河北省高三上學期省級聯測考試英語解析

絕密★啟用前2024—2025高三省級聯測考試英語試卷班級________姓名________注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的學校、班級、姓名及考號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthespeakersmeetatthelibrary?A.At6p.m.B.At7p.m.C.At9a.m.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inagrocery.B.Inagallery.C.Inabookstore.3.WhatdothespeakersthinkofDaveThomas?A.Heisqualifiedforschoolpresident.B.Heisknowledgeableaboutsubjects.C.Heisgoodatmakingspeeches.4.Whowillgiveaspeechaboutwaterpollution?A.Dr.Jack.B.ProfessorGreen.C.EngineerDavis.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Uniquemachines.B.AIartsexhibit.C.Creativeideas.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthemansayinhispresentation?A.Thereisalackofattentiononart.B.Studentsneedatheatertoplayin.C.Theschooltheatershouldbeopen.7.Whatdoesthemanexpectthegovernmenttodo?A.Openmoremusicschools.B.Treatartslikemathorreading.C.Investmoremoneyinscience.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Athome.B.Inalab.C.Inarestaurant.9.Whatdoesthewomanchooseatlast?A.Friedinsects.B.Steak.C.Fish.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatdoesthewomanfirstcheckabouttheMauidolphin?A.Itsbehavior.B.Itshabitat.C.Itslength.11.WhatisthepopulationoftheMauidolphinsnow?A.Lessthan50.B.Morethan100.C.About500.12.WhatareMauidolphinslike?A.Dangerous.B.Sociable.C.petitive.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?ATofindagoodjob.B.Tojoinaclub.C.Tobeeavolunteer.14.Whatmaythemangetinvolvedin?A.Buyingbooksfromthetownlibrary.B.Collectingbooksforthevillagelibrary.C.Managingthevillagelibrary.15.Whatisthemanassignedtodoatthelunchclub?A.Cookthefood.B.Transporttheold.C.Actasawaiter.16.WhatwillthemandotohelpMr.Selsbury?A.Sendhimtothehospital.B.Decoratehiskitchen.C.Weedhisgarden.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatwillthetraineesbetoldonSept.13?A.Changesoftrainingplaces.B.Participantsforeachsession.C.Periodsforeachsession.18.Whataretraineesrequiredtodoinadvance?A.Buythespecifiedmaterials.B.Dosomepreparationexercises.C.pletethetaskofprinting.19.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttoknowfromthequestionnaire?A.Theperformanceofthenewpany.B.Theresponsibilityofthetrainingmanager.C.Theplaintsofstudentsaboutthesessions.20.Whyarepeopleremindedtocheckthenoticeboard?A.Tolearnaboutsomefeedback.B.Tokeepthemselveswellinformed.C.Togetinformationaboutemails.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ASummer2024BestPracticesinUniversityTeachingWorkshopDescriptionTheCenterforTeachingExcellenceandInnovationispleasedtoofferBestPracticesinUniversityTeaching,amultidayworkshopforJohnsHopkinsfaculty(教職員工).ThisisagreatopportunityfornewfacultywhoareinterestedinlearningaboutevidencebasedteachingpracticesbutisopentoallJohnsHopkinsfacultyandlecturersfromanydiscipline.Externaluniversitycolleaguesarealsoweletoattend.ACertificateofpletioncanbeearnedbyallparticipantswhopletetheworkshopdeliverable,alessonplanforaneworexistingcourse.WhileearningtheCertificateofpletionisnotrequiredforparticipationintheworkshop,itisencouragedtogetthemostofoutofyourtimewithus.ScheduleMonday,July15,9—11a.m.CourseDesignTuesday,July16,9—11a.m.AssessmentWednesday,July17,9—11a.m.EvidenceBasedTeachingStrategiesThursday,July18,9—11a.m.InclusiveEducationFriday,July19,9—10a.m.GradingandEvaluationStrategiesFriday,July19,10—11a.m.ClassroommunicationTuitionRemissionInformationFulltime,benefitsqualifiedJohnsHopkinsemployeesmaysubmitfor100%tuitionremission(減免),andthisdoesnotcheckofffromtheannual$5,250allotment(配額)forcreditcourses.Youarequalifiedfortuitionremissiononceyouhavepleted120daysoffulltimeemploymentaslongasyouareJohnsHopkinsfacultyorstaffandcontinueinafulltimeposition.Youwillneedtofillouttheforminordertoreceivethetuitionbenefits.Paymentorthetuitionremissionformmustbereceivedtosecureyourseatintheworkshop.1.Whatwillparticipantslearnattheworkshop?A.Howtodisciplinelearners. B.Howtodevelopinterestinteaching.C.Howtobaselecturesonevidence. D.Howtobeexcellentatpractices.2.HowcanaparticipantgetaCertificateofpletion?A.Byhavingcreditcourses. B.Byfillingoutaforminadvance.C.Byworkingfulltimefor120days. D.Bymakingateachingplanforacourse.3.Whatwillbetaughtat9a.m.onFriday?A.CourseDesign. B.Assessment.C.Classroommunication. D.GradingandEvaluationStrategies.【答案】1.C2.D3.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了2024年夏季由約翰斯?霍普金斯大學卓越教學與創(chuàng)新中心舉辦的“大學教學最佳實踐”研討會的相關情況?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Description部分中“ThisisagreatopportunityfornewfacultywhoareinterestedinlearningaboutevidencebasedteachingpracticesbutisopentoallJohnsHopkinsfacultyandlecturersfromanydiscipline.(對于有興趣學習循證教學實踐的新教師來說，這是一個很好的機會，但對約翰霍普金斯大學所有學科的教師和講師開放)”可知，參與者將學習如何基于證據來設計和實施教學。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Description部分中“ACertificateofpletioncanbeearnedbyallparticipantswhopletetheworkshopdeliverable,alessonplanforaneworexistingcourse.(所有完成研討會的參與者都可以獲得結業(yè)證書，完成新課程或現有課程的課程計劃)”可知，獲得證書的條件是設計一份教學計劃。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Schedule部分中“Friday,July19,9—10a.m.GradingandEvaluationStrategies(7月19日星期五上午9點至10點：評分和評估策略)”可知，周五上午9至10點的課程是“評分和評估策略”。故選D。BNotsolongago,Iwasadmiringonlineapairoffloralbiboveralls(印花工裝褲)thatwerewayoutofmypricerangeandfeltit,frankly,quiteexpensiveforapersonwhobuysmostofherclothingfromsecondhandstores.TheyweremadebyapanyIadmirebecauseitusesactual,reallifewomeninitsads.I’veadmiredthisparticularpairofoverallsforalongtime,knowingIwouldneverbewillingtospendthemoneyonthem.Oneafternoon,IpostedthefollowingontheInternet,alongwithaphotojustforfun:“ImeanIalreadyhavedreamsofbeingaFargoTradingCo.modelbecausethoseladiesrock,butiftheywouldpaymewiththeseoveralls,Iwouldbesetforlife.”Itwasafunpost,notmeanttoacplishanythingexceptacknowledgingthatIlikegardeningoveralls.Ifiguredthatwouldbetheendofthestory,untilIwascheckingmyemailthateveningandsawonethatgavemepause:“Billhassentyouanegiftcardfor(insertdollaramountofoverallshere)fromFargoTradingCo.”Icalledmydad,whosenameisBillandthankedhimforthegift.ButitturnedoutthatthisBillwasnotmydad,butapletestranger.Irereadtheemail,andfiguredoutthemysterygifterhadchosentouseacryptonym.Isentthepanyanemailofthanksandtoldthemthattheirgenerositywasanencouragementtomyheart.Iliketotellthestorybecauseitremindsmethatgenerositydoesn’tewithapricetag.Itdoesn’tcostmoneytospeakintosomeone’slife;buyingacupofcoffeecanberelativelyinexpensive;passingalongplantsfromyourgardenisbasicallyfree.Itisyourremindertobelike“Bill”.Goanddothatthingtoday.Youneverknowwhomightneedit.4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Shecollectsoveralls. B.Sheisshortofmoney.C.Shewantstobeamodel. D.Sheownsasecondhandstore.5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttodothroughherpost?A.Expresshergreatambition. B.Makeajokeontheoveralls.C.Showherlovefortheoveralls. D.Findsomeonetogiveheragift.6.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“cryptonym”inParagraph5?A.Falsename. B.Papercard. C.Newoverall. D.Realaddress.7.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughthestory?A.Generositycanstartsmall. B.Honestyisthebestpolicy.C.Pennywise,poundfoolish. D.Onegoodturndeservesanother.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者得到陌生人贈送的工裝褲，從而懂得了慷慨的意義的故事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Notsolongago,Iwasadmiringonlineapairoffloralbiboveralls(印花工裝褲)thatwerewayoutofmypricerangeandfeltit,frankly,quiteexpensiveforapersonwhobuysmostofherclothingfromsecondhandstores.(不久前，我在網上欣賞了一條花兜褲，它的價格遠遠超出了我的承受范圍，坦率地說，對于一個大部分衣服都是從二手店買的人來說，我覺得它相當貴)”可知，作者并不富裕。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Oneafternoon,IpostedthefollowingontheInternet,alongwithaphotojustforfun:“ImeanIalreadyhavedreamsofbeingaFargoTradingCo.modelbecausethoseladiesrock,butiftheywouldpaymewiththeseoveralls,Iwouldbesetforlife.”(一天下午，我在網上發(fā)了下面這段話，并配了一張照片，只是為了好玩：“我的意思是，我已經夢想成為法戈貿易公司的模特了，因為那些女士們太棒了，但如果他們愿意用這些工裝褲支付我的工資，我就可以穿一輩子?！?”可知，作者想通過她的帖子表達她對工裝褲的喜愛。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據上文“Icalledmydad,whosenameisBillandthankedhimforthegift.ButitturnedoutthatthisBillwasnotmydad,butapletestranger.(我打給我的爸爸，他的名字是比爾，并感謝他的禮物。但事實證明，這個比爾并不是我的父親，而是一個完全陌生的人)”提到作者按照名字給父親打了，發(fā)現那個名字與父親是重名。根據上文中“mystery”以及下文“Isentthepanyanemailofthanksandtoldthemthattheirgenerositywasanencouragementtomyheart.(我給公司發(fā)了一封感謝信，并告訴他們，他們的慷慨是對我內心的一種鼓勵)”可推測，那個名字是個假名字。故劃線詞意思是“假名字”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Iliketotellthestorybecauseitremindsmethatgenerositydoesn’tewithapricetag.(我喜歡講這個故事，因為它提醒我，慷慨是沒有代價的)”可知，作者認為慷慨沒有價格標簽，然后舉例“Itdoesn’tcostmoneytospeakintosomeone’slife;buyingacupofcoffeecanberelativelyinexpensive;passingalongplantsfromyourgardenisbasicallyfree.(對別人的生活說話不需要花錢；買一杯咖啡可能相對便宜;把你花園里的植物傳遞出去基本上是免費的)”說明小事也是慷慨。由此推知，作者認為，慷慨完全可以從小事做起。故選A。