高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課件名詞性從句

優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!1在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!2引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever連接副詞how,why,when,wherehowever,wherever連接詞that,whether,if,becauseasif/asthough(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!3在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問(wèn)含義。Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy問(wèn)題是他對(duì)那個(gè)小男孩做了些什么。優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!41.主語(yǔ)從句在句中作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)。優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!5that在從句中無(wú)詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當(dāng)成分。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear他要跟我們說(shuō)什么,還不清楚。優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!6WhowillwinthematchisstillunknownWheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannouncedThathestoleabikewastrue優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!7單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。WhereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfoundWhenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestill優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!8unknown.有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首,而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下:1)It+be+名詞+that從句2)It+be+形容詞+that從句優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!93)It+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that從句4)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!10注意:在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should+do”,常用的句型有:ItisnecessaryIt’simportant,It’snatural優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!11strange,etc.that…2.賓語(yǔ)從句名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!121.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!13注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語(yǔ)從句常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。Iinsistthatsheshoulddoherworkalone優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!14Thecommanderorderedthattroopsshouldsetoffatonce但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講,insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講,則其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!15IwanttoknowwhathehastoldyouShealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwellShewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!163用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)句whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,?？苫Q。但從句中有ornot時(shí)或介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句,如:主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句只用whether優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!17介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo),要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句,只在except,but,besides等之后才用。Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornotEverythingdependsonwhether優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!18wehaveenoughmoney.4賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài);IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!19IknowthathestudiedEnglishlasttermIknowthathewillstudyEnglishnextyearWeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!20如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一般過(guò)去時(shí),則從句中的語(yǔ)動(dòng)只能用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式,如一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等;Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!21TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀(guān)真理,科學(xué)原理,自然現(xiàn)象,則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!225當(dāng)主句是I/Wethinksuppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句如果是否定形式,常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegameIdon’tthinkhewilldoso優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!23doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),后面用whether/if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),后面用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。besure用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí),后接that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句;用于否定句時(shí),后接whether/if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!24連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,相當(dāng)于anyonewho,anythingthat等。它們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于nomatterwho/what/which。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!253.表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用asif,because引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!26主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+that從句ThefactisthatwehavelostthegameThat’sjustwhatIwantThisiswhereourproblemliesThatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!27ItlooksasifitisgoingtorainThisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.需要注意的是,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyone優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!28minutethismorning.4.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名詞后,如news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief等,用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容,優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!29引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞通常有that,whether和連接副詞when,where,why,how;連接代詞who,what,whose,which通常不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!30同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:that作為關(guān)系代詞,可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,充當(dāng)句子成分,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略;that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),起連詞的作用,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,一般不能省略。優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!31Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,不能省略)Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,作賓語(yǔ),可以省略)優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!321.Thephotographswillshowyou____.(MET1989)A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!332.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別高考題例示:1.______wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan______wehaveNMET1996A.What;whatB.What;thatCThat;thatD.That;what優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無(wú)限!342.Noonecanbesure_____inamillionyears.MET1991A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklik