考點22 閱讀理解記敘文（核心考點精講精練）高考英語一輪復習考點幫（新高考）（含答案解析）

考點22閱讀理解記敘文（核心考點精講精練）1.高考真題考點分布年份卷次主題語境字數(shù)題型分類細節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞義猜測2024年2024·新高考I卷人與社會：美國獸醫(yī)采用針灸技術(shù)治療動物296+12703102024·新高考II卷//////2024·全國甲卷//////2024·北京卷人與自我：作者重拾畫油畫的信心并接受了自身局限性354+9913002024·浙江卷1月卷人與社會：感受電話亭變遷3382023·新高考I卷人與自然：生態(tài)機器凈化污水340新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會：UrbanSprouts花園項目幫助學生通過體驗鄉(xiāng)村生活。273+1261212023·全國甲卷人與自然：DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能277全國乙卷人與社會：風景攝影師312北京卷人與自我：作者職業(yè)成功的經(jīng)歷350天津卷第二次人與自我：成為了社區(qū)管弦樂團的首席434+19831102023·浙江卷1月卷人與社會：在家庭中過零浪費的生活方式3502022·新高考I卷//////2022·新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會：孫子把兒童讀物當成平板電腦326全國甲卷人與社會：GinniBalinton往南極洲的旅程305+11821012022·全國乙卷//////2022·北京卷人與社會：參加保護自然活動治愈好了焦慮348+12431002022·天津卷人與自我：獲得自尊就要首先學會接受自己本來的面目410+18722102.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】縱觀近三年高考試卷，通常一套卷有一篇記敘文，設題主要集中在細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。所選的記敘文多以第一人稱或第三人稱為主，講述一個短小精悍、有教育意義的故事，有時也會選用生活中的軼聞趣事。所講述的故事題材豐富多樣、富有生活氣息，多按時間順序敘述，偶爾也會有倒敘或插敘的情形。從語言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點上看，英語記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點或過程。其特點是：主題往往隱藏在字里行間，沒有直接地表達出來；文章主旨要通過人物、事件來進行提煉；文章大多按時間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來展開。閱讀記敘文應采取略讀和掃讀的方法，快速抓住文中描寫的主要內(nèi)容，從整體上把握文章的連貫性，進而大體上揣測出作者的寫作意圖及文章的情感主線。從命題上看，記敘文閱讀理解以細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，以觀點態(tài)度題、寫作意圖題、詞義猜測題和代詞指代題為輔，難度總體上屬于中等程度。記敘文閱讀理解題要求考生能理清記敘的順序與所講故事的情節(jié)，能準確把握人物的情感態(tài)度和作者的寫作目的?！緜淇疾呗浴吭谧鲩喿x理解題時，首先要通讀全文，弄清六要素和記敘的順序，特別要注意文章中提到的多個時間、地點和人物，理清事件的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果；然后閱讀題干，在文章中查找相關的信息；最后根據(jù)查找到的相關信息作出正確的選擇。如果文中所涉及的人物較多，還要弄清人物之間的關系。一般故事性記敘文，通讀全文，了解故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、高潮和結(jié)局；寓言哲理類記敘文，要理解故事所蘊含的哲理意義，尤其關注故事結(jié)尾的升華；逸聞趣事，人物傳記類記敘文，要體會對話的風格，感受故事的精髓?！久}預測】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢來看，預測2025年高考記敘文閱讀理解試題難度會保持相對穩(wěn)定，但會繼續(xù)考查細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題主旨大意題和詞義猜測題等題型?！颈貍浠A知識】一、【題型解讀】記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，通常有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過程中，我們一直在某個線索的引導下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個故事或一件事情的始末，因此會感到比較輕松。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學生對細節(jié)的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應特別注意：若是一般故事性文章，應讀懂故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、高潮和結(jié)局；若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蘊含的哲理意義；（3）若是＂逸聞趣事＂，應體會對話的風趣性，進而才能感受幽默的精髓。（1）文體和結(jié)構(gòu)特點：英語記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點或過程。其特點是：主題往往隱藏在字里行間，沒有直接地表達出來；文章主旨要通過任務事件來提煉。文章大多數(shù)按照時間順序、空間順序、事情發(fā)展順序來展開。（2）閱讀策略：A.首先要通讀全文，弄清六要素和記敘的順序，特別要注意文章中所提到的多個事件、地點和人物，理清事件的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果；B.然后閱讀題干，在文章中查找相關的信息；C.最后根據(jù)查找到的相關信息做出正確的選擇。如果文中所涉及的人物較多，還要弄清人物之間的關系?！菊Z篇特點】內(nèi)容上，記敘文應該包括六要素，即：時間、地點、人物、起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果?？梢园词录l(fā)生的時間順序?qū)?，也可以按事件發(fā)生的先后寫。命題上，主要集中在多個事件的先后順序與人物的情感態(tài)度上。選材上，新穎、生動、真實、典型的素材描寫，讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺。形式上，順敘、倒敘、插敘。語言上，一般過去時為主，各種時態(tài)為輔，合理使用豐富多彩的謂語動詞時態(tài)是英語記敘文首要的語言特征；多用動詞，尤其是動態(tài)強的行為動詞是英語記敘文又一個明顯的語言特征。二、【寫作意圖】1.講述故事(tell/narrate/relateastory)2.分享經(jīng)驗(shareanexperience)3.紀念人物(rememberaperson)4.闡明道理(communicateanidea/conveyamessage)01記敘文中的細節(jié)理解題【題型解讀】常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；2.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；3.少數(shù)試題以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.eq\a\vs4\al([正確選項特征])1．同義替換。替換關鍵詞，如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork；變換詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變語態(tài)，如主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。2．信息歸納。用精練的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，設置為正確答案。3．正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。eq\a\vs4\al([干擾選項特征])1．張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。2．無中生有。符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。3．曲解文義。與原文極其相似，在細節(jié)處有變動。