第四講　形容詞副詞和比較等級(jí)

第四講形容詞、副詞和比較等級(jí)●高考感悟/練真題·悟技法·鎖定目標(biāo)●單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,________(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.2．[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto________(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftenetocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.3．[2023·北京卷]SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,Iwouldthrowahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup________(exact)ontime.4．[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]So,whataretheylearning?________(basic),howtodescribeapanda'slife.5．[2022·全國(guó)乙卷]AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.6．[2022·全國(guó)甲卷]Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore________(meaning).7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.8．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell________(sleep)whilewatchingTV.9．[2022·北京卷]That'sabigproblemanditisgettingeven________(bad).Theworldwon'tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.10．[2021·全國(guó)甲卷]Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir________(day)routines.●考點(diǎn)研析/破重點(diǎn)·析疑難·精準(zhǔn)清障●考點(diǎn)一形容詞和副詞的基本用法1.形容詞的基本用法(1)形容詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。AsfarasIknow,Chinesetraditionalculture,includingpaper-cutting,guzhengandsoon,hasitsuniquecharacteristics.據(jù)我所知，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，包括剪紙、古箏等，都有其獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)。Althoughitwasahardtimeandthingsweretightforeverybody,Bernard'sbusinessworkedoutquitewell.雖然那是一段艱難的時(shí)期，每個(gè)人的處境都很艱難，但伯納德的生意做得很好。(2)形容詞作狀語(yǔ)主要表示原因、結(jié)果或伴隨等，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。Flushedandbreathless,sheboundedinthroughthegate.她滿(mǎn)臉通紅氣喘吁吁地從大門(mén)口跑了進(jìn)來(lái)。【名師指津】以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，常見(jiàn)的：friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly,deadly等。2．副詞的基本用法(1)副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)其他副詞或修飾整個(gè)句子，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等。①Landingonthemoon'sfarsideisextremelychallenging.登陸月球的背面是極其有挑戰(zhàn)性的。②Besides,wecanabsorballkindsofresourcestolearnmoreefficiently．此外，我們可以吸收各種資源來(lái)更有效地學(xué)習(xí)。③Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved,especiallyBernardwhofinallyfoundawaytomakemoneyforhisfamily.不用說(shuō)，他們都深受感動(dòng)，尤其是伯納德，他終于找到了賺錢(qián)養(yǎng)家的方法。(2)?？嫉倪B接性副詞：though“然而，可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期間”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，還有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“盡管，即使這樣”；otherwise“否則”。Theyoungmancouldn'taffordanewcar.Instead,heboughtausedone.那個(gè)年輕人買(mǎi)不起新車(chē)，便買(mǎi)了一輛二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides,I'dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.這個(gè)房子太貴、太大了，而且，我已經(jīng)越來(lái)越喜歡我們租的這間小屋了?！久麕熤附颉恳子缅e(cuò)的幾類(lèi)副詞(1)意義有別的同根副詞。如：free(免費(fèi)地)/freely(自由地),hard(努力地)/hardly(幾乎不),late(晚，遲)/lately(最近),most(很，最)/mostly(主要地),fair(公平地)/fairly(相當(dāng)?shù)?,near(臨近)/nearly(幾乎)等。(2)有些副詞有兩種形式：以-ly結(jié)尾時(shí)表示抽象意義；與形容詞同形的表示具體意義。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide寬地/widely廣泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply深深地。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris________(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwantingmorenexttime.2．[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.3．[2023·全國(guó)乙卷]However,insteadofthebrownishredhairshehadhopedfor,she________(final)gotpurplehair.4．[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableand________(confidence)speakingEnglish.5．[2022·浙江1月卷]OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,________(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.6．[2022·浙江6月卷]Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir________(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatofsightedpeople,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.7．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Whenhelookeddown,he________(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.8．[2024·安慶市模擬]Inthestudy,GBSwasusedtoprovidea________(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.考點(diǎn)二形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)1.