CLackingmoneymakespeoplefocusonthepresent—butlackingwatermakesthemplanforthefuture.Thehumanbrainissensitivetoscarcity(稀缺).Takemoney,forexample:whenpeopleplayagamethatmakessomeplayersimmediatelywealthierorpoorer,thosewholosemoneystartmakingdecisionsthatresultintheirbeingbetteroffnowbutworseofflater.Onepotentialexplanationforthistendencyisthatthesenseofnothavingenoughofwhatweneedmakesitharderforustofocusandplan.Inoneexperiment,collegestudentsreadarticlesaboutaseverewatershortageorplentyofwaterduetoincreasedrainfall.Thoseexposedtoscarcitythoughtsshowedaheightenedfocusonthefuture,agreeingmorewithsavingresourcesandplanningahead.Contrarily,thosewhoreadaboutawatersurplusprioritizedlivinginthepresentandwerelessconcernedaboutsaving.Moreover,weparedattitudesintwoIraniancities,ShirazandYazd,whichdiffergreatlyinwateravailability.ResidentsofwaterscarceYazdvalued“l(fā)ongtermpurpose”morethanthoseinwaterabundantShiraz.Expandingourinvestigationglobally,wefoundindividualsfromhistoricallywaterscarcenationstendedtoplaceagreateremphasisonsavingandplanningforthefuture.Forexample,inEurope,peopleinwaterrichIcelandthoughtlessaboutthefuture,whereasthoseindrySpainthoughtmoreaboutthefuture.Moreover,countries’historyofwaterscarcityseemedrelatedtoculturaldifferencesinawaythatmoreobviousfactorsdidn’t.Forexample,inepercapita(人均)didnotexplaindifferencesacrosscultures.Andalthoughcorruption(腐敗)mightmakeithardforpeopletothinkaboutthefuture,itwasnotastrongpredictor,either.Youmightguessthatpeoplethinkaboutthefuturemoreinplaceswheretheytendtolivelonger,butastonishingly,nationallifeexpectancywasnotasstrongapredictoraswaterscarcity.Ourworksuggeststhatasmanyplacesdryup,globalwarmingcouldreshapehowpeoplethink,pushingentiremunitiestowardmorecautious,environmentallyfriendly,futureorientedbehavior.Waterscarcitycouldbeuniquelypowerfulmotivationforustoprepareforandrespondtoawarmerworld.8.WhatdoestheexampleofgameplayinginParagraph1illustrate?A.Scarcityresultsinshortsighteddecisions. B.Gameplayingneedsahigherfocus.C.Gameplayersbeerichovernight. D.Losingmoneymakesusplanforthefuture.9.Whomighthavealongtermpurpose?A.PeoplelivinginShiraz. B.PeopleindrySpain.C.Peoplefocusingonthepast. D.Peoplereadingaboutwatersurplus.10.Whatmostlikelyaccountsforculturaldifferences?A.Corruption. B.Inepercapita.C.Asenseofwaterscarcity. D.Nationallifeexpectancy.11.Whatwillwaterscarcityinspirepeopletodo?A.Respondtoclimatechangeactively. B.Changeourattitudetowardfamily.C.Makepeoplecareaboutmunity. D.Bemorecautiousabouttheirrelationship.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了資源稀缺性，特別是水資源稀缺對人類心理及行為規(guī)劃的影響。文章暗示隨著全球變暖導致的水資源減少，這一趨勢可能促使社會整體向更加謹慎、更環(huán)保、更面向未來的方向轉變，強調了水資源稀缺在驅動人類適應氣候變化方面可能具有的獨特影響力?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Takemoney,forexample:whenpeopleplayagamethatmakessomeplayersimmediatelywealthierorpoorer,thosewholosemoneystartmakingdecisionsthatresultintheirbeingbetteroffnowbutworseofflater.(以金錢為例：當人們玩一款讓一些玩家立即變得更富有或更貧窮的游戲時，那些輸錢的人開始做出決定，結果是他們現在更富有，但以后會更糟糕)”可知，第一段中的玩游戲的例子說明了稀缺會導致目光短淺的決策。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Forexample,inEurope,peopleinwaterrichIcelandthoughtlessaboutthefuture,whereasthoseindrySpainthoughtmoreaboutthefuture.(例如，在歐洲，生活在水資源豐富的冰島的人們很少考慮未來，而生活在干旱的西班牙的人們則更多地考慮未來)”可知，干旱地區(qū)的西班牙人有長期目標。故選B?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Expandingourinvestigationglobally,wefoundindividualsfromhistoricallywaterscarcenationstendedtoplaceagreateremphasisonsavingandplanningforthefuture.(將我們的調查擴展到全球，我們發(fā)現，來自歷史上缺水國家的個人往往更強調節(jié)約用水和為未來做計劃)”和第五段“Moreover,countries’historyofwaterscarcityseemedrelatedtoculturaldifferencesinawaythatmoreobviousfactorsdidn’t.(此外，各國水資源短缺的歷史似乎與文化差異有關，而其他更明顯的因素則與之無關)”可知，水資源稀缺感是解釋文化差異的重要因素。故選C。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Ourworksuggeststhatasmanyplacesdryup,globalwarmingcouldreshapehowpeoplethink,pushingentiremunitiestowardmorecautious,environmentallyfriendly,futureorientedbehavior.(我們的研究表明，隨著許多地方干涸，全球變暖可能會重塑人們的思維方式，促使整個社區(qū)采取更謹慎、更環(huán)保、更面向未來的行為)”可知，缺水會激勵人們積極應對氣候變化。故選A。DPerhapsartificialintelligencedoesn’thavetobeasscaryasnewsreportshavemadeitouttobe.“We’realreadystartingtomoveawayfromorganizationslikeReutersandAssociatedPressandthingslikethatintomoresortofniche(小眾的)publicationsthatfocusonspecifictopicsliketheenvironmentortech.Andthat’sbeenhappeningforacoupleofyearsnow.AndIthinkit’llcontinuetohappen,”reporterHiltonsaid.Sohowistheriseofdigitalplatformsimpactingtraditionaljournalism?HowcanjournalistsrespondtothechallengesthatarisewithnewtechnologiessuchasAIgeneratedcontent?“Therewillbecertainteamsorevendepartmentsthatwillchecktoseetimestamps,checkthegeographicinformationandthingslikethat,”reporterHeneghansaid.Howwouldjournalistsbeabletocalloutfake(偽造的)videos?Hiltonsaidfakenewsreportsrequirejournaliststobemorecautiousandthatmakesforbetterjournalism.“We’relearningnewskillsinordertomakesurethatwe’redoingourpartandmakingsurethatthetruthisoutthere,”Hiltonsaid.PhotojournalistShoreshowedaphotoofapenguininadesertandpointedtoalabelinthecornerofthephoto.Heexplainedthatyoucanidentifyanuneditedphotobecauseeverydetailfromthemomentthephotowastakentoanychangesmadeafterwardisrecordedinprotectedlayersthatcanberead.Whenaskedwhetherartificialintelligencewouldtakeoverthejobsofjournalists,Hiltonsaid,“Itwilltakeawayalotofthedonkeyworkthatjournalistshavetodo.Oncethosetasksareautomated,journalistscanpursuemoresubstantive(實質性的)stories.Artificialintelligencewouldnotreplacejournalism.Idon’tthinkAIisgoingtomakeusjoblessbecausewearehumanbeingstellingstoriesabouthumanbeingsandnomachinecandothat.”12.WhichstatementdoesHiltonagreewith?A.Traditionaljournalismstilltakesthelead. B.AIisscaryintraditionalnewscoverage.C.Journalismisgoingthroughhugechanges. D.Thefocusofjournalismisondigitalization.13.WhatdoesShorewanttoshowusbythephotoofapenguin?A.Whatjournalistscareaboutmost. B.Whoarethetargetsoffakenews.C.Whydeepfakeistooharmful. D.Howpeopleidentifyfakecontent.14.WhatdoesHiltonstressinthelastparagraph?A.AImightimprovetheworkofjournalists. B.AIwilltaketheplaceofjournalists.C.AImaytellstoriesofhumanbeings. D.AIwilltreathumansasmachines.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.AIWillPoseaThreattoJournalismSoon B.TheFutureofNewsIsMoreTrustworthyCJournalismintheFutureWillBeDifferent D.JournalistsUseAIforHumanizedWork【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了隨著數字平臺和人工智能（AI）的興起，傳統新聞業(yè)的格局正在重塑，但這并不意味著對行業(yè)構成致命威脅。相反，AI被視為一種能夠通過承擔單調工作并提升新聞質量的工具，使記者能夠專注于更深入、更有意義的報道?