新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：夾敘夾議類完形填空（含答案）

夾敘夾議類完形填空夾敘夾議類完形填空技巧點撥夾敘夾議類完形填空從近兩年的高考完型來看，很多完形往往在平淡的敘述中蘊含著深刻的人生哲理，鑒于這一點考生不僅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的內(nèi)涵，只有這樣才能透徹理解文章做好完型填空。一、夾敘夾議文體的特點夾敘夾議的文章是高考完形填空題中最有難度的，也是最熱點的一類體裁。所選文章語言地道、寓意深刻、可讀性強。敘夾議文體就是一方面敘述某一事情，一方面又對此事加以分析與評論。這種表達方式中的敘與議是一個有機的整體，“敘”是“議”的基礎(chǔ)，即議論不能脫離記敘，必須在記敘的基礎(chǔ)上展開；“議”是“敘”的滲透，即議論在記敘的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展，且有一定的深度與廣度。二者水乳交融，互為一體。這種文體的語言既有記敘文的特點：借助敘述、描寫、抒情等手段記敘社會生活中的人、事、景、物的情態(tài)及其發(fā)展過程，用以表現(xiàn)作者思想，抒發(fā)作者情感；時態(tài)以一般過去時為主，其他時態(tài)為輔；廣泛使用動態(tài)動詞；適當(dāng)運用直接引語。同時又具有議論文的語言個性：語言自然、客觀、準(zhǔn)確，邏輯性強，且具有概括性。在遣詞造句方面多使用虛擬語氣、讓步狀語從句和can,may,might,could,would,should等情態(tài)動詞。此類完形填空一般有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)特點：1.事例——觀點。先敘述作者自己親歷或所見所聞的一件事情，然后針對這件事情發(fā)表自己對生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2.觀點——事例。先提出一種觀點或看法，然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事例來說明，一般是一個事例，有時也會用幾個事例從不同的側(cè)面加以說明。3.觀點——事例——觀點。提出一種觀點或看法，然后用事例說明，最后再進一步闡述或總結(jié)自己的觀點。二、解題技巧解題時要做到：1.讀好短文首句，琢磨文章內(nèi)容。完形填空的首句一般不設(shè)空，是完整的一句話，信息就從這里開始，它暗示或告訴讀者下文將會說什么。正確利用首句信息對于把握文章大意是極其重要和有效的。2.感受文體風(fēng)格，領(lǐng)會作者意圖。文章的寫作風(fēng)格往往能表現(xiàn)出作者的思想傾向和情感態(tài)度，因此分析作者是否一直用某種態(tài)度敘述某件事情，就能正確把握作者的思想情感。3.做題時要迅速找到全文的主旨大意。其次要跟著作者的思路讀全文，思維要有靈活性，要隨著記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時調(diào)整思維方式。答題時必須要遵循“整體—部分—整體”的步驟，具體可分為以下三步：1．通覽全文，了解大意。2．綜合考慮，逐項填空。3．復(fù)讀檢驗，以防疏漏。典型舉例（1）OverthecourseofafewdayswhenIwasinanursinghometorecover,Istartedtoreallyappreciatethehousekeeper,anelderlyladywhodidn’tspeakEnglish.Everymorningat6:30shewouldtrytogetintomyroom1soshewouldn’tdisturbme.However,everytimeIwould2andseeher.Shewouldtryto3andatthesametimegaveanamazingsmile.4,Iwouldbejustwaitingtoseehercomeinandgivethatwonderful5.I6fromanursethattherewasanemployeerewardsprogram.Iaskedhertowritea(an)7cardformyhousekeeperandputitup.Abouttenminuteslater,anothernursecameintomyroomandtoldmethatthehousekeeperwasoutinthehall8hereyesout.HadIdonesomethingwrongorinappropriate?Thenthenurse9totellmethatthehousekeeperhadworkedthereforthirtyyearsandhadnever10arewardscard.It11melikeatonofbricks.Justafewsimplewordsmadesucha12.FromthatdayforwardItriedtoadmiresomeoneeverydayforthegoodthingstheyshowed.Theresultswere13.Peoplecameinwithsmiles,theytalkedmore,theylaughedmore,andthey14lifemore.15,itseemsthemoreItriedtopraiseothers,the16Igot.I’moutofnursinghomenowandalmost17recovered.Ithankmyhousekeeperforhelpingmeseejusthowunbelievably18lifeis.Do19afavorandtellyourlovedonesjusthowmuchthey20toyou.Itcanmaketheworldofdifferencewithboththemandyou.1.A.quickly B.quietly C.happily D.slowly2.A.wake B.stand C.sit D.go3.A.leave B.hide C.explain D.apologize4.A.Eventually B.Gradually C.Suddenly D.Occasionally5.A.greeting B.apology C.smile D.word6.A.knew B.learned C.found D.got7.A.invitation B.congratulation C.appreciation D.appointment8.A.laughing B.shouting C.screaming D.crying9.A.wenton B.cameup C.setout D.gotup10.A.accepted B.received C.created D.afforded11.A.beat B.knocked C.hit D.touched12.A.difference B.profit C.mistake D.contribution13.A.disappointing B.interesting C.amazing D.embarrassing14.A.understood B.valued C.enriched D.enjoyed15.A.However B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Otherwise16.A.less B.more C.worse D.better17.A.barely B.fully C.really D.rarely18.A.dangerous B.beautiful C.tough D.enthusiastic19.A.yourself B.you C.themselves D.them20.A.bring B.take C.give D.mean第一步通覽全文，了解大意。