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞單音節(jié)的詞一般在后面分別加-er、-esttall→taller→tallestquick→quicker→quickest以“輔音字母＋e”結(jié)尾的詞，在后面分別加-r、-stlate→later→latestpale→paler→palest以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞，將y改為i，再分別加-er、-estearly→earlier→earliestheavy→heavier→heaviest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，要雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再分別加-er、-estthin→thinner→thinnesthot→hotter→hottest其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的詞都在前面分別加more、mostcareful→morecareful→mostcareful【名師指津】有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)以及-ow,-er,-le結(jié)尾的詞，既可以分別加-er、-est，又可以分別加more、most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。?？嫉脑~：narrow,mon,clever,simple,quiet,stupid等。(2)不規(guī)則變化good/well→better→best;bad/ill→worse→worst;many/much→more→most;far→farther/further→farthest/furthest;little→less→least;old→older/elder→oldest/eldest2．比較等級(jí)的用法(1)同級(jí)比較①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一樣”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一樣”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour,itisasweleinconversationasanywhereelse.因?yàn)槿藗兿矚g幽默，所以在談話中或其他任何地方它都是受歡迎的。②當(dāng)as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時(shí)，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：as＋形容詞原級(jí)＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋as...as＋much＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as...I'mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天對(duì)房間進(jìn)行了大掃除之后我很累，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有過(guò)比今天更累的一天了。(2)比較級(jí)“形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)＋than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更……”?！發(fā)ess＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋than”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。【名師指津】修飾比較等級(jí)的副詞：much,even,still,far,yet,alittle,alot,abit,rather,any等。more,very等副詞不可修飾比較級(jí)。(3)最高級(jí)①表示三者或三者以上的比較，常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)：“the＋最高級(jí)＋表示比較范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。Tomiscontentwiththewatch.Itisthebestgifthehasevergot.湯姆對(duì)這塊表很滿(mǎn)意。這是他得到的最好的禮物。②最高級(jí)的其他表達(dá)法否定詞＋比較級(jí)比較級(jí)＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋than＋alltheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋than＋anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋thananything/anyoneelseYourstoryisperfect.I'veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了，我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)過(guò)比這更好聽(tīng)的故事。TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的其他任何一條河都長(zhǎng)。【名師指津】有些詞本身就有最高級(jí)含義，不能再用最高級(jí)形式，常見(jiàn)的：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些詞本身有比較級(jí)含義，故不與than連用，如beseniorto等。(4)含有比較等級(jí)的特殊句型①the＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)，the＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)“越……，越……”②adj./adv.比較級(jí)＋and＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)“越來(lái)越……”③the＋adj.比較級(jí)＋ofthetwo＋名詞“某人或某物是兩者中較……的那個(gè)”④nomorethan“僅僅”，notmorethan“至多；不超過(guò)”⑤more...than...“與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……”⑥no＋比較級(jí)＋than“和……一樣不……”⑦not＋比較級(jí)＋than“不比……更……”⑧倍數(shù)句型Ais＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋BAis＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)＋as＋BAis＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size,length,height等)＋of＋BTheelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，電子廢棄物正以比傳統(tǒng)垃圾快三倍的速度增加。Moreandmorepeoplerealisetheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguagewell.越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)的重要性。即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．[2023·北京卷]Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven________(shy),soitwassurprisingI'dchattoanyonearoundme.2．[2022·全國(guó)甲卷]Inthelastfiveyears,Caohaswalkedthrough34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa's________(high)mountain.3．[2021·浙江1月卷]Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including________(low)levelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.4．[2021·全國(guó)甲卷]Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat________(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!5．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the________(hot)thespring!6．[2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷]Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫(huà)像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir________(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.●小試牛刀/夯基礎(chǔ)·提技能·高效備考●Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空[2024·遼寧省高三上學(xué)期期中試題]Evacuation(疏散)ordersfromIsrael'smilitaryhaveforcedhundredsofthousandsofpeople1.________(flee)southfromtheirhomesinnorthernGazasinceFriday,the2.