湖北省騰云聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期8月聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省騰云聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期8月聯(lián)考英語試卷第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMyrtleBeachDolphinCruise(乘船游覽)&DolphinToursMyrtleBeachisoneofthemostbreathtakinglybeautifulplacestovisit,andthereisnobetterwaytohaveamemorabletimeintheareathanbytakingaMyrtleBeachDolphinTour.ReserveyourspotonthegorgeousNewInletPrincess,amagnificentvesselthatcreatessomeofthebestfuninMyrtleBeach!EmbarkuponthisMyrtleBeachdolphinsightseeingcruisetoexperiencethewondersofMurrellsInlet.Keepyoureyesopenforstunningdolphinsintheirnaturalhabitatsandotherwildlifeasyousailalongitswaters.ThisattractivetouristoppedoffwithamemorablesunsetforsomeofthebestfunthatMyrtleBeachhastooffer.AbouttheDolphinGuaranteeThisdolphincruiseistheONLYdolphincruisebackedbyVME’sguarantee.Ifyoudonotseedolphinsonyourcruise,pleasecontactusat1-800-987-9852forticketsforanotherdolphincruisetobetakenwithin7daysofthefirstcruise.Details:·UniqueOnlineOffer:Buy1Get1Free（Mustbookinadvanceonlineortoll-freeat1-800-987-9852）·AppropriateforAllAges·HandicapAccessible·RestaurantOn-site·KidFriendlyDolphinCruise-KidsLoveThisCruise!·Largeboatwithcoveredshadearea,air-conditionedencloseddeck,andlargeopensundeck.·TwoBathroomsOnBoard·WhattoBring:Camera/Phoneforgreatphotos,cashforshacksanddrinksavailableonboard.·Cruiselastsapproximately75minutes.1.Ifyoudon’tseedolphinsonyourcruise,whatcanyoudoinaweek?A.Getafullrefundfortheirtickets. B.Purchaseanothercruiseticketonline.C.Contactthemforanothercruiseticket. D.Complaintothelocaltourismauthority.2.Whatistheuniqueonlineofferforthisdolphincruise?A.Buy1get1freeforalltickets.B.50%offifreservingticketsinadvance.C.Buy1get1freeifbookingticketsonline.D.Freeticketsforallchildrenandthedisabled.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthedetails?A.Thepriceofthecruiseisveryhigh.B.Therearenotenoughsafetymeasuresontheboat.C.Thedolphincruiseisonlypopularamonglocalpeople.D.Thecruiseprovidescomfortableandenjoyableexperiences.〖答案〗1.C2.C3.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章通過描述MyrtleBeach的美景和DolphinCruise的優(yōu)點(diǎn)來吸引游客?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“AbouttheDolphinGuarantee”部分的“ThisdolphincruiseistheONLYdolphincruisebackedbyVME’sguarantee.Ifyoudonotseedolphinsonyourcruise,pleasecontactusat1-800-987-9852forticketsforanotherdolphincruisetobetakenwithin7daysofthefirstcruise.(這次海豚巡游是唯一由VME保證支持的海豚巡游。如果您在巡游中沒有看到海豚，請(qǐng)撥打1-800-987-9852聯(lián)系我們，我們將為您提供另一次海豚巡游的票務(wù)，以便在首次巡游后的7天內(nèi)參加)”可知，如果在游輪上沒有看到海豚，可以在一周內(nèi)聯(lián)系他們獲取另一張游輪票。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“Details”部分的“UniqueOnlineOffer:Buy1Get1Free（Mustbookinadvanceonlineortoll-freeat1-800-987-9852）(獨(dú)一無二的在線優(yōu)惠：買一送一（必須提前在線預(yù)訂或撥打免費(fèi)電話1-800-987-9852）)”可知，這個(gè)海豚游輪的獨(dú)特在線優(yōu)惠是在線預(yù)訂一張票，免費(fèi)獲得另一張票。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中“Details”部分的“Largeboatwithcoveredshadearea,air-conditionedencloseddeck,andlargeopensundeck.TwoBathroomsOnBoard(大船帶有遮蔭區(qū)，空調(diào)封閉甲板和大型露天日光浴甲板。船上有兩個(gè)衛(wèi)生間)”可知，這艘游輪有覆蓋的陰涼區(qū)域、空調(diào)封閉甲板和大型開放式陽光甲板，還有兩個(gè)衛(wèi)生間，可以推斷出游輪提供了舒適和愉快的體驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。BItwasverylateandeveryonehadleftthecaféexceptanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight.Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.Thetwowaitersinsidethecaféknewthattheoldmanwasalittledrunk,andwhilehewasagoodclienttheyknewthatifhebecametoodrunkhewouldleavewithoutpaying,sotheykeptwatchonhim.“Lastweekhetriedtocommitsuicide,”onewaitersaid.“Why?”“Hewasindespair.”“Whatabout?”“Nothing.”“Howdoyouknowitwasnothing?”“Hehasplentyofmoney.”Theysattogetheratatablethatwascloseagainstthewallnearthedoorofthecaféandlookedattheterrace(露臺(tái))wherethetableswereallemptyexceptwheretheoldmansatintheshadowoftheleavesofthetreethatmovedslightlyinthewind.“Theguardwillpickhimup,”onewaitersaid.“Whatdoesitmatterifhegetswhathe’safter?”“Hehadbettergetoffthestreetnow.Theguardwillgethim.Theywentbyfiveminutesago.”Theoldmansittingintheshadowtappedhissaucerwithhisglass.Theyoungerwaiterwentovertohim.“Whatdoyouwant?”Theoldmanlookedathim.“Anotherbrandy,”hesaid.“You’llbedrunk,”thewaitersaid.Theoldmanlookedathim.Thewaiterwentaway.“He’llstayallnight,”hesaidtohiscolleague.“I’msleepynow.Inevergetintobedbeforethreeo’clock.Heshouldhavekilledhimselflastweek.”Theyoungerwaitertookthebrandybottleandmarchedouttotheoldman’stable.“Youshouldhavekilledyourselflastweek,”hesaidtothedeafman.Theoldmanmotionedwithhisfinger.“Alittlemore,”hesaid.Thewaiterpouredonintotheglass.“Thankyou,”theoldmansaid.Thewaitertookthebottlebackinsidethecafé.Hesatdownatthetablewithhiscolleagueagain.4.Whathappenedtotheoldman?A.Hewasinpovertyanddespair. B.Hewascaughtinalcoholproblem.C.Hehadlosthopeandattemptedsuicide. D.Hewasabandonedbyhisfamily.5.Whydidtheyoungerwaiterwanttoclosethecaféearly?A.Hewantedtosleep. B.Hehadanappointment.C.Hedidn’tliketheoldman. D.Hethoughttheoldmanisdrunk.6.Whatistheyoungerwaiter’sattitudetowardstheoldman?A.Sympathetic. B.Impatient.C.Respectful. D.Moderate.7.Thewritingstyleinthisstoryischaracterizedby________.A.complexandambiguousplots B.spareandeconomicallanguageC.vividanddetaileddialogue D.frequentuseofsimiles〖答案〗4.C5.A6.B7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章節(jié)選自海明威的短篇小說AClean,Well-lightedPlace（《一個(gè)干凈明亮的地方》），故事圍繞一個(gè)孤獨(dú)但富有的老人展開，咖啡店的兩位侍者對(duì)他的行為好奇而困惑，談?wù)撝噲D自殺的事情?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Lastweekhetriedtocommitsuicide,”onewaitersaid.(“上周他試圖自殺，”一名服務(wù)員說。)”和第四段““Hewasindespair.”(“他很絕望?！?”可知，老人失去了希望，企圖自殺。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中這位年輕服務(wù)員所說的話“I’msleepynow.Inevergetintobedbeforethreeo’clock.(我現(xiàn)在困了。三點(diǎn)之前我從來沒有睡過覺。)”可知，年輕侍者想早點(diǎn)打烊是因?yàn)樗胨X。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中和最后一段中這位年輕侍者所說的話“Heshouldhavekilledhimselflastweek.(他上周就該殺了自己)”、“Youshouldhavekilledyourselflastweek(你上周就該殺了自己)”可知，年輕侍者兩次提到希望老人自殺成功。由此可知，他對(duì)老人的態(tài)度是不耐煩的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，比如第一段中“Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.(白天，街上滿是灰塵，但到了晚上，露水把灰塵沉淀下來，老人喜歡坐到很晚，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)聾人，現(xiàn)在晚上很安靜，他感到了不同)”、第二至八段的簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話可知，文章多使用簡(jiǎn)單直接的句子，對(duì)話直截了當(dāng)，很少描述細(xì)節(jié)，敘事集中在人物的行為和對(duì)話上，沒有過多的描述和修飾。因此，這個(gè)故事的寫作風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)是語言簡(jiǎn)潔。A.復(fù)雜而模糊的情節(jié)；B.簡(jiǎn)潔的語言；C.生動(dòng)詳細(xì)的對(duì)話；D.經(jīng)常使用明喻。故選B項(xiàng)。CChildrenwhowerebehindintheirdevelopmentatage4-5werealmostthreetimesaslikelytohavebeenoutofeducation,employment,ortrainingatage16-17,analysisofpupildatahasfound.4-5-ycar-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile,andthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”.ThenewstudyinthejournalBMCPublicHealthhasfoundasignificantgapinNotinEducation,EmploymentorTraining（NEET）outcomesbetweenthosewhowerereadyandunreadyforprimaryschool.Theresearchdrewondatafrommorethan8,000BradfordyoungpeoplewhoserecordsarelinkedaspartoftheConnectedBradfordproject.Theresearchfoundthat11%ofchildrenwhowerenotschoolreadywentontobeNEETat16-17,comparedtojust4%ofchildrenwhowereschoolready.LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.”Theresearchteam,whichalsoincludedacademicsfromLancasterUniversityandtheBradfordInstituteforHealthResearch,saythisshowsaclearneedforearlyinterventionbyschoolstoreducedisadvantageinlaterlife.ThisechoesthemessagefromaseriesofN8ChildoftheNorthandCentreforYoungLivesreportsontheneedtoputchildrenandyoungpeoplefirst.SeniorauthorDrAmyAtkinson,LecturerintheDepartmentofPsychologyatLancasterUniversitysaid:“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.”8.WhatdoestheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileprobablydo?A.Recordemploymentstatus. B.Monitorteenagers’progress.C.Evaluateprimaryschoolstudents. D.Assess4-5-year-olds’development.9.WhatdoesDrMatthewimplyaboutthecurrentsituationofschools?A.Theylackdataforearlyintervention. B.Theylackdatatoidentifyat-riskstudents.C.Earlyinterventionisrequired. D.Earlyinterventionhavebeendone.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthedataaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.ItisrarelyusedinEngland. B.ItisnotenoughforidentifyingNEETyouth.C.ItisusedeffectivelyfortheNEETissue. D.ItcansolvetheissueofNEETyouth.11.Thepassageisstructuredinthefollowingway.A.Introducingatopic-Describingrelatedstudies-MakingsuggestionsB.Makingaclaim-Providingevidence-DrawingaconclusionC.Presentingaproblem-Analyzingthecauses-OfferingsolutionsD.Raisingaquestion-Discussingdifferentopinions-Reachinganagreement〖答案〗8.D9.C10.D11.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要討論了兒童早期發(fā)展階段評(píng)估與其青少年時(shí)期是否處于“不在教育、就業(yè)或培訓(xùn)”狀態(tài)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在4-5歲時(shí)未達(dá)到良好發(fā)展水平的孩子，在16-17歲時(shí)成為NEET的可能性要高得多。該研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了早期干預(yù)的重要性?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“4-5-year-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile,andthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”(英格蘭的4-5歲的孩子通過早期基礎(chǔ)階段檔案進(jìn)行評(píng)估，那些達(dá)到“良好發(fā)展水平”的孩子被認(rèn)為是“準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)”的)”可知，EarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile是用來評(píng)估4-5歲兒童的發(fā)展水平。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.(主要作者利茲大學(xué)心理學(xué)院的研究員馬修·沃伯頓博士說：“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)告訴我們，對(duì)于兒童和年輕人來說，在青春期后期面臨不利因素有明確的早期指標(biāo)。由于學(xué)校常規(guī)收集這些數(shù)據(jù)，這項(xiàng)研究可以用來基于小學(xué)入學(xué)準(zhǔn)備啟動(dòng)學(xué)校的早期干預(yù)。”)”可以推斷出DrMatthew認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該實(shí)施早期干預(yù)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.(英格蘭數(shù)百萬兒童和年輕人的早期基礎(chǔ)階段檔案的數(shù)據(jù)很容易獲得。這些信息可以也應(yīng)該用來識(shí)別成為NEET風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高的學(xué)生)”可以得知，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以解決NEET問題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Childrenwhowerebehindintheirdevelopmentatage4-5werealmostthreetimesaslikelytohavebeenoutofeducation,employment,ortrainingatage16-17,analysisofpupildatahasfound(在4-5歲時(shí)發(fā)展落后的兒童，到了16-17歲時(shí)，幾乎有三倍的可能性處于無教育、無就業(yè)或無培訓(xùn)的狀態(tài)，對(duì)小學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn))”、第二段“4-5-year-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile,andthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”(英格蘭的4-5歲的孩子通過早期基礎(chǔ)階段檔案進(jìn)行評(píng)估，那些達(dá)到“良好發(fā)展水平”的孩子被認(rèn)為是“準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)”的)”、第四段“LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.(主要作者利茲大學(xué)心理學(xué)院的研究員馬修·沃伯頓博士說：“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)告訴我們，對(duì)于兒童和年輕人來說，在青春期后期面臨不利因素有明確的早期指標(biāo)。由于學(xué)校常規(guī)收集這些數(shù)據(jù)，這項(xiàng)研究可以用來基于小學(xué)入學(xué)準(zhǔn)備啟動(dòng)學(xué)校的早期干預(yù)?！?”以及最后一段“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.(英格蘭數(shù)百萬兒童和年輕人的早期基礎(chǔ)階段檔案的數(shù)據(jù)很容易獲得。這些信息可以也應(yīng)該用來識(shí)別成為NEET風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高的學(xué)生)”可知，文章首先介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)（即兒童早期發(fā)展?fàn)顩r與后來是否成為NEET之間的關(guān)聯(lián)），然后描述了相關(guān)研究的細(xì)節(jié)，最后提出建議（即利用現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行早期干預(yù)）。因此，選項(xiàng)A“Introducingatopic-Describingrelatedstudies-Makingsuggestions(引入話題-描述相關(guān)研究-提出建議)”符合文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A項(xiàng)。DResearcherssaythey’veusedcutting-edgegravitationalwaveresearchtocastnewlightonamystery—a2000-year-oldcomputer,theAntikytheramechanismfoundinshipwreck.Welloveracenturyafteritsdiscovery,researchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves—ripplesinspacetimecausedbymajoreventsintheuniversesuchastwoblackholescombining—tosuggestthattheAntikytheramechanismwaslikelyusedtotracktheGreeklunaryear.Inshort,it’safascinatingcollisionbetweenmodern-dayscienceandthemysteriesofanancientartifact.Ina2021paper,researchersfoundthatpreviouslydiscoveredandregularlyspacedholesina“calendarring”weremarkedtodescribethe“motionsofthesun,moon,andallfiveplanetsknowninancientGreeksandhowtheyweredisplayedatthefrontasanancientGreekuniverse.”Now,inanewstudypublishedintheOfficialJournaloftheBritishHorologicalInstitute,UniversityofGlasgowgravitationalwaveresearcherGrahamWoanandresearchassociateJosephBayleysuggestthattheringwaslikelyperforated(打孔)with354holes,whichhappenstobethenumberofdaysinalunaryear.Theteamusedstatisticalmodelsderivedfromgravitationalwaveresearch,alarge-scalephysicsexperimentdesignedtomeasureripplesinspacetimemillionsoflight-yearsfromEarthandBayesiananalysis,atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata,tocalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanismusingthepositionsofthesurvivingholesandtheplacementofthering’ssurvivingsixfragments.Surprisingly,theinspirationforthestudycamefromaYouTuberChrisBudiselic,whohasbeenattemptingtophysicallyrecreatetheancientmechanismandinvestigatingwaystodeterminejusthowmanyholesitcontained.“It’saneatsymmetrythatwe’veadaptedtechniquesweusetostudytheuniversetodaytounderstandmoreaboutamechanismthathelpedpeoplekeeptrackoftheheavensnearlytwomillenniaago,”Woansaid.“WehopethatourfindingsabouttheAntikytheramechanism,althoughlesssupernaturallyspectacularthanthosemadebyIndianaJones,willhelpdeepenourunderstandingofhowthisremarkabledevicewasmadeandusedbytheGreeks,”Woansadded.12.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofthestatisticalmodelingtechniques?A.TostudytheAntikytheramechanism. B.Toinvestigateancientartifacts.C.TotracktheGreeklunaryear. D.Toanalyzegravitationalwaves.13.Howdidtheresearcherscalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanism?A.ByusingstatisticalmodelsandBayesiananalysis.B.Byobservingthemechanismdirectly.C.ByaskingYouTuberChrisBudiselic.D.Byobservingthephysicalrecreationofthemechanism.14.Theunderlinedterm“Bayesiananalysis”inparagraph4refertoatechnique.A.torecreateanancientmechanism.B.tomeasureripplesinspacetime.C.tocalculateuncertaintybasedoninsufficientdata.D.tocalculatethepositionsofthesurvivingholes.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Modernsciencewasideallycombinedwithanancientartifact.B.TheAntikytheramechanismwasdiscoveredinashipwreck.C.ThemysteryoftheAntikytheramechanismremainsunsolved.D.GravitationalwaveresearchrevealedtheAntikytheramechanismt.〖答案〗12.D13.A14.C15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了研究人員利用引力波研究中的統(tǒng)計(jì)建模技術(shù)來研究古老的安提基特拉機(jī)械?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves(格拉斯哥大學(xué)的研究人員表示，他們使用了統(tǒng)計(jì)建模技術(shù)，該技術(shù)最初是為分析引力波而設(shè)計(jì)的)”可知，統(tǒng)計(jì)建模技術(shù)的最初目的是分析引力波，故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theteamusedstatisticalmodelsderivedfromgravitationalwaveresearch...andBayesiananalysis...tocalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanism(該團(tuán)隊(duì)使用了源自引力波研究的統(tǒng)計(jì)模型和貝葉斯分析來計(jì)算該機(jī)械中可能的孔洞數(shù)量)”可知，研究人員通過使用統(tǒng)計(jì)模型和貝葉斯分析來計(jì)算機(jī)械中可能的孔洞數(shù)量，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第四段劃線詞后句子“atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata(一種基于不完整數(shù)據(jù)使用概率來量化不確定性的技術(shù))”可知，“Bayesiananalysis”指的是一種基于不充分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)計(jì)算不確定性的技術(shù)，故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Researcherssaythey’veusedcutting-edgegravitationalwaveresearchtocastnewlightonamysterya2000-year-oldcomputer,theAntikytheramechanismfoundinshipwreck.(研究人員表示，他們利用尖端的引力波研究為一個(gè)謎團(tuán)——在沉船中發(fā)現(xiàn)的有2000年歷史的計(jì)算機(jī)，即安提基特拉機(jī)械——揭開了新的篇章。)”、第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves(格拉斯哥大學(xué)的研究人員表示，他們使用了統(tǒng)計(jì)建模技術(shù)，該技術(shù)最初是為分析引力波而設(shè)計(jì)的)”、第四段“Bayesiananalysis,atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata(貝葉斯分析，一種基于不完整數(shù)據(jù)使用概率來量化不確定性的技術(shù))”以及最后一段““WehopethatourfindingsabouttheAntikytheramechanism,althoughlesssupernaturallyspectacularthanthosemadebyIndianaJones,willhelpdeepenourunderstandingofhowthisremarkabledevicewasmadeandusedbytheGreeks,”Woansadded.(“我們希望我們對(duì)安提基特拉機(jī)械的發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然不像印第安納·瓊斯的發(fā)現(xiàn)那樣超自然壯觀，但能幫助我們加深對(duì)這一非凡設(shè)備如何被希臘人制造和使用的理解?！盬oan補(bǔ)充說。)”可知，文章開篇介紹了研究人員利用引力波研究來研究古老的安提基特拉機(jī)械，接著具體說明了研究過程和方法，所以文章的主要內(nèi)容是引力波研究揭示了安提基特拉機(jī)械原理，故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。LookbackafewhundredyearsandchillieswerenowheretobefoundinChina.UnlikeSichuanpeppers,whicharenativetotheregionandwidelyused,chillieswerebroughttoChinafromtheAmericasbyPortugueseandDutchexplorersonlyinthe16thcentury.16Foratleast50years,theyweregrownasdecorativeplants,prizedfortheircheerfullybrightcolourandtinywhiteflowers,andoccasionallyusedasmedicinalherbs.DuringChina’slastimperialperiod,peasantsinGuizhouprovincestartedusingthemasasaltalternative.17ThepeppersteadilyspreadtootherruralregionsofChina.18Foralongtime,“l(fā)a”wasusedtodescribevicious-natured(性情惡毒的)people,andthefewpeoplewhoenjoyedchilliesdidnotboosttheirtaste.ButtheCommunistrevolutionchangedthat.Thechefsofnobleswereoutoffavour,andtheirtraditionsdiscontinued.19Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.20Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.A.Atfirst,nobodyatechillies.B.However,chillieswererarelygrowninitially.C.Fromthere,anewflavourwasunlocked.D.Andthen,chilliesgainedagreatpopularity.E.Fromthenon,chilliesbecameasymbolofworkingclass.F.However,thestrongflavorbarreditfromgettingnearthetablesofupper-classfamilies.G.Millionsofmigrantspouredintobigcities,bringingwiththemthespicyflavoursofhome.〖答案〗16.A17.C18.F19.E20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了辣椒在中國(guó)的歷史和發(fā)展。辣椒最初是從美洲傳入中國(guó)的，起初只是作為觀賞植物和草藥，后來逐漸被用作調(diào)味品，并在中國(guó)各地廣泛傳播?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Foratleast50years,theyweregrownasdecorativeplants,prizedfortheircheerfullybrightcolourandtinywhiteflowers,andoccasionallyusedasmedicinalherbs.(至少有50年的時(shí)間，辣椒被當(dāng)作觀賞植物種植，因其鮮艷的顏色和小白花而受到珍視，偶爾也被用作草藥。)”可知，辣椒最初并不是作為食物被食用的，而是作為觀賞植物和草藥，這與A項(xiàng)“Atfirst,nobodyatechillies.(起初，沒有人吃辣椒。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選A項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“DuringChina’slastimperialperiod,peasantsinGuizhouprovincestartedusingthemasasaltalternative.(在中國(guó)最后一個(gè)帝國(guó)時(shí)期，貴州省的農(nóng)民開始將辣椒作為鹽的替代品。)”可知，辣椒開始被用作調(diào)味品，這與C項(xiàng)“Fromthere,anewflavourwasunlocked.(自此，一種新的味道被解鎖。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Foralongtime,“l(fā)a”wasusedtodescribevicious-naturedpeople,andthefewpeoplewhoenjoyedchilliesdidnotboosttheirtaste.(很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，“辣”被用來形容性情惡毒的人，而那些喜歡辣椒的人并沒有提升他們的口味。)”可知，因?yàn)椤袄薄北挥脕硇稳菪郧閻憾镜娜?，可推理出辣椒在上層階級(jí)的餐桌上并不受歡迎，這與F項(xiàng)“However,thestrongflavorbarreditfromgettingnearthetablesofupper-classfamilies.(然而，濃烈的味道使它無法接近上層家庭的餐桌。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.(革命后的工業(yè)化創(chuàng)造了人類歷史上最大規(guī)模的遷移。)”以及“Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.(辣椒現(xiàn)在被融入街頭小吃、美食和零食中，在那些幾乎沒有辣味傳統(tǒng)的地區(qū)也是如此。)”可知，越來越多地普通民眾接觸到了辣椒，這與E項(xiàng)“Fromthenon,chilliesbecameasymbolofworkingclass.(從那時(shí)起，辣椒成為了工人階級(jí)的象征。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.(革命后的工業(yè)化創(chuàng)造了人類歷史上最大規(guī)模的遷移。)”以及下文“Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.(辣椒現(xiàn)在被融入街頭小吃、美食和零食中，在那些幾乎沒有辣味傳統(tǒng)的地區(qū)也是如此。)”可知，大量移民涌入大城市，帶來了家鄉(xiāng)的辛辣口味，這與G項(xiàng)“Millionsofmigrantspouredintobigcities,bringingwiththemthespicyflavoursofhome.(數(shù)百萬移民涌入大城市，帶來了家鄉(xiāng)的辛辣口味。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。GrowingupinpovertyinruralKenya,NellyCheboiwatchedhersinglemotherworktirelesslysoshecouldattendschool.Fromanearlyage,sherealizedthatherfamily,alongwithotherslikehersintheirvillage,was21acyclethatleftthemlittlehope.Cheboiattendedcollege.22ascholarshipintheUnitedStates,workedoddjobstosupportherfamily,anddiscoveredher23forcomputerscience.She24thesuccessinfindingjobstohercomputerliteracy.Sheknewshewantedtoshareitwithher25backhome.Today,she’sgiving4,000kidsthechancefora26futurethroughhernonprofit,TechLitAfrica.Theorganizationusesrecycled27tocreatetechnologylabsinschoolsinruralKenya.In2018,shebegan28recycledcomputers.Shestartedsmall,carryingthemachinestoKenyaand29customsfeesandtaxesherself.TechLitAfricanowworkswithshippingcompaniesto30thedonatedcomputerssoit’smorecost31.Thedonatedhardwareis32topartnerschoolsinruralKenya,wherestudentsaged4to12receivedailyclassesand33opportunitiesfromprofessionalsandgainskillsthatwillhelpimprovetheireducationandpreparethemforfuturejobs.“MyhopeisthatwhenthefirstTechLitkidsgraduatefromhighschool,they’reabletogetajobonline34theywillknowhowtocode,”Cheboisaid.“Theworldisyouroysterwhenyouareeducated.Bybringingtheresources,bybringingtheseskills,weare35theworldtothem.”21.A.stuckin B.appliedto C.strickenby D.prohibitedfrom22.A.beyond B.on C.against D.for23.A.appreciation B.inspiration C.passion D.attraction24.A.praised B.credited C.strengthened D.admitted25.A.family B.friends C.colleagues D.community26.A.challenging B.transforming C.brighter D.nearer27.A.computers B.textbooks C.materials D.wastes28.A.programming B.studying C.purchasing D.accepting29.A.cutting B.handling C.collecting D.charging30.A.transplant B.translate C.transport D.transform31.A.efficient B.rewarding C.accessible D.reliable32.A.attached B.committed C.contributed D.distributed33.A.rare B.frequent C.unique D.equal34.A.because B.before C.unless D.though35.A.integratinginto B.turningon C.openingup D.adaptingto〖答案〗21.A22.B23.C24.B25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了尼莉·切博伊通過她的非營(yíng)利組織TechLitAfrica為肯尼亞農(nóng)村的孩子們創(chuàng)造更加美好的未來?！?1題詳析】句意：從小她意識(shí)到她的家庭和村里其他家庭陷入了一個(gè)讓他們沒有什么希望的惡性循環(huán)。stuckin困于；appliedto適用于；strickenby受……打擊；prohibitedfrom被禁止……。根據(jù)后文的“thatleftthemlittlehope”可知，他們沒有什么希望，即他們受困于這個(gè)貧窮的惡性循環(huán)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】句意：Cheboi依靠獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金在美國(guó)讀大學(xué)，打零工養(yǎng)家，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的熱情。beyond超出；on在……上；against反對(duì)；for為了。根據(jù)前文的“GrowingupinpovertyinruralKenya,NellyCheboiwatchedhersinglemotherworktirelesslysoshecouldattendschool.”可知，在肯尼亞農(nóng)村的貧困中長(zhǎng)大，NellyCheboi看著她的單身母親辛勤工作以便她能上學(xué)，因此她需要打零工和依靠獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金才能上大學(xué)，onscholarship：依靠獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】句意：Cheboi通過獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金在美國(guó)讀大學(xué)，打工來支持家人，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的熱情。appreciation欣賞；inspiration靈感；passion熱情；attraction吸引。根據(jù)“findingjobstohercomputerliteracy”可知，她將找到工作歸因于她的計(jì)算機(jī)技能，因此在上學(xué)期間她對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了熱情。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】句意：她將成功找到工作歸因于她的計(jì)算機(jī)技能。praise贊揚(yáng)；credit歸因于；strengthen加強(qiáng)；admit承認(rèn)。根據(jù)前文的“discoveredher...forcomputerscience”可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)有熱情，因此她將找到工作歸因于她的計(jì)算機(jī)技能，credit...to...：把……歸因于……。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】句意：她知道自己想在回國(guó)后與社區(qū)的人們分享這種技能。family家人；friend朋友；colleague同事；community社區(qū)。根據(jù)前文的“Fromanearlyage,sherealizedthatherfamily,alongwithotherslikehersintheirvillage,wasacyclethatleftthemlittlehope.”可知，從小她意識(shí)到她的家庭和村里其他家庭陷入了一個(gè)讓他們沒有什么希望的惡性循環(huán)，因此她想幫助社區(qū)的人們走出困境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】句意：今天，她通過非營(yíng)利組織TechLitAfrica為4000個(gè)孩子創(chuàng)造了更加光明的未來機(jī)會(huì)。challenging有挑戰(zhàn)的；transforming轉(zhuǎn)變的；brighter更加明亮的；nearer更近的。根據(jù)前文的“Sheknewshewantedtoshareitwithherbackhome.”可知，她回國(guó)后與社區(qū)分的人們分享這種技能，這會(huì)給孩子們帶去一個(gè)光明的未來，走出貧困。故選C項(xiàng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】句意：這個(gè)組織利用回收的計(jì)算機(jī)在肯尼亞農(nóng)村學(xué)校創(chuàng)建技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。computer計(jì)算機(jī)；textbook教科書；material材料；waste廢物。根據(jù)下文的“recycledcomputers”可知，這個(gè)組織利用回收的計(jì)算機(jī)來創(chuàng)建技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，computers是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】句意：2018年，她開始接收回收的電腦。programme編程；study學(xué)習(xí)；purchase購(gòu)買；accept接受、接收。根據(jù)“Shestartedsmall,carryingthemachinestoKenya”可知，她開始少量地接收回收的二手電腦，將它們帶到肯尼亞。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】句意：她從小做起，把機(jī)器裝在托運(yùn)行李里運(yùn)到肯尼亞，自己處理海關(guān)費(fèi)用和稅款。cut切割；handle處理；collect收集；charge充電。根據(jù)“customsfeesandtaxesherself”可知，她親自處理海關(guān)費(fèi)用和稅款。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】句意：TechLitAfrica現(xiàn)在與船運(yùn)公司合作運(yùn)輸捐贈(zèng)的電腦，提高捐贈(zèng)電腦的效率，因此更具成本效益。transplant移植；translate翻譯；transport運(yùn)輸；transform轉(zhuǎn)化。根據(jù)前文的“shippingcompanies”可知，運(yùn)輸公司要對(duì)電腦進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸，送到肯尼亞。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】句意：TechLitAfrica現(xiàn)在與船運(yùn)公司合作運(yùn)輸捐贈(zèng)的電腦，因此更具成本效益。efficient高效的；rewarding有回報(bào)的；accessible可獲得的；reliable可靠的。根據(jù)前文的“TechLitAfricanowworkswithshippingcompaniesto...thedonatedcomputers”可知，TechLitAfrica與航運(yùn)公司合作運(yùn)輸捐贈(zèng)的電腦是為了降低成本。morecostefficient更具成本效益，故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】句意：捐贈(zèng)的硬件被分發(fā)給肯尼亞農(nóng)村的合作學(xué)校，在那里，4至12歲的學(xué)生每天接受課程，并經(jīng)常有機(jī)會(huì)向?qū)I(yè)人士學(xué)習(xí)，獲得技能，這將有助于提高他們的教育水平，為未來的工作做好準(zhǔn)備。attach附加；commit承諾；contribute貢獻(xiàn)；distribute分發(fā)。根據(jù)“partnerschoolsinruralKenya,wherestudentsaged4to12receivedailyclasses”可知，合作學(xué)校4至12歲的學(xué)生每天接受課程，說明電腦被分發(fā)到了各個(gè)合作學(xué)校。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】句意：捐贈(zèng)的硬件被分發(fā)給肯尼亞農(nóng)村的合作學(xué)校，在那里，4至12歲的學(xué)生每天接受課程，并經(jīng)常有機(jī)會(huì)向?qū)I(yè)人士學(xué)習(xí)，獲得技能，這將有助于提高他們的教育水平，為未來的工作做好準(zhǔn)備。rare罕見的；frequent頻繁的；unique獨(dú)一無二的；equal同等的。根據(jù)“receivedailyclassesand”可知，這是孩子們頻繁的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】句意：Cheboi說，“我的希望是，當(dāng)?shù)谝慌鶷echLit的孩子高中畢業(yè)時(shí)，他們能夠在網(wǎng)上找到工作，因?yàn)樗麄冎廊绾尉幊獭?。because因?yàn)?；before在……之前；unless除非；although雖然。根據(jù)“they’reabletogetajobonlinetheywillknowhowtocode,”可知，“他們能夠在線找到工作”與“學(xué)會(huì)如何編程”之間為因果關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】句意：通過帶來這些資源和技能，我們正在向這些孩子打開世界的大門。integrateinto融入；turnon調(diào)高；openup開放，打開；adaptto適應(yīng)。根據(jù)前文的“Bybringingtheresources,bybringingtheseskills”可