4．顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至相反。5．正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯誤?！窘忸}技巧】（1）劃出題干，選項關鍵詞；（2）回憶文章結(jié)構(gòu)，定位具體段落；（3）理解細節(jié)內(nèi)容，最后找出答案；注意：記敘文細節(jié)理解題正確選項的特征一定是：①核心詞，原詞復現(xiàn)/同義詞、近義詞替換；②語言簡化【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學，他建造了一個生態(tài)機器，利用自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學學習了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他對結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食物，開始吃起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來，約翰承擔了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態(tài)機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關系中，觀察會發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎是自然可以自我修復。故選A。（2024·安徽合肥·三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool,IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure(長期聘用),Ihadtobeproductive.However,whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals,aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless,andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.Weallgetrejectedatwork,whetherit’shavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.Itcausespain.Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學家)havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological(生理學的)responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.Apparently,thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn’thurt,youmighthavebeenperfectlycomfortableleavingyourtribe,whichwouldnotbegoodforyoursurvival.Butit’sleftusnervousandlikelytooverreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou’veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceinaroomfullofsmiles,youknowwhatImean.That’sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly.“Whenyou’reinsecureinone,yourelyontheotheronethat’sdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability(柔韌性)isthedefinitionofstrength,”saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer,pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat,butthatwasn’twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother,strongeridentity:Iwantedtobeateacher.However,Ihadn’thadthechance:Thefirsttwoyearsofmyprogramweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections,Ihadtofindawaytoteach.Iconvincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents,andIstartedmeetingwiththemweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers,whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.4．Whatwastheauthor’sreactiontotheleadingexpert’swords?A．Hetookhisadvice. B．Hefeltdiscouraged.C．Hepaidnoattention. D．Heconsultedanotherexpert.5．Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout?A．Rejectionreallyhurts.B．Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.C．Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.D．Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.6．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection?A．Findoutthereasonsbehindit.B．Forgivethosewhorejectus.C．Turntoourstrongeridentity.D．Learnalessonfrompastfailures.7．Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast?A．Heleftgraduateschool.B．Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.C．Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.D．Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.【答案】4．B5．A6．C7．D【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議，主要討論的是個人在面對學術(shù)和職業(yè)上的拒絕時如何調(diào)整心態(tài)和尋找新的機會。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals,aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless,andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.(然而，當我的前三篇論文被主要期刊拒絕時，一位權(quán)威專家告訴我，我的項目沒有希望了，我想知道我是否應該退學。)”可知，作者對權(quán)威專家的話的反應是感到灰心喪氣。故選B。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學家)havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological(生理學的)responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.(神經(jīng)科學家掃描了被殘忍地排除在網(wǎng)絡游戲之外的人的大腦。生理反應看起來與處理生理疼痛非常相似。)”可知，神經(jīng)學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了拒絕真的讓人感到疼痛。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer,pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.

Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat,butthatwasn’twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.

Ihadanother,strongeridentity:Iwantedtobeateacher.(在我的學術(shù)生涯早期，當我的作品被拒絕時，柔韌性成了我力量的源泉。我作為一名研究員的身份受到了威脅，但這并不是吸引我進入研究生院的首要原因。我有另一個更強烈的身份：我想成為一名教師。)”可知，面對拒絕，作者建議我們轉(zhuǎn)向我們更強大的身份。故選C。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers,whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.(與學生們的對話促成了我最初的兩篇主要論文，這使我在獲得終身教職方面有了一個良好的開端。)”可知，作者最后成功地完成了一些研究工作。故選D。02記敘文中的推理判斷題【題型解讀】記敘文中推理判斷題常常是人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點等推斷題隱含推斷題的題干一般為以下幾個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(表明，暗示)；suggest(建議)；conclude(得出結(jié)論)；assume(假定，設想)；imply(暗示)。隱含推斷題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息借助語境進行推理判斷，需要考生把握文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關系，才能得出準確的判斷，切忌主觀臆斷、無中生有或文章原句復現(xiàn)?！驹O問方式】1.Whatcanweinferfrom...?/Whatcanbeinferredabout...?2.Whatcanwelearnabout...?/Whatdoweknowabout...?3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?【解題技巧】高考閱讀測試中有些題目考查學生對文章作者的主導思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點等方面的理解。做這一類題時一定注意：（1）由表及里地準確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點代替作者的思想觀點。（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達感情，態(tài)度觀點的詞語。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。（3）能結(jié)合自己平時積累的有關英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風俗習慣等背景知識來識別評價?！?024新課標Ⅰ卷B篇片段】“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd.B.He’sstrict.C.He’sbrave.D.He’srude.【答案】24.A【導語】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯(WilliamFarber)博士在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫(yī)療應用于動物，并取得了初步成效?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.(如果他看起來有點自衛(wèi)，那可能是因為他的一些同事偶爾會嘲笑他不尋常的方法。)”可知，F(xiàn)arber的同事們有時會嘲笑他不尋常的方法，他們認為他很奇怪。故選A。Passage1（2024·湖南懷化·一模）DuetothefactthattheaveragelifeexpectancyinGhanais64yearsold,andthemostcommoncausesofdeatharelargelytreatableconditions,suchasmalaria,stroke,andrespiratoryinfections.Boateng,growingupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana/strugglingtoaccessbasichealthcare,feltanurgentcalltohelpanddecidedhewouldmakeithislife’smissiontobringhealthcaretoremotecommunitiesinGhana.Boatengworkedhardinschool,gettingascholarshiptostudybiologyatCornellUniversityintheUS,andultimatelyearnedhismaster’sinHealthcareAdministration.Laterhestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andconvertedavanintoamobiledoctor’sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVantobringhealthcaredirectlytothoseinneedin2021.Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovidefreeroutinemedicalcare.Oneachtrip,Boateng’steamconsistsofanurse,aphysician’sassistant,adoctor,andanoperationassistant.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkandurinalysisaswellasprescribeandprovidemedications.“It’slikeaone-stopshopforpeople,”saidBoateng,addingthatmostofthepeopletheyseehaveonehealthissueoranother.Sinceitslaunch,BoatengsaystheHopeHealthVanhasservedmorethan4,000Ghanaiansacrossmorethan45ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon’thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcare.Tosupplementthemobileclinic,Boateng’sorganizationhasalsotrained20volunteerstoserveaslocalhealthadvocates.Theycheckpeople’svitalsandprovidethemedicalteamwithtimelydataforassessinghowtomoveforwardwithcareandtreatment,especiallyforthosewhosehealthisatrisk.Inthefuture,Boatenghopestoexpandtoprovidemoreconsistentandhigh-qualitymedicalcarenotonlytothoselivinginremoteareasofGhanabutinothercountriesaswell.“Ibelievethatourmodelcanbereplicatedinsub-SaharanAfrica,”hesaid.4．WhatinspiredBoatengtosethislifegoal?A．Hewantedtogetascholarship.B．Manylocalsdiedofdeadlydiseases.C．Thebirthplaceofhimwassmallandpoor.D．Basichealthcarewasinaccessibleforlocals.5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．HowBoateng’steamfunctions. B．WhyBoateng’steamwasfounded.C．WhatBoateng’steamhasachieved. D．WhereBoateng’steamhastravelled.6．WhatisBoateng’sattitudetohisteaminthefuture?A．Ambiguous. B．Ambitious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AvanbringingmedicalcaretothousandsB．AcountrylackingbasichealthcareC．EffortstoprovidepeoplewithmedicationsD．MobilevanstravellingthroughGhana【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．A【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過敘述Boateng的個人故事，展示了他如何致力于改善加納偏遠地區(qū)的基本醫(yī)療保健服務，并期望將這種模式復制到其他國家。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Boateng,growingupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana/strugglingtoaccessbasichealthcare,feltanurgentcalltohelpanddecidedhewouldmakeithislife’smissiontobringhealthcaretoremotecommunitiesinGhana.(Boateng在加納南部的一個小村莊長大，很難獲得基本的醫(yī)療保健，他感到迫切需要幫助，并決定把為加納偏遠社區(qū)提供醫(yī)療保健作為自己的一生使命。)”可知，Boateng在加納南部的一個小村莊長大，很難獲得基本的醫(yī)療保健，因此感到迫切需要幫助，所以Boateng決定把為加納偏遠社區(qū)提供醫(yī)療保健作為自己的一生使命。故選D。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovidefreeroutinemedicalcare.Oneachtrip,Boateng’steamconsistsofanurse,aphysician’sassistant,adoctor,andanoperationassistant.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkandurinalysisaswellasprescribeandprovidemedications.“It’slikeaone-stopshopforpeople,”saidBoateng,addingthatmostofthepeopletheyseehaveonehealthissueoranother.(流動診所和醫(yī)療隊每周幾次長途跋涉前往加納的偏遠社區(qū)，提供免費的常規(guī)醫(yī)療服務。每次旅行，Boateng的團隊都由一名護士、一名醫(yī)師助理、一名醫(yī)生和一名手術(shù)助理組成。在這輛面包車里，他們可以進行血液檢查和尿液分析等基本實驗室，也可以開處方和提供藥物。Boateng說：“這對人們來說就像一站式商店。”他補充說，他們看到的大多數(shù)人都有這樣或那樣的健康問題。)”可知，第三段主要講述的Boateng團隊的運作方式，如行醫(yī)頻率、團隊組成和工作細則等。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inthefuture,Boatenghopestoexpandtoprovidemoreconsistentandhigh-qualitymedicalcarenotonlytothoselivinginremoteareasofGhanabutinothercountriesaswell.“Ibelievethatourmodelcanbereplicatedinsub-SaharanAfrica,”hesaid.(未來，Boateng希望擴大規(guī)模，不僅為生活在加納偏遠地區(qū)的人們，也為其他國家的人們提供更加穩(wěn)定和高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療服務?！拔蚁嘈盼覀兊哪Ｊ娇梢栽谌龉阅戏侵迯椭?，”他說。)”可知，Boateng希望未來不僅為生活在加納偏遠地區(qū)的人們，也為其他國家的人們提供更加穩(wěn)定和高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療服務。由此可知，Boateng表達了他對自己團隊的期望和愿景，他提到“我們有一個更大的愿景——將這種模式復制到非洲其他國家”。這表明他對團隊的未來持有雄心勃勃的態(tài)度，希望他們能夠在更廣泛的范圍內(nèi)取得成功和產(chǎn)生影響。故選B。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Boatengworkedhardinschool,gettingascholarshiptostudybiologyatCornellUniversityintheUS,andultimatelyearnedhismaster’sinHealthcareAdministration.Laterhestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andconvertedavanintoamobiledoctor’sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVantobringhealthcaredirectlytothoseinneedin2021.(Boateng在學校努力學習，獲得了美國康奈爾大學生物學專業(yè)的獎學金，并最終獲得了醫(yī)療管理碩士學位。后來，他創(chuàng)辦了自己的非營利組織OKB希望基金會，并將一輛面包車改裝成移動醫(yī)生辦公室，名為“HopeHealthVan”，于2021年直接為有需要的人提供醫(yī)療服務。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文本主要講述了Boateng通過他的非營利組織以及HopeHealthVan來改善加納偏遠社區(qū)的醫(yī)療保健服務的努力。這輛車直接為有需要的人提供醫(yī)療服務，為加納多個農(nóng)村社區(qū)的超過4000人提供服務。因此，選項A“Avanbringingmedicalcaretothousands(一輛為數(shù)千人帶來醫(yī)療服務的車)”準確地概括了文本的主要內(nèi)容和重點。故選A。03記敘文中的主旨大意題【題型解讀】主旨大意題既考查細節(jié)理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大。