設(shè)計(jì)模式精髓-《大話設(shè)計(jì)模式》讀書錄

設(shè)計(jì)模式精華

《大話設(shè)計(jì)模式》讀書總結(jié)

薛棟

2015年4月1日

目錄

設(shè)計(jì)模式基本概念................................................................2

設(shè)計(jì)模式空間：..............................................................2

UML標(biāo)記....................................................................3

設(shè)計(jì)原則.....................................................................3

一，簡(jiǎn)單工場(chǎng)(simpleFactory)..............................................................................................4

l.lUML..........................................................................................................................................4

1.2代碼....................................................................4

1.3總結(jié)....................................................................6

二,策略模式(strategy)....................................................................................................................6

2.1UML..........................................................................................................................................6

2.2代碼....................................................................6

2.3總結(jié)....................................................................7

2.4用處....................................................................8

三，裝飾著模式(Decorator)............................................................................................................8

3.1UML..........................................................................................................................................8

3.2代碼....................................................................8

3.3總結(jié)...................................................................10

3.4用處...................................................................10

四，代理模式(Proxy)......................................................................................................................11

4.1UML........................................................................................................................................11

4.2代碼...................................................................11

4.3總結(jié)...................................................................12

4.4用處...................................................................13

五，工場(chǎng)方法模式(FactoryMethod)...........................................................................................13

5.1UML........................................................................................................................................13

52代碼....................................................................13

5.3總結(jié)....................................................................15

5.4用處...................................................................15

六，原型模式(Prototype)...............................................................................................................16

6.1UML........................................................................................................................................16

6.2代碼...................................................................16

6.2.1基本原型模式.....................................................16

6.2.2淺復(fù)制...........................................................17

6.2.3深復(fù)制............................................................17

6.3總結(jié)...................................................................19

6.4用處...................................................................19

七，模版方法（templateMethod）.................................................................................................20

7.1UML........................................................................................................................................20

7.2代碼...................................................................20

7.3總結(jié)...................................................................22

7.4用處...................................................................22

八，外觀模式（Facade）...................................................................................................................23

8.1UML........................................................................................................................................23

8.2代碼...................................................................23

8.3總結(jié)...................................................................25

8.4用處...................................................................25

九，建造者模式（builder）..............................................................................................................26

9.1UML........................................................................................................................................26

9.2代碼...................................................................26

9.3總結(jié)...................................................................28

9.4用處...................................................................29

十，觀察者模式..................................................................29

10.1UML.....................................................................................................................................29

10.2代碼..................................................................29

10.3總結(jié)..................................................................32

10.4用處..................................................................32

H—?,抽象工廠模式（AbstractFactory）......................................................................................33

11.1UML.....................................................................................................................................33

11.2代碼..................................................................33

11.3總結(jié)..................................................................36

11.4用處..................................................................36

11.5注意..................................................................36

11.6反射機(jī)制.............................................................37

十二，狀態(tài)模式（State）.................................................................................................................37

12.1UML.....................................................................................................................................37

12.2代碼..................................................................37

12.3總結(jié)..................................................................40

12.4用處..................................................................40

十三，適配器模式（Adapter）.........................................................................................................41

13.1UML.....................................................................................................................................41

13.2代碼..................................................................41

13.3總結(jié)..................................................................43

13.4用處..................................................................44

十四，備忘錄模式（Memento）......................................................................................................44

14.1UML.....................................................................................................................................44

14.2代碼..................................................................44

14.3總結(jié)..................................................................46

14.4用處..................................................................46

十五，組合模式(Composite)........................................................................................................46

15.1UML.....................................................................................................................................46

15.2代碼..................................................................46

15.3總結(jié)..................................................................48

15.4用處..................................................................48

十六，迭代器模式(Iterator).........................................................................................................49

16.1UML.....................................................................................................................................49

16.2代碼..................................................................49

16.3總結(jié)..................................................................51

16.4用處..................................................................51

十七，單例模式(singleton)...........................................................................................................51

17.1UML.....................................................................................................................................51

17.2代碼..................................................................52

17.3總結(jié)..................................................................52

17.4用處..................................................................52

十八，橋接模式(bridge)...............................................................................................................53

18.1UML.....................................................................................................................................53

18.2代碼..................................................................53

18.3總結(jié)..................................................................55

18.4用處..................................................................55

十九，命令模式..................................................................55

19.1UML.....................................................................................................................................55

19.2代碼..................................................................55

19.3總結(jié)..................................................................57

19.4用處以及優(yōu)點(diǎn)..........................................................58

二十，職責(zé)鏈模式(ChainofResponsibility)................................................................................58

20.1UML.....................................................................................................................................58

20.2代碼..................................................................58

20.3總結(jié)..................................................................61

20.4用處..................................................................61

二十一，中介者模式(Mediator)...................................................................................................62

21.1UML.....................................................................................................................................62

21.2代碼..................................................................62

21.3總結(jié)..................................................................64

21.4用處..................................................................65

二十二，享元模式(Flyweight)......................................................................................................65

22.1UML.....................................................................................................................................65

22.2代碼..................................................................65

22.3總結(jié)..................................................................66

22.4用處..................................................................67

二十三，解釋器模式(interpreter)................................................................................................67

23.1UML.....................................................................................................................................67

23.2代碼..................................................................67

23.3總結(jié)..................................................................70

23.4用處..................................................................70

二十四，訪問者模式（Visitor）.......................................................................................................70

24.1UML.....................................................................................................................................70

24.2代碼..................................................................71

24.3總結(jié)..................................................................73

24.4用處..................................................................73

總結(jié)............................................................................73

設(shè)計(jì)模式基本概念

設(shè)計(jì)模式空間:

目的

創(chuàng)建型結(jié)構(gòu)型行為型

范圍類FactionMethodAdapter（類）Interpreter

TemplateMethod

對(duì)象AbstractAdapter（對(duì)ChainofResponsibility

Factory象）Command

BuilderBridgeIterator

PrototypeCompositeMediator

SingletonDecoratorMemento

FacadeObserver

FlyweightState

ProxyStrategy

Visitor

UML標(biāo)記

企?關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)第

二麗50

…也EtfO

—■承L■

?interface?實(shí)境接口

MU

矩形我示法怎■看<<h>t-e?

，行；排n名稱圈?旁為接口名稱

一:行；接口方法推口方法在實(shí)境美中出現(xiàn)

設(shè)計(jì)原則

?單一職責(zé)

?開閉原則（多擴(kuò)展，少修改）（對(duì)于變化的需求是通過增加新代碼解決的，而不是修改

原代碼，這就是開閉原則的精髓。

?依賴倒置原則

?迪米特法則（最少知識(shí)原則）：如果兩個(gè)類不彼此直接通信，那么這兩個(gè)類就不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)

生直接的相互作用。如果其中一個(gè)類需要調(diào)用某一個(gè)類的另一個(gè)方法的話，則可以通

過第三者轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)這個(gè)調(diào)用。

?里氏代換原則：只有當(dāng)子類代換掉父類，而軟件的單位功能不受影響時(shí)，父類才能真

正被復(fù)用，子類才能在父類上添加功能。

?合成/聚合復(fù)用原則

簡(jiǎn)單工場(chǎng)(simpleFactory)

1.1UML

CashSi4tarCashFactary

*acceptCash0：double*createCashAccept0:CashSuper

￥

CashNornalCashRebateCashRetum

>acceptCash0：double*acceptCash0:double*acceptCash0:double

1.2代碼

packagecom.design.counter;

publicclassCounter{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

Opratero=OpraterationFactory.createOprateration(*+*);

System.out.printin(o.count());

)

)

abstractclassOprater{

publicOprater(intnumlrintnum2){

this.numl=numl;

this.num2=num2;

)

doublenuml,num2;

abstractdoublecount();

)

classAddOpraterextendsOprater{

publicAddOprater(intnuml,intnum2){

super(numl,num2);

doublecount(){

returnnuml+num2;

classDecOpraterextendsOprater{

publicDecOprater(intnumlrintnum2){

super(numl,num2);

}

doublecount(){

returnnuml-num2;

classMutOpraterextendsOprater{

publicMutOprater(intnuml,intnum2){

super(numlrnum2);

)

doublecount(){

returnnuml*num2;

classDevOpraterextendsOprater{

publicDevOprater(intnuml,intnum2){

super(numlznum2);

)

doublecount(){

returnnuml/num2;

classOpraterationFactory{

publicstaticintnuml;

publicstaticintnum2;

publicstaticOpratercreateOprateration(charop){

Oprateroprater=null;

switch(op){

case*+1:

oprater=newAddOprater(numl,num2);

break;

case

oprater=newAddOprater(numl,num2);

break;

case1*1.

oprater=newAddOprater(nun?7,nun72);

break;

case*/,：

oprater=newAddOprater(numlAnun?2);

break;

)

returnoprater;

}

)

1.3總結(jié)

1,產(chǎn)品有個(gè)抽象類，所有產(chǎn)品繼承抽象類

2,工場(chǎng)就一個(gè)靜態(tài)方法，得到產(chǎn)品；

說白了還是父類引用指向子類對(duì)象

二，策略模式(strategy)

2.1UML

策略模式(Strategy)結(jié)構(gòu)圖

2.2代碼

packagecom.design.strategy;

publicclassContex{

privateStrategys;

Contex(Strategys){

this.s=s;

)

publicvoidContexlnterface(){

s?algorithm();

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

Contexc;

c=newContex(newAStratege());c.Contexlnterface();

c=newContex(newBStratege());c.Contexlnterface();

c=newContex(newCStratege());c.Contexlnterface();

}

}

abstractclassStrategy{

abstractpublicvoidalgorithm();

}

classAStrategeextendsStrategy{

publicvoidalgorithm(){

System.out.printIn(nAalgorithm");

classBStrategeextendsStrategy{

publicvoidalgorithm(){

System,out.printIn(nBalgorithm**);

classCStrategeextendsStrategy{

publicvoidalgorithm(){

System.out.printIn(nCalgorithm");

2.3總結(jié)

i,策略就是解決問題的一系列方法，但具體用哪個(gè)方法就不知道了，這樣就把策略放在一

個(gè)類中作為該類的成員變量，并有該類調(diào)用具體的策略；

2.策略的核心是：1)父類引用指向子類對(duì)象2)一個(gè)公告類把策略作為成員變量

2.4用處

當(dāng)問題有多種解決方法時(shí)。

三，裝飾著模式(Decorator)

3.1UML

3.2代碼

packagecom.design.decrator;

publicclassDecoratorTest{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

Personp=newPerson("RichardSine**);

TShirtt=newTShirt();

BigTrouserb=newBigTrouser();

Hath=newHat();

System,out.printin(“第—種裝飾=====

t.decorator(p);

b.decorator(t);

b?show();

System,out.printin("第二種裝飾=====

b.decorator(p);

h.decorator(b);

h.show();

//Person類

classPerson{

privateStringname;

Person(){

Person(Stringname){

=name;

}

publicvoidshow(){

System,out.printin("裝扮的"+nam一);

}

)

//裝飾類

classFineryextendsPerson{

protectedPersonp;

publicvoiddecorator(Personp){

this.p=p;

@(Override

publicvoidshow(){

p?show();

classTShirtextendsFinery{

@|)verride

publicvoidshow(){

System.out.printIn(T恤”)；

super.show();

)

}

classBigTrouserextendsFinery{

publicvoidshow(){

System.out.printin("大垮褲");

super.show();

)

)

classHatextendsFinery{

@|)verride

publicvoidshow(){

System,out.printin("大帽子”);

super.show();

)

)

3.3總結(jié)

i,里氏代換原則：只有當(dāng)子類代換掉父類，而軟件的單位功能不受影響時(shí)，父類才能真正

被復(fù)用，子類才能在父類上添加功能。

2,裝飾者模式的核心是所有的裝飾者繼承被裝飾對(duì)象，并且含有配裝飾對(duì)象作為成員變量。

3.4用處

當(dāng)系統(tǒng)需要新的功能時(shí)，是向舊類中添加的新代碼。這些新加的代碼通常修飾的原有類的

核心職責(zé)。

四，代理模式（Proxy）

4.1UML

代理模式（Pro”）結(jié)構(gòu)圖

Pi3y類,保存一個(gè)用用使用代理可以訪問實(shí)體.

RealSubject類.定義Proxy所代表的山實(shí)實(shí)體并提供個(gè)與Subject的接口相同的接口.這群

代時(shí)就可以用來普代實(shí)體

4.2代碼

packagexy;

publicclassProxyTest{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

Pursuitpursuit=newPursuit("jiaojiao");

Proxyproxy=newProxy(pursuit);

proxy.giveDolls();

proxy.giveFlowers();

proxy.giveCholote();

)

)

interfaceGiveFift{

voidgiveDolls();

voidgiveFlowers();

voidgiveCholote();

)

classPursuitimplementsGiveFift{

privateStringschoolGirl;

Pursuit(StringschoolGirl){

this.schoolGirl=schoolGirl;

)

@Override

publicvoidgiveDolls(){

System,out.printin("送你洋娃娃");

)

@Override

publicvoidgiveFlowers(){

System.out.printin("送你花”);

)

@Override

publicvoidgiveCholote(){

Syst一m.out.printIn("送你巧克力”);

)

)

classProxyimplementsGiveFift{

privatePursuitp;

Proxy(Pursuitp){

this.p=p;

}

@Override

publicvoidgiveDolls(){

p?giveDolls();

}

@Override

publicvoidgiveFlowers(){

p,giveFlowers();

)

@Override

publicvoidgiveCholote(){

p?giveCholote();

4.3總結(jié)

i,代理模式很簡(jiǎn)單，首先：真實(shí)追求者和代理人必須實(shí)現(xiàn)相同的接口（這樣代理人才能給

真實(shí)追求者完成不多余的動(dòng)作)，第二，代理類中含有真是追求者作為成員變量，而動(dòng)作的

真是發(fā)起者是這個(gè)真是變量。

44用處

這個(gè)沒必要說了吧。

五，工場(chǎng)方法模式(FactoryMethod)

5.1UML

運(yùn)年美

工廠類

?NunberA:double

?NuaberB:double

*GetResult0：double?CreateOperation0:運(yùn)算類

加法類顓法工廠集法工廠

-KietResult0:dodile?GetResult0:double

減法類

X法工廠除法工廠

*GetResult0:doubleKJetResult0:dod)le

5.2代碼

packagecom.design.factoryMethod;

publicclassFactoryMethodTest{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

IFactoryopreationFactory=newAddFactory();

Opreationopre=opreationFactory.createOpreation();

opre.numl=10;

opre.num2=15;

System.out.printin(opre.getResult());

}

abstractclassOpreation{

intnuml,num2;

abstractpublicdoublegetResult();

classAddOpreationextendsOpreation{

publicdoublegetResult(){

returnnuml+num2;

)

}

classDecOpreationextendsOpreation{

publicdoublegetResult(){

returnnuml-num2;

}

classMutOpreationextendsOpreation{

publicdoublegetResult(){

returnnuml*num2;

)

classDevOpreationextendsOpreation{

publicdoublegetResult(){

returnnuml/num2;

interfaceIFactory{

OpreationcreateOpreation();

)

classAddFactoryimplementsIFactory{

@Override

publicOpreationcreateOpreation(){

returnnewAddOpreation();

classDecFactoryimplementsIFactory{

@Override

publicOpreationcreateOpreation(){

returnnewDecOpreation();

classMutFactoryimplementsIFactory{

@Override

publicOpreationcreateOpreation(){

returnnewMutOpreation();

)

)

classDevFactoryimplementsIFactory{

@Override

publicOpreationcreateOpreation(){

returnnewDevOpreation();

)

}

5.3總結(jié)

i,工場(chǎng)方法就是給沒一個(gè)操作都產(chǎn)生一個(gè)工場(chǎng)。用到的思想還是面向接口編程而非實(shí)現(xiàn)。

也體現(xiàn)了開閉原則。

2,工場(chǎng)方法與簡(jiǎn)單工場(chǎng)相比耦合度更低。

3,工場(chǎng)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，客戶端需要決定實(shí)例化哪個(gè)工場(chǎng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)算類。而與簡(jiǎn)單工場(chǎng)相比,

它把簡(jiǎn)單工場(chǎng)的內(nèi)部判斷邏輯搬到了客戶端來。若想加功能，在簡(jiǎn)單工場(chǎng)中是改工場(chǎng)類,

而現(xiàn)在改在了客戶端。

5.4用處

注意分類時(shí)候要用到工場(chǎng)模式，是簡(jiǎn)單工場(chǎng)還是工場(chǎng)方法要仔細(xì)判斷。

六，原型模式(Prototype)

6.1UML

原型模式(Prototype)結(jié)構(gòu)圖

6.2代碼

6.2.1基本原型模式

packagetotype;

publicclassPrototypeTest{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

Resumer=newResume("RichardShine").setPersonalInfomation(

男”，n22n).setWorkExperience("3n,"Tecent").showinfo();

try(

Resumer2=(Resume)r.clone();

r2.showinfo();

}catch(CloneNotSupportedExceptione){

//TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock

e.printStackTrace();

classResumeimplementsCloneable{

privateStringname;

privateStringsex;

privateStringage;

privateStringtimeArea;

privateStringcompany;

Resume(Stringname){

=name;

)

publicResumesetPersonallnfomation(Stringsex,Stringage){

this.sex=sex;

this.age=age;

returnthis;

)

publicResumesetWorkExperience(StringtimeArea,Stringcompany){

this.timeArea=timeArea;

pany=company;

returnthis;

)

publicResumeshowinfo(){

Syst一m.out.printin("個(gè)人信息：n);

System,out.printIn("+name+H年齡：H+age);

Syst一m.out.printin("工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)：n);

Syst一m.ou七.printin("工作時(shí)間：n+timeArea+n工作地點(diǎn)：n+company);

returnthis;

)

@Override

protectedObjectclone()throwsCloneNotSupportedException{

returnthis;

6.2.2淺復(fù)制

,NET中有淺復(fù)制

6.2.3深復(fù)制

packagetotype;

publicclassPrototypeTest{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

Resumer=newResume("RichardShinen).setPersonallnfomation(

男”，n22n.setWorkExperience(*'3"Tecent11).showlnf;

try{

Resumer2=(Resume)r.clone();

r2.setWorkExperience("4","IBM").showinfo();

}catch(CloneNotSupportedExceptione){

//TOD