高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練專(zhuān)題二代詞

專(zhuān)題二代詞、數(shù)詞和介詞?？键c(diǎn)近幾年高考對(duì)代詞的考查點(diǎn)仍集中在不定代詞上，加大了對(duì)any，some，all，none，other，another，anything，something，everything等不定代詞的考查，同時(shí)仍要注意掌握it，that，one以及替代詞的用法。介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類(lèi)之一，其用法多而雜。要注意識(shí)別考綱中規(guī)定的介詞及相關(guān)搭配的基本意義和用法。代詞eq\a\vs4\al(1)anything，something，everythinganything既可用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中，意為“什么事情”，也可用于肯定句中，意為“任何事情”；something常用于肯定句中，也可用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示提出建議、征求意見(jiàn)等；everything意為“一切東西”，用于否定句中，表示部分否定，意為“不是一切……”。anythingbut決不，一點(diǎn)不nothingbut只有ifanything如果有什么區(qū)別的話(huà)fornothing免費(fèi)；無(wú)結(jié)果orsomething或是什么的somethingof有些用anything，something和everything填空：①I(mǎi)sthere________thatbelongstoyou?②Ihave________importanttotellyou.③InlearningEnglish，grammarisnot________．④Thecarhitatreeor________．【答案】①anything②something③everything④somethingeq\a\vs4\al(2)both，all，either，any，neither，none都任何都不兩者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone用any,neither和either填空：①Therearemanytreeson________sideofthestreet.②Herefusedtoaccept________ofthethreesuggestions.③________ofthetwocarsismine.Mineisunderrepair.【答案】①either②any③Neithereq\a\vs4\al(3)none，nothing，nobody/noonenone既可指人，也可指物，表特指概念，相當(dāng)于“no＋上文的人或物”；nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；nobody/noone只能指人，且表泛指概念。用none，nothing和nobody/noone填空：①Grandmotheraskedforsomecoffeebuttherewas________athome.②________knowsaboutit.③________ofusknowsaboutit.④Afterthefire，therewas________left.【答案】①none②Nobody/Noone③None④nothingeq\a\vs4\al(4)one，another，theother，some，others，theothers一個(gè)/一些另外一個(gè)/一些剩余的一個(gè)/一些單數(shù)oneanothertheother復(fù)數(shù)someotherstheothers用another和other填空：①Hewillstayherefor________threedays.＝Hewillstayhereforthree________days.②Hewilldropinonussome________day.＝Hewilldropinonus________day.【答案】①another；other②other；anothereq\a\vs4\al(5)every，eachevery限定詞三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的每一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)each限定詞或代詞兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的每一個(gè)作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)用every和each填空：①________oftheticketscosts10dollars.②Not________manishonest.③TheOlympicsareheld________fouryears.④They________haveabook.【答案】①Each②every③every④each數(shù)詞eq\a\vs4\al(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion，score，dozen等數(shù)詞前加具體數(shù)詞，表達(dá)一個(gè)確定數(shù)字時(shí)，無(wú)論后面有沒(méi)有of都不加－s；在hundred，thousand，score，dozen等數(shù)詞后加－s，表示“數(shù)以……計(jì)”。如：threehundredstudents，threehundredofthestudents，hundredsofstudents。完成下列句子：①I(mǎi)tisreportedthatthefloodshaveleftabout________(數(shù)以千計(jì)的)peoplehomeless.②Iwanttobuy________(三打)theeggs.【答案】①thousandsof②threedozenofeq\a\vs4\al(2)注意下面幾組詞的用法：①基數(shù)詞在another后或more的前面。如：anothertwobooks＝twomorebooks；②inthefifties(在五十年代)和inone'sfifties(在某人五十幾歲的時(shí)候)；③atwo－weekholiday＝atwoweeks'holiday(兩個(gè)星期的假期)。完成下列句子：①Hewasalreadyin________fiftiesin________fifties.②A(yíng)fteralongwalk，wehad________(幾分鐘)rest.【答案】①his；the②afewminutes'eq\a\vs4\al(3)用序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞編號(hào)用序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞編號(hào)。如：theFourthAct＝ActFour(第四幕)；theSecondWorldWar＝WorldWarⅡ(第二次世界大戰(zhàn))。完成下列句子：①Wewillhaveameetingin________(209房間)．②Hewaskilledin________(第一次世界大戰(zhàn))．【答案】①Room209②WorldWarI/theFirstWorldWareq\a\vs4\al(4)分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法當(dāng)基數(shù)詞(表示分子)大于1(one)時(shí)，序數(shù)詞(表示分母)要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：1/3one/athird,2/5twofifths。另外還有下列構(gòu)成法：1/2a/onehalf，1/4aquarter，3/4threequarters完成下列句子：①Fromthenonhetoured________(四分之三的)Beijing.②____________(三分之二的)theteachersinourschoolarewomen.【答案】①threequartersof/threefourthsof②Twothirdsof介詞eq\a\vs4\al(1)against的多種含義against(表反對(duì)，敵對(duì))意為“與……相反，與……對(duì)抗”；(表反方向)意為“與……逆向”；(表接觸)意為“與……沖突；倚靠；碰；撞”；(表對(duì)照)意為“以……為背景”；(表防護(hù))意為“為防備”；(表預(yù)備)意為“防備……”。判斷下列句子中against的含義：()①Nooneisagainstthisplan.()②Theteacher'sdeskisagainstthewall.()③Hisredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.()④Theevidenceisagainsthim.()⑤Theytookmeasuresagainstfire.()⑥Shefelldownandhitherheadagainsttheground.()⑦Sheswamagainstthetide.【答案】①反對(duì)②靠著③襯托④對(duì)……不利⑤預(yù)防⑥碰，撞⑦與……逆向eq\a\vs4\al(2)across，through，throughoutacross意為“橫過(guò)，穿過(guò)”，著重指從一條線(xiàn)或一物體表面的一邊到另一邊；含義與on有關(guān)；through意為“穿過(guò)；從……中通過(guò)”，著重指從空間的一頭縱向穿到另一頭；含義與in有關(guān)；throughout和through表示時(shí)間、空間上的貫穿時(shí)兩者用法相同，但throughout比through更具強(qiáng)調(diào)性。另外，through可意為“原因；手段”，through還可作副詞，意為“徹頭徹尾，自始至終”。用across，through和throughout填空：①Theybuiltabridge________theriver.②Walk________theparkandthehotelis________thestreet.③Thediseasespread________thecountry.【答案】①across②through；across③throughout/acrosseq\a\vs4\al(3)between，amongbetween用于兩者之間，用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的仍是其中每?jī)烧咧g的相互關(guān)系；among用于三者或三者以上。用between和among填空：①Thissecretisonly________youandme.②Wewillvisitthetown________themountains.③Ifyouwanttoloseweight，you'dbetternoteatanything________meals.【答案】①between②among③betweeneq\a\vs4\al(4)besides，except，exceptfor，exceptthat/when/where從句besides意為“除了……之外還有……”，句中常有other，another，else，more，also等詞；此外，besides可用作副詞；except意為“除了……之外不再有……”，句中常有all，any，every，no等詞；exceptfor意為“除了(因?yàn)?……”，表示除去整體中的一部分，范疇不一致。當(dāng)except用于句首時(shí)，后面往往要加上for；except后接that從句作賓語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間用when，表示地點(diǎn)用where。用besides，except，exceptfor和exceptthat填空：①I(mǎi)knownothingabouttheyounglady________sheisfromBeijing.②Idon'tmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore.________，thewalkdoesmegood.③Thecarisnice________thecolour.④Weallwenttothepark________Tom，whowasillinhospital.【答案】①exceptthat②Besides③exceptfor④excepteq\a\vs4\al(5)時(shí)間介詞in和after“in＋時(shí)間段”表示將來(lái)；“after＋時(shí)間段”表示過(guò)去，“after＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示將來(lái)。用in和after填空：①Hewillcomeback________twodays.②Hecameback________twodays.③Hewillcomeback________twoo'clock.【答案】①in②after③after1.(2014·江蘇卷)Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but________tonone.A.somethingB.anytingC.everythingD.nothing2.(2014·大綱卷)September30istheday________whichyoumustpayyourbill.A.byB.forC.withD.in3.(2014·大綱卷)—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?—Nothing________．A.muchB.elseC.everD.yet4.(2014·浙江卷)Peoplewon'tpayattentiontoyouwhentheystillhavealotofideasoftheirowncrying________expression.A.fromB.overC.withD.for5.(2014·江西卷)ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelife________hisgreatwealth.A.withoutB.despiteC.inD.to6.(2013·陜西卷)AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears，shelost________ofherenthusiasmforlife.A.someB.neitherC.noneD.all7.(2013·遼寧卷)Toherjoy，Dellaearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthen________ofhercolleagues.A.thatB.oneC.onesD.those8.(2013·安徽卷)Thisprojectrequirescloseteamwork.________willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.A.NothingB.AnythingC.SomethingD.Everything9.(2012·北京卷)Doyouthinkthisshirtistootight________theshoulder?A.atB.onC.toD.across10.(2012·浙江卷)StudyingWendy'smenu，Ifoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilarto________ofMcDonald's.A.thoseB.onesC.anyD.all【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.A9.D10.A1.Ihaven'tread________ofhernovels，butjudgingfromtheoneIhaveread，Ithinkshe'sapromisingwriter.A.bothB.anyC.noneD.either2.—CanyoucomeonFridayorSaturday?—I'mafraid________dayispossible.IamleavingforDalianonbusiness.A.eitherB.anyC.noneD.neither3.Ifonesiderefusestogiveinto________，thetradetalkbetweenthecountriesislikelytobreakdown.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.oneanother4.________isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.A.SuchB.ThisC.ThatD.So5.TheEnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom________spokeninEngland.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.theone6.Theearthquakeandthesuffering________hascausedwillaffectusgreatlyforalongtime.A.thatB.itC.whichD.what7.Wealreadyhave________pencils，butweneedtwo________pens.A.dozenof；dozenB.dozensof；dozensC.dozensof；dozenD.dozensof；dozenof8.—Areyoucleaningmyroom?—Ican'thelp________.Ican'tbearseeingpeople'sroominamess!A.itB.thisC.anythingD.so9.Hisadvertisementincomethisyearisabout$36million，overthreetimes________oflastyear.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.ones10.—Excuseme，buthaveyoueverseenmybook?—Sorry，Iamnotsure.Apersonjusttookabookaway，butIdon'tknow________．A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.where11.—It'ssaidthatitwillbeextremelycoldthiswinter.—________，themajorityoftheexpertspredictthatthetemperaturewillbenormal.A.InotherwordsB.OnthecontraryC.AsaresultD.What'smore12.InAmerica，it'samistaketothinkofFloridaonlyastheplaceforvacation________itstouristattractions.A.inhonourofB.intermsofC.inthenameofD.intheeyesof13.—It'salmosttimefortheflight.Get________theplaneplease.—OK，seeyou!—Takecare!A.aroundB.abroadC.aboardD.board14.Doyouexpect________tobeanypossibilitythathewillbeelectedchairman?A.itB.thatC.oneD.there15.________twoexamstoworryabout，Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.A.BesidesB.BecauseofC.WithD.Asfor16.Sometimesproperanswersarenotfartoseek________foodsafetyproblems.A.inB.toC.onD.after17.Eventually，thePresidenthadtoleaveoffice________publicpressureinordertoeasethetensionofthesituation.A.infavourofB.inresponsetoC.inreturnforD.inhonourof18.Thesportsmeet，originally________beheldlastFriday，wasfinallydelayedbecauseofthebadweather.A.duetoB.thankstoC.owingtoD.accordingto19.Mikewasonthespotwhenthetrafficaccidenthappened，sohehadnodifficultyindescribingit________．A.atlastB.atmostC.atstakeD.atlength20.Steven'sexamresultsputhim________thetoptenstudentsinhisgrade.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.at21.—Excuseme,wherecanIget________applicationform?—Goto________Window10,please.A.an;/B.an;theC./;/D.the;the22.HomemilkdeliveryhasalmostdisappearedinChinanow,andgonewith________aremilkmen.A.whichB.itC.whatD.them23.Thepreviouslecturefocusedonthereadingproblemsinnewwords,whilethislecturewillturnto________incomplexsentencestructures.A.thatB.oneC.thoseD.ones24.Iturnedtobookstoresandlibrariesseekinginformationaboutthebookmentionedinhis