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段““We’realreadystartingtomoveawayfromorganizationslikeReutersandAssociatedPressandthingslikethatintomoresortofniche(小眾的)publicationsthatfocusonspecifictopicsliketheenvironmentortech.Andthat’sbeenhappeningforacoupleofyearsnow.AndIthinkit’llcontinuetohappen,”reporterHiltonsaid.(記者Hilton說：“我們已經開始從路透社和美聯社這樣的機構轉向更專注于環(huán)境或科技等特定主題的利基出版物。這種情況已經發(fā)生了幾年?！蔽艺J為這種情況還會繼續(xù)發(fā)生?！?”可推知，Hilton認同新聞業(yè)正在經歷巨大的變化。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第六段“Heexplainedthatyoucanidentifyanuneditedphotobecauseeverydetailfromthemomentthephotowastakentoanychangesmadeafterwardisrecordedinprotectedlayersthatcanberead.(他解釋說，你可以識別一張未經編輯的照片，因為從拍攝照片的那一刻起，到之后的任何修改，每一個細節(jié)都記錄在可以讀取的保護層中)”可推知，展示企鵝的照片是為了說明如何識別偽造內容。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Itwilltakeawayalotofthedonkeyworkthatjournalistshavetodo.Oncethosetasksareautomated,journalistscanpursuemoresubstantive(實質性的)stories.(這將省去很多記者不得不做的繁重工作。一旦這些任務實現自動化，記者就可以追求更實質性的報道)”可知，希爾頓在最后一段強調人工智能可能會改善記者的工作。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Perhapsartificialintelligencedoesn’thavetobeasscaryasnewsreportshavemadeitouttobe.(也許人工智能并不一定像新聞報道中描述的那么可怕)”結合文章整體討論了隨著數字化平臺的興起和人工智能技術的應用，新聞行業(yè)正面臨的變化，包括對抗假新聞的措施以及AI對記者工作的影響等。這些內容綜合反映了新聞行業(yè)的未來將會呈現出與過去不同的面貌，因此C項“未來的新聞業(yè)會有所不同”最能概括文章主旨。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whiledoingaparticularlyboringtaskatworkorhome,haveyoueverstoppedthinkingaboutwhatyouweredoing,andstartedthinkingaboutyourlastvacationoranothereventthatmadeyouhappy?OrdoyousometimesdaydreamaboutmeetingTaylorSwiftorwhoeverisyourfavoritepopstarinsteadoffocusingonwork?____16____Almosteveryoneatsomepointexperiencesthattheirthoughtsdrift(轉移)awayfromthetaskathandtosomethingelse.Oneinterestingquestionishowmindwanderingaffectsouremotions.____17____ThinkingaboutthesandybeachesofHawaiiinsteadofacrucialworkemailsurelyisnotpositiveforworkperformance.Ontheotherhand,itcouldbearguedthatmindwanderingmaymakeusfeelbetterinsomesituations.Forexample,whenUncleGregistellingthesameannoyingstoryforatwelfthtimeatafamilyreunion,thinkingaboutyourfavoritefoodmaynotbetheworstthing.Inthatcase,mindwanderingmayhelpregulatenegativeemotionsandcreatepositiveemotionsinanunpleasantsituation.____18____Toclarifyhowmindwanderingaffectsemotionalwellbeing,ateamofscientistspublishedanewmetaanalysis(元分析).____19____Ithastheadvantagethatdatafrommanymorevolunteersthanintypicalstudiescanbeanalyzed.Thismakestheresultsofmetaanalysesparticularlytrustworthy.Overall,themetaanalysisresultsrevealedanegativeassociationbetweenmindwanderingandemotionalwellbeing.____20____First,theemotionalcontentofthethoughtsexperiencedduringmindwandering.Whentheunprompted(自發(fā)的)thoughtswerenegative,theeffectonemotionalwellbeingwasalsonegative.However,whenthecontentoftheunpromptedthoughtswaspositive,theeffectonemotionalwellbeingwasalsopositive.Second,intentionalityplayedamajorrole.Ifweintentionallyletourmindswander,theeffectonemotionalwellbeingismorepositive.A.Mindwanderingcouldmakeusfeelbad.B.Morethinkingoccursduringmindwandering.C.Soitpreventsalargerconflictatthereunion.D.However,twofactorsaffectedthisrelationship.E.Mindwanderingcanbepersonallyembarrassing.F.Suchexamplesofmindwanderingarequitemon.GItisastatisticalintegrationofpreviouslypublishedstudies.【答案】16.F17.A18.C19.G20.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了心不在焉如何影響以及在何種條件下影響個人的情緒狀態(tài)，強調了思緒內容和行為意圖在這一過程中的重要作用?！?6題詳解】根據上文“Whiledoingaparticularlyboringtaskatworkorhome,haveyoueverstoppedthinkingaboutwhatyouweredoing,andstartedthinkingaboutyourlastvacationoranothereventthatmadeyouhappy?OrdoyousometimesdaydreamaboutmeetingTaylorSwiftorwhoeverisyourfavoritepopstarinsteadoffocusingonwork?(當你在工作或家里做一件特別無聊的事情時，你是否曾經停止思考你正在做的事情，而開始思考你上次的假期或其他讓你快樂的事情？或者你有時會做白日夢，幻想著見到泰勒·斯威夫特或任何你最喜歡的流行歌星，而不是專注于工作？)”可知，日常生活中人們常常走神，如幻想度假或與喜愛的明星見面，這些都是“心不在焉”的例子。F項“這種走神的例子很常見”直接呼應了上文列舉的現象，說明這些心不在焉的行為十分普遍。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據后文“ThinkingaboutthesandybeachesofHawaiiinsteadofacrucialworkemailsurelyisnotpositiveforworkperformance.(想想夏威夷的沙灘，而不是一封重要的工作郵件，對工作表現肯定是不利的)”說明心不在焉可能導致工作表現不佳，A項“走神會讓我們感覺不好”符合上下文中對心不在焉負面影響的討論。故選A。【18題詳解】根據上文“Forexample,whenUncleGregistellingthesameannoyingstoryforatwelfthtimeatafamilyreunion,thinkingaboutyourfavoritefoodmaynotbetheworstthing.Inthatcase,mindwanderingmayhelpregulatenegativeemotionsandcreatepositiveemotionsinanunpleasantsituation.(例如，當格雷格叔叔第十二次在家庭聚會上講同一個煩人的故事時，想想你最喜歡的食物可能并不是最糟糕的事情。在這種情況下，走神可能有助于調節(jié)消極情緒，并在不愉快的情況下創(chuàng)造積極情緒)”提到，在不愉快的情境中（如家庭聚會中聽重復的無聊故事）心不在焉可以起到積極作用的情景，即“所以它防止了聚會上更大的沖突”。與上文所述的通過心不在焉來調節(jié)負面情緒，創(chuàng)造積極情緒的情境相吻合。故C選項“這樣可以防止團聚時發(fā)生更大的沖突”符合語境。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據上文“Toclarifyhowmindwanderingaffectsemotionalwellbeing,ateamofscientistspublishedanewmetaanalysis(元分析).(為了闡明走神是如何影響情緒健康的，一組科學家發(fā)表了一項新的元分析)”以及后文“Ithastheadvantagethatdatafrommanymorevolunteersthanintypicalstudiescanbeanalyzed.Thismakestheresultsofmetaanalysesparticularlytrustworthy.Overall,themetaanalysisresultsrevealedanegativeassociationbetweenmindwanderingandemotionalwellbeing.(與傳統研究相比，它的優(yōu)點是可以分析來自更多志愿者的數據。這使得元分析的結果特別值得信賴?？傮w而言，薈萃分析結果顯示走神與情緒健康之間存在負相關)”可知，本句主要解釋什么是元分析，即“這是一種對之前已發(fā)表研究的統計整合”，與下文提到的元分析能夠分析更多數據、結果更為可靠的信息相對應，說明了元分析的特點和優(yōu)勢。G項“這是對以前發(fā)表的研究的統計整合”符合語語境，故選G。20題詳解】根據后文“First,theemotionalcontentofthethoughtsexperiencedduringmindwandering.Whentheunprompted(自發(fā)的)thoughtswerenegative,theeffectonemotionalwellbeingwasalsonegative.However,whenthecontentoftheunpromptedthoughtswaspositive,theeffectonemotionalwellbeingwasalsopositive.Second,intentionalityplayedamajorrole.Ifweintentionallyletourmindswander,theeffectonemotionalwellbeingismorepositive.(首先，在走神期間所經歷的思想的情感內容。當自發(fā)的想法是消極的，對情緒健康的影響也是消極的。然而，當自發(fā)想法的內容是積極的，對情緒健康的影響也是積極的。第二，意向性發(fā)揮了重要作用。如果我們有意識地讓自己走神，對情緒健康的影響會更積極)”可知，本段中的“First”和“Second”可知，D項“然而，兩個因素影響了這種關系”引出了影響心不在焉與情緒健康關系的兩個關鍵因素，與下文詳細闡述的兩個因素（思緒內容的情感傾向和心不在焉的主動性）相匹配，起到了啟示下文的作用。故選D。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。