不僅考查考生略讀文章、領會大意的能力，也對考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關鍵詞、主干句進行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。命題方式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?What'sthefirst/second/thirdparagraphmainlyabout?What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph?【解題技巧】記敘文主旨概括題的破題方法：（1）首段法：首段主旨句；轉(zhuǎn)折詞后；破折號后（2）核心名詞法：核心名詞在文章中高頻出現(xiàn)。可是“原詞”或“同義詞”不斷曝光。（3）合并法：整合各段落大意，整合各段落首段信息（4）首位呼應法：整合首段和尾端信息【2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker. B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant. D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.5.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher. B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork. D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardens B.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D.ChangingLocalLandscape【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學生科學能力，環(huán)保意識以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項目，讓學生通過體驗鄉(xiāng)村生活，對學生影響深遠。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學校啟動了“UrbanSprouts”學校花園項目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是UrbanSprouts的發(fā)起者。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.(她說?！八麄儊碚椅覀儯J為蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆蟲也很可怕?！彪m然有些人一開始害怕昆蟲，對泥土感到厭煩，但大多數(shù)人都渴望嘗試新的東西。)”可知，項目之初，一些學生不喜歡園藝工作。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”(她補充說，該計劃的好處不僅僅是營養(yǎng)。有些學生對園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開始自己的菜園。此外，在花園里工作似乎對Jaramillo的特殊教育學生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問題?！八麄冏吡顺鋈?，”她說，“他們覺得成功?！?”可知，這個項目不僅給學生提供了有營養(yǎng)的食物，而且許多學生回家開創(chuàng)了自己的菜園，對有情緒控制問題的學生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用，從而推知，該項目的影響是深遠的。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.(起初是這樣的，艾比·哈拉米洛說，她和另一位老師在四所低收入學校啟動了“UrbanSprouts”學校花園項目。該項目旨在幫助學生培養(yǎng)科學技能、環(huán)保意識和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學生科學能力，環(huán)保意識以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項目，讓學生體驗鄉(xiāng)村生活，對學生影響深遠。因此推斷B項“體驗鄉(xiāng)村生活”符合文意，最適合作為本文標題。故選B。（2024·浙江嘉興·二模）Ihavealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草書).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn'treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI'djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A．”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I'mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.4．WhatdoweknowaboutthePalmerPenmanshipMethod?A．Itischaracterizedbybigflowinglines. B．Itisrarelyappreciatedbytraditionalists.C．Itwasnotallowedinstudents'homework. D．Itisviewedasatrendinhandwritingstyles.5．Whatweakenedthewriter’sbeliefincursive?A．Thepopularityofblocklettersinrecenttimes.B．Theyoungergeneration’sdisinterestincursive.C．Hisfriends’failuretocomprehendhispostcards.D．HisEnglishfriend'ssuggestiononpostcarddesign.6．Whydidthewriterswitchtoblocklettersforcommunication?A．Todeliverhismessageclearly. B．Toimprovehishandwritingskills.C．Towinpraisefromhisfriends. D．Toshowhispassionforcalligraphy.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thewideuseofcursive. B．Thesaddeclineofcursive.C．Thevalueofpreservingcursive. D．Thetechniqueofwritingincursive.【答案】4．A5．C6．A7．B【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從小學時對自己的草書書法感到自豪，到意識到現(xiàn)代趨勢使草書變得不那么實用和容易理解的歷程。盡管作者的朋友們很欣賞草書的美麗，但看不懂他們手寫的明信片，所以為了清晰起見，他決定改用印刷體。這一轉(zhuǎn)變象征著一個更廣泛的社會轉(zhuǎn)變，從手寫交流向打字交流轉(zhuǎn)變，顯示了傳統(tǒng)美感與實際易讀性之間的斗爭。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellas