有余。二、重點語法再現：非謂語動詞是動詞的一種形式，就其定義而言，它在句中不能單獨作謂語，非謂語動詞包括動名詞、分詞和不定式，非謂語動詞是語法學習中的重點也是難點，在歷年的四、六級及其它考試中占有一定的分值，本單元將逐一重點說明。I．分詞（Participles）分詞是一種非謂語動詞，在句中不能單獨作謂語，它包括現在分詞（presentparticiple）和過去分詞（pastparticiple）兩種形式，這兩種形式在句中的基本功能相同，主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做定語、狀語、表語和補語，請看例句：Allflights__becauseofthestorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A．werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC．havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled分析：此題多次在考研、四、六級考試中出現，是一個十分有難度的題，它所涉及到的語法也是方方面面，首先排除B選項，因為過去完成時出現在主從復合句中，這個句中無連接詞，從句意判斷，“飛機取消應該是我們決定乘坐火車的一個原因”，所以句中allflights…thestorm在整個句中作一成份，即作狀語表原因，既然是一成份就不是一句子，因而不能出現謂語動詞，隨之排除A選項，飛機取消應該是被取消，所以排除C選項（表主動），答案為D選項（（表被動），選項中C、D分別為現在分詞完成式的主動和被動式，動名詞和現在分詞形式相同，所以C、D也可稱為動名詞完成式的主動和被動動式，但由于動名詞和現在分詞最大區(qū)別在于動名詞在句中不能作狀語，因而排除動名詞的可能性，由此引申出分詞的時態(tài)。(1)分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（TenseandVoice）（以動詞do為例）主動被動一般式doingbeingdone現在分詞完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞done從上表中可看出，現在分詞的一般式和完成式各有主動式和被動式，而過去分詞只有一種形式，現在分詞和過去分詞在用法上的區(qū)別為前者表示正在進行的主動動作，后者表示已經完成的被動動作，而現在分詞一般式和完成式的被動式則表示分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語之間的關系（這一點將在分詞的用法中講到），現在分詞一般式表示動作與謂語動詞動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，而現在分詞完成式則表示動作在謂語動詞之前已經發(fā)生，如上述例句中“飛機取消在我們決定乘坐火車之前”，即havingbeencanceled的動作在decided之前，另外分詞在作狀語前提下，現在分詞完成式的被動式即havingbeendone等同于過去分詞done，所以上述例句中也可以增加一選項canceled也為正確選項(等同于D選項having

beencanceled)(2)分詞的用法(Usage)①定語：分詞常用來修飾名詞或代詞，單個分詞作定語放在所修飾詞之前，分詞短語作定語放在所修飾詞之后，但有些過去分詞也可放在所修飾詞之后：adevelopingcountry（發(fā)展中國家）adevelopedcountry（發(fā)達國家）aboystandingbythedoor（站在門旁的男孩）amanmovedbythefilm（一個被電影感動的人）注意：分詞短語作定語置于句中時相當于一定語從句，如：Doyouknowthatboystandingbythedoor?(相當于whoisstandingbythedoor)Amanmovedbythefilm(相當于whowasmovedbythefilm)ismyfather.②表語：分詞或分詞短語放在系動詞be,become,get,remain,seem,stay后作表語，現在分詞作表語表示主語的性質或正在進行的動作，過去分詞作表語則表示主語所處的狀態(tài)：Thenewsisveryexciting.（性質）HeisreadingEnglishloudly.（正在進行的動作）Thegirlinredwasdeeplymovedbywhatshehadseen.（狀態(tài)）③補足語：a賓語補足語現在分詞常放在感官動詞:see,lookat,hear,listento,feel,smell,notice,observe,watch,find和使役動詞：get,have,keep,set,send,leave后作賓語補足語。過去分詞常放在see,hear,watch,get,keep,leave,have,like,want,wish,order等詞后作賓語補足語。Isawhimcomingintotheclass.Thescrewsaresomewhereloose.I’llhavethemtightened..b.主語補足語：把主動語態(tài)轉換成被動語態(tài)，原先主動語態(tài)中的賓語補足語也相應地轉變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語：HewasseencomingintotheclassYouwerenotnoticedwaiting.④狀語分詞作狀語是分詞一重要用法，表示時間、原因、方式、條件、讓步、結果和伴隨情況，分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語（表示分詞動作發(fā)出者是隱含的））與句子主語保持一致，否則就會產生懸垂和蕩空結構，另外分詞作狀語相當于一相應狀語從句：如：Lookingupatthesky,abirdwasflying.應改為：Lookingupatthesky,Isawabirdflying.(WhenIwaslookingupatthesky…)（表時間）另外，為了表示明確時間或條件，有時可在分詞前加when,while,if等連詞：Whencomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.(CET4-90.1.47)（3）分詞否定式分詞或分詞短語表示否定意義時，將not置于分詞之前，不能放在分詞之后：Nothavingreceivedherletter,hedecidedtowriteanother.

（4）獨立主格結構(AbsoluteStructure)分詞作狀語，分詞的邏輯主語要與句子主語保持一致，即句子的主語便是它的邏輯主語，否則就會出現懸垂或蕩空結構（前面已講過），但有時分詞有它獨立的的邏輯主語，即分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致，這就是獨立主格結構。①獨立主格結構公式：邏輯主語+分詞（短語）+主謂AB在上述公式中，其中（邏輯主語+分詞短語）屬于獨立主格結構，主謂是一完整句子，A、B兩主語不一致（A、B由名詞或代詞充當），如前面所述例句：Allflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseofthestorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.(Allflights…thestorm是獨立主格結構部分，wedecided…為一完整句子，allflights和we不屬于同一主語，另外公式中分詞短語也可用不定式、形容詞等來代替。)②獨立主格結構具體構成：a.邏輯主語+分詞（現在分詞和過去分詞）Anewtechniquehavingbeenworkedout,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.Allthingsconsidered,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.b.邏輯主語+介詞短語Mr.Wangcamein,(with)abookinhand.c.with/without+邏輯主語+分詞Withherhairdyedgreen,shelookslikeaclown.（小丑）Withoutanythingleftinthecupboard,shewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.d.邏輯主語+不定式ThefootballgameendedwithPortugalteamwon,thedetailstobereportedthisevening.e.邏輯主語+形容詞/副詞Theteacherstaredatthestudent,hiseyesfullofdoubt.Hewentout,nohaton.③獨立主格結構用法：a.表時間：Theshowerbeingover,wewentonourway.(Whentheshowerwasover,we…)b.表原因：Allflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseofthestorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.(Becauseallflightshadbeencanceledbecauseofthestorm,we…)c.表條件：Weatherpermitting,I’llcometoseeyou.(Ifweatherpermits,I’ll…)d.表伴隨：Alargefishwasslowlyswimmingthroughthewater,itstailswingingbackandforthlikethependulumofaclock.(鐘擺)（Alargefish…,anditstailwasswinging…）e.同位語（表示對前面名詞作進一步解釋）Ihavetwosisters,onebeingateacher,theother(being)anurse.(Ihave…,oneisateacher,andtheotherisanurse.)由此可見，獨立主格結構和狀語從句可互相轉換，方法是首先在獨立結構前加上相應的連