作者用自己的親身實例告訴讀者：感恩是非常重要的，能讓你的生活充滿陽光。第二步綜合考慮，逐項填空。1． B副詞辨析。根據(jù)前文作者是病人housekeeper非常友好，早晨進入作者的房間應(yīng)是靜悄悄地。故選B。2． A動詞辨析。句意：每次我都會醒來看到他。故此處選A。3． D動詞辨析。根據(jù)句意選D。4． B副詞辨析。根據(jù)前文此處應(yīng)是逐漸地。故選B。5． C名詞辨析。根據(jù)前文應(yīng)是smile，故選C。6． B動詞辨析。learnsthfromsb從某人那里得知。故選B。7． C名詞辨析。根據(jù)前文應(yīng)是作者多housekeeper充滿感激，想寫一張表示感激的卡片。8． D動詞辨析。根據(jù)下文應(yīng)是哭泣，故選D。9． A動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)是“繼續(xù)告訴我”，故應(yīng)選A。10．B動詞辨析。此處應(yīng)是收到，該女傭工作三十年沒有收到過感謝卡，這次收到非常感激。故應(yīng)選B。11．C副詞辨析。句意：它就像一噸重磚頭擊中了我。12．A名詞辨析。makeadifference有意義。故選A。13．C形容詞辨析。作者從那次事件后得知簡單的幾句話就能令人驚奇。故選C14．D動詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：人們談地多、笑地多，享受生活的也多。15．C副詞辨析。根據(jù)題意“我表揚人們越多，我得到的越多”。故選C。16．D形容詞辨析。與前文的more對應(yīng)，應(yīng)選better，故選D。17．B副詞辨析。根據(jù)前文outofnursinghome，應(yīng)是完全康復(fù)，故選B。18. B形容詞辨析。應(yīng)該是美好的生活，故選B。19. A代詞辨析。dosbafavor給某人以幫助，此處應(yīng)是：幫你自己一個忙。故選D。20．D句意：……他們對于你意味著是多么重要。第三步復(fù)讀檢驗，以防疏漏。完成所有空格后，還要再復(fù)讀一遍全文，看看短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯是否合理。若有不合語感、題意之處，還應(yīng)調(diào)整答案，力求做到萬無一失。（2）ShortlyafterIstartedoutasaprofessionalbaseballplayerintheTri-StateLeague,Iwasfired.“Frank,”themanagersaid1,“whateveryoudoafteryouleavehere,putsome2andenthusiasmintoyourwork!”Well,thatwasthe3thingIexpectedhimtosay.Aweeklater,4,IwasintroducedtotheNewHeaven.Myfirstdayherewillalways5inmymemoryasagreateventinmylife.Nooneknewmeintheleague,soIwas6tomakemyselfthemostenthusiasticballplayerthey’deverseen.FromtheminuteI7onthefield,Iactedlikeamanelectrified.AndIactedasifIwerealivewithamillion8.Mybiggestthrillcamethefollowingmorning9IreadintheNewHeavennewspaper:“This10player,Frank,hasabarrel（桶）ofenthusiasm.He11ourboys.Theylookedbetterthanatanytimethisseason.”Thenewspaperbegan12methelifeoftheteam.Withintwoweeks,enthusiasmtookmefrom$250amonthto$1850amonth—it13myincomeby700percent!Twoyearsafterthat,Iwas14thirdbasefortheSt.Louisandmultipliedmyincomebythirtytimes.Enthusiasm15didit;nothingbutenthusiasm.Enthusiasmisbyfarthehighestpaid16onearth.Ithelpsyoubecomemoresuccessful,and17ahealthier,richerandhappierlife.“Tobecomeenthusiastic—actenthusiastically.”Putthisruleinto18forthirtydaysandbepreparedtoseeastonishing19.Itmayeasilychangeyourentirelife.Canyouacquireenthusiasm—ormustyoubeborn20it?Certainlyyoucanacquireit!1A.carefullyB.casuallyC.quicklyD.firmly2.A.curiosityB.lifeC.experienceD.pleasure3.A.properB.otherC.lastD.only4A.meanwhileB.thereforeC.otherwiseD.however5.A.giveoutB.keepupC.standoutD.lookup6.A.determinedB.delightedC.excitedD.moved7.A.glancedB.appearedC.queuedD.cheered8.A.batteriesB.machinesC.playersD.balls9.A.tillB.beforeC.whenD.though10.A.healthyB.popularC.familiarD.new11.A.inspiredB.satisfiedC.upsetD.disappointed12.A.showingB.callingC.givingD.bringing13.A.includedB.madeC.tookD.increased14.A.introducingB.leavingC.playingD.starting15.A.aloneB.onceC.alsoD.indeed16.A.reputationB.qualityC.themeD.profession17.A.changeB.enjoyC.spoilD.admire18.A.fieldB.memoryC.actionD.idea19.A.effortsB.eventsC.factorsD.results20.A.withB.inC.withoutD.at第一步通覽全文，了解大意。