EllieWalker,a22yearoldemployeeattheBritishgrocerychainSainsbury’s,experiencedsomethingextraordinary.Knownforher____21____behavior,Ellieenjoyedthedailychatwithcustomersbutnever____22____howdeeplytheseinteractionscouldimpactherlife.Itwasduringoneofthese____23____conversationsthatEllieencounteredEdwinHolmes,an86yearoldregular____24____.TheirinteractiontookaturnwhenEdwintoldEllieabouthisloneliness,____25____thathehadnoonetospendChristmaswith.This____26____madeElliefeelsympathyforEdwin,asshecouldn’t____27____thethoughtofEdwinspendingthefestiveseason____28____.MovedbyEdwin’ssituation,Ellie____29____toextendagesture(表示)ofkindness.SheinvitedhimtojoinherforaChristmasmeal,hopingtocreateamemorableandjoyous_____30_____forbothofthem.Itwasasimple_____31_____,butonethatmeantmuchforEdwin.TheChristmasdinnerwasaspecialandemotionalevent.Edwin_____32_____,lookingneatinasuit,withabunchofflowersinhandforEllie.Itwasamomentofgenuineconnection,takingtheusualcustomeremployeerelationshiptoadifferentlevel.Ellie’s_____33_____toEdwinwasmorethanjustakindgesture;itwasalifeline.Fromthat_____34_____Christmasdinner,abeautifulfriendshipdeveloped.EllieandEdwinbeganmeetingregularlyforcoffee,sharingstoriesandenjoyingeachother’s_____35_____.Theirrelationship,whichstartedwithcasualconversationsinagrocerystore,hadgrownintoameaningfulfriendship.21.A.suspicious B.friendly C.changeable D.odd22.A.anticipated B.assessed C.required D.consulted23.A.lengthy B.pointless C.routine D.secret24.A.agent B.candidate C.donor D.customer25.A.revealing B.securing C.doubting D.predicting26.A.pressure B.discovery C.signature D.trick27.A.block B.express C.bear D.push28.A.abroad B.fortably C.noisily D.alone29.A.determined B.agreed C.begged D.hesitated30.A.adventure B.phase C.start D.experience31.A.mission B.act C.style D.plot32.A.calledout B.cheeredup C.showedup D.settleddown33.A.solution B.invitation C.approach D.contribution34.A.quick B.annual C.memorable D.farewell35.A.challenge B.forgiveness C.recognition D.pany【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.D31.B32.C33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了從雜貨店里的隨意交談開始，艾莉和老顧客埃德溫·霍姆斯發(fā)展了一段有意義和持久的友誼。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：埃莉以友好的行為著稱，她喜歡每天和顧客聊天，但從未預料到這些互動會對她的生活產生如此深遠的影響。A.suspicious懷疑的；B.friendly友好的；C.changeable可改變的；D.odd奇怪的。根據后文“Ellieenjoyedthedailychatwithcustomers”可知，喜歡和顧客聊天說明友好。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：埃莉以友好的行為著稱，她喜歡每天和顧客聊天，但從未預料到這些互動會對她的生活產生如此深遠的影響。A.anticipated預期；B.assessed評估；C.required要求；D.consulted咨詢。根據后文“howdeeplytheseinteractionscouldimpactherlife”可知，互動是因為友好，她沒有預料到這些互動會對她的生活產生如此深遠的影響。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一次例行談話中，艾莉遇到了86歲的老顧客埃德溫·霍姆斯。A.lengthy漫長的；B.pointless毫無意義的；C.routine常規(guī)的；D.secret秘密的。根據上文“Ellieenjoyedthedailychatwithcustomers”可知，埃莉喜歡每天和顧客聊天，所以是例行的常規(guī)聊天。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在一次例行談話中，艾莉遇到了86歲的老顧客埃德溫·霍姆斯。A.agent代理人；B.candidate候選人；C.donor捐贈者；D.customer顧客。根據上文“Ellieenjoyedthedailychatwithcustomers”可知，埃德溫·霍姆斯是她的老顧客。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當埃德溫告訴艾莉他的孤獨時，他們的互動發(fā)生了變化，他透露沒有人可以和他一起過圣誕節(jié)。A.revealing揭露；B.se