詞，其次把獨立結構中的分詞轉變?yōu)橹^語動詞，反之亦然。④獨立主格結構特點：a.不是句子（因為它由邏輯主語+分詞短語構成，分詞短語屬于非謂語動詞）b.在句中作狀語（是分詞作狀語的一個特例）c.兩邊主語不一致（即分詞邏輯主語和句子主語不一致）⑤獨立主格結構的做題步驟先看例題：__,wehavetoadoptnewmeasurestosolvetheproblem.A．SoisthesituationB.ThatbeingthecaseC.ThatisthecaseD.Thesituationisso分析：由題干可看出，橫線中要填的句子內容和句子we…似乎為兩并列句，但從句意上判斷，表面上的兩并列句其實隱含著某些方面的主從關系，表原因或條件，但卻沒有表原因的連詞because,since,as或so,也沒有表條件的if，所以橫線上要填的應是一成份，不是句子，故選B選項。(相當于Because/Ifthatisthecase,we…)所以獨立主格結構作題步驟a.表面上看似并列句；b.從語意上判斷卻有著某些方面的主從關系；c.沒有表示主從關系的連詞；II.動名詞（Gerund）動名詞是一種非謂語動詞，它的形式與現在分詞相同，具有名詞和動詞的某些特征，它可以帶賓語、狀語等構成動名詞短語，在句中不能單獨作謂語。(1)動名詞時態(tài)(Tense)(以動詞do為例)主動被動一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone上述表格可看出，動名詞和現在分詞的時態(tài)相同，非謂語動詞之間的區(qū)別主要是用法上的區(qū)別，動名詞和現在分詞形式相同，用法卻不同，動名詞一般式表示的一般式表示的動作通常與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，而動名詞的完成式表示動作在謂語動詞的動作之前已發(fā)生：Besidesskating,helikesplayingbasketball.(skating與playingbasketball同時發(fā)生)Headmittedhavingdonethat.(havingdone在admitted之前發(fā)生)(2)動名詞用法(Usage)①主語：Findingajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeenbeyondhiswildestdream.②表語：

Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.③賓語：.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedstoppingatthenexttown.④定語Theworkersarebusybuildingalisteningroom.（語音室）(3)動名詞的邏輯主語動名詞前可發(fā)有自已的邏輯主語，表明動名詞動作發(fā)出者，能作動名詞邏輯主語的詞類有：物主代詞、名詞所有格（即名詞所加“’s”，復數名詞后以“s”結尾的，在其后加“’”），名詞通格（主格）或人稱代詞賓格。Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindow?HeobjectedtoTom’sdelaying.注意：①當邏輯主語是無生命名詞或較長名詞詞組時，通常用名詞通格（即主格）：Wearelookingforwardtoourteamwinningthematch.Idon’tlikeTomandJackspeakingillofeachother.②當邏輯主語是someone,somebody,none,nobody,anyone,anybody等不定代詞或this,that指示代詞時，通常用名詞通格（即主格）：Hewasinterruptedbysomebodyknockingonthedoor.③當動名詞在句中作主語時，邏輯主語用屬格（即物主代詞或名詞所有格）：His/Tom’sdrinkingresultedintheaccident.(4)動名詞的否定形式與分詞否定形式一樣，動名詞否定式在動名詞前加not構成：Ican’tstandyournottellingmethetruth.Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.(5)下列動詞及動詞詞組常接動名詞作賓語，常見的動詞有：admit,advise,avoid,appreciate,acknowledge,allow,anticipate,consider,complete,contemplate（預期、企圖）,defer,delay,deny,detest（憎惡）,dread,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,endure,fancy,favor,finish,forgive,facilitate（促進）,imagine,include,miss,mind,mention,permit,postpone,practise,prevent,propose,quit,recall,resent（怨恨）,resist,risk,suggest,understand;動詞詞組有：can’thelp,giveup,leaveoff（停止）,lookforwardto,objectto,putoff,succeedin,aimat,insiston,persistin,stickto,begoodat,dowellin,dependon,feellike（想要做）,betired(afraid/capable)of,accustomedto,agreeto,confessto（承認）,ubmitto,seeto（照料）,be(get/become)usedto,devoteoneselfto,prefer…to,adapt(adjust)to,applyto.（致力于）Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembersobjectedtohavingamatchwithoutastandardcourt.（場地）Theteacherdoesn’tpermitsmokinginclass.(6)動詞need,want,require,deserve,worth,like（想要）,bear后接動名詞的主動式表示被動概念，除bear外，這些動詞也可接不定式的被動式。

Thisroomissodirtythatitwantscleaning(tobecleaned).Thepooroldwomandeserveslookingafter(tobelookedafter).(7)動名詞的基本句型：①feellike+V-ing（想要做……）Doyoufeellikegoingtoconcertsonweekends?②can’thelp+V-ing（禁不住……）Icouldn’thelpcryingatthesightofmysickgrandmother.③on+V-ing（一……就）Onhearingthebadnews,sheburstedintotears.④Itisnouse+V-ing(做……是無用的)(nouse也可用nogood,useless,waste,worthless,dangerous等來替換)Itisnouseaskingherforadvice.⑤go+V-ing(表示游戲或運動)Hisfatherfrequentlygoeshuntingintheforestafterhisretirement.III.不定式(TheInfinitive)動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞，在句中不能單獨作謂語。(1)不定式時態(tài)(Tense)以動詞do為例主動被動一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing上述表格：①不定式的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生，前后發(fā)生或在謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)之后。Isawherenterthehall.(saw和enter兩動作同時發(fā)生)Wejumpedtohearofyoursuccess.(jumped與tohearof前后緊接發(fā)生)Ihavesomethingtodo.(todo在have之后發(fā)生)②不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示動作之前。I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.(tohavekept發(fā)生在am表示動作之前)在句型Itissaid/believed/reportedthatsth/sb…中,可以用不定式完成式來相互轉換；Itissaidthathisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(=Hisbookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.)(tohavebeentranslated發(fā)生在issaid之前)

③不定式進行式表示動作正在進行，與謂語動作的動作同時發(fā)生。Theyaresaidtobedirectingthetraffic.(tobedirecting與aresaid同時發(fā)生)（2）不定式用法①主語Toconsiderthecostandthesupplyofamaterialisimportant.(Itisimportanttoconsiderthecostandthesupplyofamaterial.)②賓語Ourcompanydecidedtocancelthecontractbecauseanumberoftheconditioninithadnotbeenmet.另外：如果不定式作賓語，其后又接補足語時，要用it作形式賓語，而將真實賓語（即不定式）置于補足語之后，同樣如果動名詞作賓語，其后再接賓語補足時，要用it作形式賓語，而將真實賓語（即動名詞）置于補足語之后。Theydidnotfinditworthwhiletopreparefortheworstconditionstheymightmeet.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?③表語（在系動詞be,seem,appear）之后Theyseemtobegettingalongverywell.Wereshetoleaverightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.④定語（做后置定語，即位于被修飾名詞之后，與所修飾的名詞邏輯上是動賓關系，如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面應加介詞）Theoldmanwastootiredandfoundarocktositon.⑤狀語(表示目的、結果、原因)Tobecomeateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster’sdegree..（表目的）Yesterdayhehurriedtogotoschool,onlytofinditwasweekend.（表結果）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.（表原因）⑥補足語a.賓語補足語有些及物動詞賓語后常接不定式作賓語補足語，構成復合賓語，如ask,advise,allow,command,compel,enable,encourage,expect,invite,tell,force,wish,want,like,oblige,order,permit,prefer,persuade,remind,request,require,send,warn,cause,trouble,urge,instruct,help,lead,press（催促）Iwarnedhernottobelateagain.TheteacheradvisedustoreadEnglishloudlyinthemorning.另外下列動詞不定式作賓語補足語時常省略不定式符號to。QQ:185742166感官動詞：see,watch,observe,notice,feel,hear,perceive,smell,lookat,listento使役動詞:have,make,let詞組：wouldrather,wouldyouplease,would/hadbetter,hadrather,mayjustaswell但以上動詞用于被動語態(tài)時，卻要加上to。Hewaslettocomeinandsitwithotherstudendswhohadalreadycompletedtheirworks.不定式在介詞except,but后作賓語時，其前有動詞do的某種形式要省去to，反之加上to。Ihavenothingtodoexcept/butwaitforhim.

ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut/excepttocallinthepolice.b.主語補足語把帶有賓語補足語的謂語動詞轉變成被動語態(tài)時，原來的賓語補足語也轉變成主語補足語。HewasallowedtowatchTVafterfinishinghomework.Theyweremadetoworkharddayandnight.(3)不定式的邏輯主語不定式的邏輯主語表明不定式或不定式短語動作發(fā)出者，以下三種情況是不定式的邏輯主語。①句子主語Mr.Wilsonsaidthathedidnotwanttotakeonanyfurtherresponsibilities.②句子賓語Didyouinvitehimtocomehere？③由for＋名詞（或代詞賓格）引出ItisnecessaryforyoutostudyEnglishwell.Theroadiswideenoughfortwobusestopass.(4)不定式的否定式不定式的否定式常在不定式前加否定詞not構成Ihopenottokeepyouwaitingsolong.Weshouldpreferthemnottocomenextweek.(5)下列動詞接不定式作賓語：afford,agree,arrange,ask,attempt,claim,choose,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,endeavor,expect,guarantee,pretend,happen,hope,learn,mean,intend,manage,offer（主動做）,plan,prepare,want,refuse,promise,resolve,seek,strive,swear,threaten,undertake,volunteer,help,wish,fail（未能做）Heclaimedtohavebeenbadlytreatedatyesterday’sparty.Themanagerpromisedtokeepmeinformedofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.(6)接動名詞又可接不定式的動詞：begin,cease,continue,dread,forget,hate,intend,learn,like,dislike,omit,prefer,regret,remember,need,neglect,start,try,goon,chance,stop,mean以上動詞接不定式或接動名詞在意義上的差別在這里不再辨析，希望大家在學習中多加留意，但如果上述動詞前有should一詞時，其后只能接不定式，而不能接動名詞。Youshouldremembertowakemeupat3o’clock.(7)動詞let（出租）,blame（責備）,seek（尋找、追求）以不定式的主動形式表示被動意義：I’mtoblameforthematter.Thehouseistoletfor$150amonth.Thesolutiontothisproblemisnotdifficulttoseek.三、試題精練：QQ:185742166專項練習一非謂語動詞、獨立主格結構1.Thesecurityofthebabiesissupposedto______bythenurses.

A)seetoB)beseentoC)beseeningtoD)beseen2.Heclaimed______atyesterday’sparty.A)totreatbadlyB)tohavetreatedbadlyC)tobebadlytreatedD)tohavebeenbadlytreated3.“Didyoufindoutwhohadstolenmywatch?”“Thatchilddidn’tadmit______”A)tohavedonethatB)haddonethatC)doingthatD)havingdonethat4.Doyouremember______toProfessorSmithduringyourlastvisit?A)tobeintroducedB)beingintroducedC)havingintroducedD)tohaveintroduced5.Oneofthepropertiesoflightis______travellinginwaveformasitgosefromoneplaectoanother.A)itB)it’sC)itsD)their6.Thevacuumtube,inventednearthebeginningofourcentury,gaveustheuseofradiowaves,anenergysourceneverbefore______,andlateropenedtheroadfortelevision,A)wascapturedB)capturedC)capturingD)hadbeencaptured7.Theheadmaster’sordertohavethewholeplace______atoncewasunreasonablesincehedidnotprovideanytools.A)cleaningupB)tocleanupC)cleanedupD)cleanup8.______neglectingoureducation,myfathersentmybrotherandmetoasummerschool.A)AccusedofB)AccusingofC)ThathewasaccusedofD)Tobeaccusedof9.Susanstoodmotionlessattheendofthedivingboard,handsathersides,heelsslinghtlyraised,everymuscle______action.A)anticipatingB)anticipatedC)toanticipateD)havinganticipated10.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork______,wedeclinedtheoffer.A)notbeingfinishedB)nothavingfinishedC)hadnotbeenfinishedD)wasnotfinished11.Helayonastrawmatwithhis______.A)closedeyesandhismouthopenB)eyesclosedandhisopenmouthC)closedeyesandopenhismouthD)eyesclosedandhismouthopen12.______inthecupboardshewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.A)WithsomethingleftB)Withnothingleaving

C)WithoutanythingleftD)Withoutsomethingleft13.______byanAmericanuniversity,IfinallyflewtoSanFranciscoonAugust6,1988A)BeinginvitedB)HavinginvitedC)HavingbeeninvitedD)Hadbeeninvited14.“Whyisn’tRoberthere?”“Itismysecretary’sfault.Heforgotallabout______him.”A)telephoningB)totelephoneC)totelephonetoD)telephoningto15.Thewayhetalksissimplyintolerable.Iobjectto______likeachild.A)treatB)betreatedC)treatingD)beingtreated16.______,wehavetoadoptnewmeasurestosolvetheproblem.A)SoisthesituationB)ThatbeingthecaseC)ThatisthecaseD)Thesituationisso17.Theyoungdoctorcouldnotsleepatnight,histhoughts______himnopeace.A)gaveB)givingC)beinggivenD)togive18.Theroomissodirtythatitwants______.A)cleaningB)beingcleanedC)tocleanD)cleaned19.BeforetheSpringFestival,theleadersofthevillagemadehouse-to-housesurvey,______ineachfamilyabouttheirneedsandproblems.A)toinquireB)tobeinquiringC)inquiringD)inquired20.Alargefishwasslowlyswimmingthroughthewater,itstail______backandforthlikethependulumofaclock.A)swungB)wasswungC)swingingD)wasswinging二倒裝、強調、省略1.Notnoly______diffculttolight,butitsmelledofoil.A)itwasB)itmadeC)diditmakeD)wasit2.______youhavebeenlookingforwardto.A)TheletteristhatB)TheletterishereC)HeretheletterisD)Hereistheletter3.Inthescientificstation_______designedtorecordmoonquakesandmeteoriteimpacts.A)instrumentswereB)wereinstrumentsC)standsinstrumentsD)instrumentsstand4.Mostpeoplewouldagreethatonlyinexceptionalcircumstances______theturthfromthepatient.

A)shouldadoctorhideB)adoctorshouldhideC)adoctorwouldhideD)adoctorwillhide5.Asistheteacher,______.A)soisthepupilB)sodoesthepupilC)thepupildoessoD)thepoupilisso6.Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,_______theatomosphere.A)asitisB)thesameisC)soisD)andsois7.Humble______itmaybe,thereisnoplacelikehome.A)althoughB)asC)howD)that8.Wooddoesnotconductelectricity,______.A)sodorubberB)sodoesrubberC)nordoesrubberD)norrubberdoes9._______youwantmetodo?A)WhoisitthatB)WhatisitthatC)WhereverisitthatD)Wheneverisitthat10.Upwentthepriceand______.A)thelivingstandardcamedownB)camedownthelivingstandardC)downthelivingstandardcameD)downcamethelivingstandard11.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoice______hishead.A)thatheturnedB)didheturnC)hedidn’tD)hehadturned12._______AdamSmith’s“TheWealthofNations”thatJimGreenwasfascinatedbyeconomictheory.A)AfterreadingB)ItwasreadingC)ItwasafterreadingD)Havingreading13._______thefirsttousenuclearweapons.A)AtnotimeChinawillbeB)NeverChinawillbeC)AtnotimewillChinabeD)WillChinaneverbe14.Nosoonerhadthebellrung_______.A)whentheclassbeganB)thantheclassbeganC)whiletheclassbeganD)thentheclassbegan15.Onlywhenyouhaveoccupiedsuffcientmaterials_______cometoasoundconclusion.A)canyouB)youcanC)youwillD)youareto16.Little______thathewouldfulfillhistasksorapidly.A)weexpectedB)didweexpectC)doweexpectD)weexpect17.Innoway_______smokeintheair-conditionedbus.A)passengerscanB)arepassengerspermittedto

C)passengersarepermittedD)arepermittedpassengersto18.Allanimalsneedairand_______.A)soplantsdoB)soneedplantsC)sodoplantsD)plantsareso19.Itisduringhissparetime______JhonhasbeenstudyingacourseinEnglish.A)whenB)whereC)thatD)as20._______thelighteningwhenIheardaclapofthunder.A)NosoonerhadIseenB)NomorethanIhadseenC)ScarcelyhadIseenD)NotuntilIhadseen三一致關系1.Thisisthebestoftheautomobilesthat______inworkingorder.A)isB)hadC)areD)have2.Fifteenminutes______foraboywhoiseagertoseehisgirlfriend.A)seemalongtimeB)seemedalongtimeC)seemsalongtimeD)seemslongtimeago3.ItisnotIbutyouwho______thefirsttoruntothegoalinthatcompetition.A)isB)wasC)areD)isgoingto4.Withtheelevationofpeople’sstandardofliving,cosmetics______favoritetopic,especiallyamongwomen.A)becameB)becomesC)becomeD)havebecome5.Breathingnormallyinaheavily-pollutedcity_______equaltosmokingapackofcigarettesaday.A)areB)isC)beD)willbe6.Whatthemansaidundertheoath______byseveralotherwitnesses.A)wasdisputedB)weredisputedC)disputedD)bedisputed7.Tobalancethebudgetandtoprovidejobs______twogoalsoftheelectedofficial.A)isgoingtobeB)isC)becomesD)are8.Thecommunity,aswellastheownersoftheland______indevelopment.A)areinterestedB)areinterestingC)isinterestedD)isinteresting9.NotnolyJoanbuthersisters______thecombinationtothesafewhichcontainsthelistofthefamilysecurities.A)haveknownB)knowC)knowsD)isknowing

10.______eitherheorhisaccountantsgoingtoclaimfortheloss?A)AreB)WhereC)IsD)Does11.Manyanairplane______intheexhibition.A)areshownB)hasbeenshownC)hasshownD)showthem12.Aseriesofdebatesbetweenthelecturers______forthenextweekend.A)arescheduledB)wasscheduledC)werescheduledD)havebeenscheduled13.NotonlyTombutalsohiswife______fondofwatchingtelevision.A)areB)wereC)beD)was14.Joe’sfather,alongwithhistwouncles,______inNewYorkonemoreday.A)demandthathestayB)demandsthathestaysC)demandsthathestayD)demandthathestay15._______goingtotheexhibition.A)AllbutheandIareB)AllbutheandIamC)AllbuthimandmeareD)Allbutheandmeam16.Atthemomenteachofthegirlswastoobusythinkingabout______ownpersonalsafetytocaremuchabouttheluggageA)herB)theirC)hisD)our17.Accordingtotheschedule,there-fourthsofthedyke______bytheendofthisyear.A)hadtobefinishedB)aretobefinishedC)havetobefinishedD)hastobefinished18.Manyspeciesofanimalswhichoncelivedontheearth______nolongerinexistence.A)isB)areC)wasD)were19.Myfamily______veryinterestedinplayingbowls,which______verymuchinfashionnow.A)is…isB)are…areC)is…areD)are…is20.ThenumberofstudentsintheoralEnglishprogramtraining______to20.A)limitsB)islimitedC)limitedD)arelimited四虛擬語氣、情態(tài)動詞+完成式1.Everything______ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade.A)willbedestroyedB)willhavedestroyedC)wouldhavedestroyedD)wouldhavebeendestroyed2.Ifyouhadstudiedtheproblemcarefullyyesterday,______.A)youwon’tfindanydifficultynow

B)youwouldnothavefoundanydiffficultnowC)youwouldnotfindanydifficultynowD)youhavenotfoundanydifficultynow3.Hewouldbestudyingattheuniversitynowifhe______theertranceexamination.A)passedB)havepassedC)hadpassedD)shouldhavepassed4.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A)couldloseB)wouldhavelostC)mightloseD)oughthavelost5.Butthathecametohelpme,I______.A)couldnothavesucceededB)didnotsucceedC)couldnotsucceedD)can’tbutsuc