作者以自己的親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們：付諸激情你就能改變自己的生活。第二步綜合考慮，逐項填空。1.答案：D本空考查副詞基本含義的辨析。carefully仔細(xì)地；casually隨便地；quickly快速地；firmly堅定地。根據(jù)下文manager說話的語氣判斷是堅定地，故選D。2．答案：B本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。curiosity好奇心；life生活；experience經(jīng)驗，經(jīng)歷；pleasure快樂。根據(jù)下文的enthusiasm和life判斷填life。故選B。3．答案：C本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。proper適當(dāng)?shù)模籵ther其他的；last最后的；only僅僅。因為作者被解雇了，這是經(jīng)理給他說的最后一句話。故選C。4．答案：D本空考查副詞基本含義的辨析。meanwhile同時；therefore因此，所以；otherwise否則；however盡管如此。根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)是“盡管如此”，故選D。5．答案：C本空考查動詞短語基本含義的辨析。giveout發(fā)出；keepup保持；standout突出，站出來，堅持到底，堅決反對；lookup向上看。應(yīng)該是我的第一天在我的印象中很突出。故選C。6．答案：A本空考查形容詞基本含義的辨析。determined決心的；delighted感到高興的；excited感到興奮的；moved受感動的。bedeterminedtodosth.下定決心做某事。故選A。7．答案：B本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。glanced匆忙看一眼；appeared出現(xiàn)；queued排隊；cheered歡呼。此處是“出現(xiàn)在場地上”，故選B。8．答案：A本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。batteries電池；machines機器；players運動員；balls球。beactivewith充滿活力，根據(jù)前文的electrified判斷填A(yù)。9．答案：C本空考查連詞基本含義的辨析。till直到；before在……之前；when當(dāng)……時候；though盡管，雖然。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)我在NewHaven報紙上閱讀時……。故選C。10．答案：D本空考查形容基本含義的辨析。healthy健康的；popular流行的；familiar熟悉的；new新的。根據(jù)前文這里是作者剛來，稱為是“新來的”，故選D。11．答案：A本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。inspired鼓舞；satisfied滿意；upset使……感到不安；disappointed使……感到失望。根據(jù)前文的enthusiasm判斷是作者激情鼓舞了隊員們。故選A。12．答案：B本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。showing給……看，展示；calling叫；giving給予；bringing帶來。因為作者的成就被那些報紙稱為“球隊的生命。”故選B。13．答案：D本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。included包括；made制作；took帶走；increased提高，增加。根據(jù)前文的from$250amonthto$1850amonth可知選D。14．答案：C本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。introducing介紹；leaving離開；playing玩；starting開始。根據(jù)前文是baseball，應(yīng)是我打第三壘，故選C。15．答案：A本空考查副詞基本含義的辨析。alone單獨，單個，放在名詞之后是“僅僅”；once曾經(jīng)；also也；indeed的確。根據(jù)前文作者在回想原經(jīng)理說的那句話是錯誤的，僅僅是激情就成就了自己。故選A。16．答案：B本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。reputation榮譽；quality品質(zhì)；theme主題；profession職業(yè)。熱情就是地球上獲得最高報酬的品質(zhì)。故選B。17．答案：B本空考查動詞基本含義的辨析。change改變；enjoy喜歡，享受；spoil破壞；admire欣賞，羨慕。根據(jù)前文作者得到的高收入，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)是享受更健康、富裕、幸福的生活。故選B。18．答案：C本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。field田地；memory記憶；action行動；idea主意。putsthintoaction把……付諸行動。故選C。19．答案：D本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。efforts努力；events事件；factors因素；results結(jié)果。投入激情30天，你就能收獲令人吃驚的效果。故選D。20．答案：A本空考查介詞基本含義的辨析。with和……在一起；in在……里面；without沒有；at在……旁邊。bebornwith生來具有，與前文的acquire相對應(yīng)。故選A。第三步復(fù)讀檢驗，以防疏漏。完成所有空格后，還要再復(fù)讀一遍全文，看看短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯是否合理。若有不合語感、題意之處，還應(yīng)調(diào)整答案，力求做到萬無一失。當(dāng)堂精練（1）SinceIwas12yearsold,I'vesufferedfromaconditioncalledCompulsiveHairPulling(強迫性拔毛癥).Thephysicaldestructionwassevere,buttheemotional__1__wasworse.WhenIwasyoung,noone,__2__mydoctor,knewhowtohelpme.Iwasalone.Growingup,Ididn't__3__anywhereandIsufferedgreatshameknowingI'dbroughtthis__4__uponmyself.Myhandsseemedtohavea__5__oftheirown.“What'swrongwithme，”I'doftenwonder.Sometimes,peopleaskedaboutmy__6__ofeyelashes(眼睫毛)andeyebrows.Iwaslonely,butIkeptpeopleatadistance.However,eachnight,__7__Ifellasleep,I'dprayforwisdom,andforGodtosendsomeonewho__8__.ThenwhenIwas25,Ireadaletterfromamomwhosechildsufferedfromthesameillness.Icould__9__believemyeyes.Afteralltheseyears,Idiscovered,Iwasnot__10__.Atthatmoment,myjourneyfor__11__began.Itooksmall__12__atfirst—tellingonlyafewfriends.Someofthemtriedtounderstand.Then,theybeganto__13__theirsecretswithme.Ilearnedtosee__14__thewayGodsawme,someone__15__love.Oneday,my__16__happened.Afriendcalledwithwonderfulnews.ShejustmetawomanwithCompulsiveHairPulling—someonejustlikeme.Shegavemeherphonenumber.Iwas__17__.Iquicklydialed,andfromtheminuteChristinaanswered,webegantochatlikeoldfriends,boththrilledtofindsomeonewhounderstoodourpain.We__18__tomeetsoon,onlytofindwelivedonlytwoblocksaway.Weimmediately__19__ourphones,andinthedarkofnight,ranoutsidetothenearbyparksinourpajamas,__20__wehugged,criedandtalkedforhours.IfeltI'djustmetmylonglosttwin,someonewhounderstoodmypainandstruggles.1．A.conflictB．threat C．damage D．puzzle2．A.including B．except C．beyond D．but3．A.belongtoB．fitin C．comeup D．fallover4．A.shyness B．pain C．a(chǎn)nger D．tiredness5．A.decision B．solution C．mind D．conclusion6．A.color B．shape C．recovery D．lack7．A.after B．before C．if D．whether8．A.understood B．missed C．thought D．listened9．A.neverB．hardly C．seldom D．rarely10．A.ill B．weak C．sad D．a(chǎn)lone11．A.healing B．praying C．searching D．longing12．A.efforts B．suggestionC．steps D．walks13．A.share B．betray C．sell D．keep14．A.them B．everyone C．a(chǎn)nyone D．myself15．A.wasting B．deservingC．giving D．refusing16．A.illness B．symptom C．prediction D．miracle17．A.peacefulB．surprised C．overjoyed D．cold18．A.wentB．ran C．planned D．imagined19．A.dialed B．exchanged C．fell D．dropped20．A.where B．when C．howD．why（2）MybrotherandIweredrivinghometogether.We1somethinginterestingontheway.Becauseoftheconversation,mybrothertooka2turn.Unfortunately,theturntook3towardsabridgeandwehadnowaytoturnback.Mybrother4thebridgetoll(通行費)anddroveon.Hewas5frustratedbythemistakeandtheneedlesswasteof$4.Whenwereachedanexitslipway,mybrother6thatayoungguypulledovertothesideoftheroad.Iwasbusytryingto7whichwaywewentnextwhenmybrotherpulledoverandaskedtheguyifheneededany8.Andhedid.Hehadaflattireandneededawrench(扳手)togetitoff.Mybrother9himawrench,andthenbegantohelphim10thetire.Theyoungmansaidthatthishadbeena11weekforhim;earlierhehadgottenintoaminorcaraccident,andnowthis12flatonhiswayhomefromwork.Buthecalledus“abreathoffreshair”andkept13usbecausehereallywouldhavebeenstuck14wehadn’tcomealong.Afterwehadfinishedthejobhethankedus15andpulledout$20and16togiveittous.“No,”mybrothersaid,“wewere17supposedtogetonthatbridge,yetwetookawrongturn.Butnowweknow18wedid.Itwastohelpyou.Thankyouforturningourmistakeintoanopportunityto19.”Mybrother’sreactioninthes