________(large)waveofciviliandisplacement(離開(kāi)家園)inaweekofwaraccordingtotheUnitedNations,evenasothersrefusedtoleave,fearingthatescaperoutesaretoodangerous.Themainroadsrunningfromnorth3.________southwerecrowded.Insomeareastrafficcameto4.________stopwithtrucks,buses,overpackedcarsandpeopleonfootall5.________(crowd)ontothesamenarrowroadstoheadsouth.Butmany6.________(civilian),includinghospitalstaff,arerefusingtoleave.AhmedOkal,43,7.________livesinGazaCity'sZaitounneighborhood,saidhedidn'ttrustthatcivilianstravelingsouthwouldn'tbetargetedwithairstrikes(空襲).“Iam8.________(definite)afraidofstayinghere,9.________Iwillnotriskthelivesofmywifeandchildrenonthewaytothesouth，”hesaid,referringtoreportsthatsomeofthosefleeing10.________(kill)inanairstrike.Ⅱ.寫(xiě)作運(yùn)用完成下面短文，注意本部分語(yǔ)法的運(yùn)用。DearDavid，I'velearnedfromtheInternetthatyouwanttomakeaChinesefriendsoastolearntheChineselanguageandculture.1.________________________________________________________(我很高興你對(duì)中國(guó)有濃厚的興趣)andIwouldliketobeyourfriend.2．______________________________________________________________________________(我將盡可能經(jīng)常地給你寫(xiě)信介紹中國(guó)文化).WhenyouhaveanopportunitytoetoChina,I'llteachyouhowtospeakChineseand3.____________________________________________________________(帶你參觀一些著名的歷史名勝).4.________________________________________________________(無(wú)論如何，我將盡可能多地幫助你).Howdoyouthink?I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua第四講形容詞、副詞和比較等級(jí)高考感悟1．答案與解析：tasty考查形容詞。句意：小籠包(湯包)，那些精致的餃子皮，包裹著熱騰騰的美味湯和甜甜的鮮肉，是我最喜歡的中國(guó)街頭小吃。修飾后面的名詞soup(湯)應(yīng)用形容詞，故用tasty“美味的”作定語(yǔ)。2．答案與解析：visiting考查形容詞?？蘸笫敲~，所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語(yǔ)；visit對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞為visiting“來(lái)訪的”。3．答案與解析：exactly考查副詞。修飾介詞短語(yǔ)ontime應(yīng)用副詞exactly。4．答案與解析：Basically考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾空后整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)該用副詞修飾。5．答案與解析：largest考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識(shí)可知，中國(guó)是最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，所以用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。6．答案與解析：meaningful考查形容詞。此處是make復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用形容詞meaningful，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。7．答案與解析：eventually考查副詞。設(shè)空處后為動(dòng)詞achieve，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞eventually作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞achieve。8．答案與解析：asleep考查形容詞。句意：他們倆看電視的時(shí)候都睡著了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)形容詞作表語(yǔ)。sleep為動(dòng)詞，意為“睡覺(jué)”，其形容詞為asleep。fallasleep為固定搭配，意為“入睡的”，asleep符合句意。9．答案與解析：worse考查比較級(jí)。句意：這是個(gè)大問(wèn)題，而且越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。even“甚至”常置于比較級(jí)前，所以此處用worse。10．答案與解析：daily考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞routines應(yīng)用形容詞形式，dailyroutine為固定搭配，意為“日常生活”。考點(diǎn)研析考點(diǎn)一即學(xué)即練1．答案與解析：rarely考查副詞。修飾形容詞用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。2．答案與解析：Different考查形容詞。句意：與傳統(tǒng)寓言不同，卡森的故事以一種指責(zé)而不是道德結(jié)束。bedifferentfrom與……不同，所以用形容詞作狀語(yǔ)。3．答案與解析：finally考查副詞。此處修飾動(dòng)詞got，應(yīng)用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)。4．答案與解析：confident考查形容詞。空處和前文的fortable并列，作并列表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，confidence的形容詞形式是confident。5．答案與解析：roughly考查副詞。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞roughly“粗略地，大約”。6．答案與解析：existing考查形容詞。句意：哈佛大學(xué)科學(xué)家埃拉·斯特里姆阿米特(EllaStriemAmit)說(shuō)，盲人用他們現(xiàn)有的感官識(shí)別形狀，在某種程度上與正常人相似。形容詞existing作定語(yǔ)，修飾sense。7．答案與解析：accidentally考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)他往下看時(shí)，不小心滑了一跤，從懸崖邊上掉了下去。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)副詞修飾動(dòng)詞slipped。accidental為形容詞，意為“意外的，失誤的”，其副詞為accidentally，意為“意外地，失誤地”，符合句意。8．答案與解析：highly句意：在這項(xiàng)研究中，GBS被用來(lái)提供一種高效的方法來(lái)證明量子計(jì)算在解決一些任務(wù)時(shí)的加速。修飾后文形容詞efficient應(yīng)用副詞highly，表示程度高。考點(diǎn)二即學(xué)即練1．答案與解析：shyer考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)空前的even，空處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)。2．答案與解析：highest考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)空前Africa's可知，此處表示乞力馬扎羅山是非洲最高的山脈，應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。3．答案與解析：lower考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的“higher”“fewer”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填lower。4．答案與解析：better考查比較等級(jí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，且根據(jù)空后的than可知，空處應(yīng)用good的比較級(jí)。5．答案與解析：hotter考查比較等級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，氣溫越低，溫泉就越熱。本空所在句使用了“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越……越……”。故本空填hot的比較級(jí)hotter。6．答案與解析：finest考查最高級(jí)。句意：