Unit1PeopleofAchievement詞匯導(dǎo)學(xué)案高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)與練（人教版2019選擇性）

選擇性必修一Unit1PeopleofAchievement詞匯導(dǎo)學(xué)案?1.physiology[?f?zi??l?d?i]

n.n.

生理學(xué);生理機(jī)能詞根詞級(jí)：physio身體，生理+logy學(xué)說(shuō)?2.crucial

[?kru??l]adj.

至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的詞根詞級(jí)：cruc

十字形；交叉+

ial

…的→在十字路口的→關(guān)鍵的becrucialtosb/sth.//itiscrucialforsbtodosthOnecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland．(2018江蘇)一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素是獲得土地的安全。?3.vital

[?va?tl]adj必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機(jī)的itisvital(forsb)todosth,//bevitalto(doing)sthbeofvitalimportanceto....對(duì)……極其重要vitallyadv.極其；絕對(duì)Reading

is

a

vital

part

of

my

life．（2019天津）閱讀是我生活中至關(guān)重要的一部分。Understanding

history

is

vital

to

understanding

ourselves

as

a

people

and

as

a

nation．（2019天津）了解歷史對(duì)于了解我們作為一個(gè)民族和一個(gè)國(guó)家至關(guān)重要。Educationisvitallyimportantforthecountry’sfuture.教育對(duì)于國(guó)家的未來(lái)是極其重要的?4.mit

v.做（錯(cuò)事、壞事）；犯；承諾；保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)；忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)詞根詞級(jí)：(together一起)+mit(tosend送)→將人送去承擔(dān)義務(wù)等→(使)承擔(dān)義務(wù)；(使)作出保證mitmurder/acrime/amistake犯謀殺罪、進(jìn)行犯罪、犯錯(cuò)//mitsuicide自殺mitoneselftosth/doingsth.承諾（做）某事mittime/moneyto(doing)sth投入時(shí)間、金錢做某事mitted[k??m?t?d]adj.盡心盡力的;堅(jiān)定的;堅(jiān)信的amittedmemberoftheteam忠于職守的隊(duì)員bemittedto致力于mitmentn.承諾；保證；投入；奉獻(xiàn)；（資金、時(shí)間、人力的）花費(fèi)和使用makeamitmenttosb./sth.向……作出承諾Amanwhomittedamistakeanddoesn'tcorrectitismittinganothermistake.“過而不改，是謂過矣”，這句孔子的名言出自《論語(yǔ)·衛(wèi)靈公》，意思是：有過錯(cuò)卻不加以改正，這才是真正的過錯(cuò)！Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwasmittedtopracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell.（2017江蘇完形）但他很快發(fā)現(xiàn)自己喜歡演奏這種樂器，并致力于練習(xí)它，這樣在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)他就能演奏得相當(dāng)好。The

most

awkward

email

mistake

is

usually

mittedin

anger．（2017天津）最尷尬的電子郵件錯(cuò)誤通常是在憤怒中犯下的。AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthemitmentWilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.（2020江蘇完形）由于威爾遜對(duì)預(yù)防可預(yù)防疾病的承諾，非洲和亞洲的數(shù)千萬(wàn)人可以看到非洲和亞洲的數(shù)千萬(wàn)人可以看到。On

a

summer

evening

in

Beijing

in

2008,all

those

long,

hard

hours

of

work

and

mitment

finally

bore

fruit.（2016江蘇）2008年，在北京的一個(gè)夏夜，所有這些漫長(zhǎng)而艱苦的工作和投入終于取得了成果。?5.academy[??k?d?mi]n.(藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)等的)研究院;學(xué)會(huì);?？圃盒cademic

adj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的//academicallyadv學(xué)術(shù)上；學(xué)業(yè)上：academic

performance學(xué)習(xí)情況//thenewacademicyear新學(xué)年的開始The

gapyear

phenomenon

originated(起源）withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridge

applicants

between

entrance

exams

in

November

and

the

start

of

the

next

academic

year.(2015全國(guó)2卷)間隔年現(xiàn)象起源于從11月的入學(xué)考試到下學(xué)年開始，牛津劍橋大學(xué)的申請(qǐng)者還有幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間。Beingunabletouseaputermakesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch.(2010湖北)由于不能使用計(jì)算機(jī)，他做學(xué)術(shù)研究變得更加困難。Infact,readingearlyhasverylittletodowithwhetherachildissuccessfulacademically.(2012上海)事實(shí)上，早期閱讀與孩子是否在學(xué)業(yè)上取得成功沒有多大關(guān)系。?6.objective[?b?d?ekt?v]n.目標(biāo);目的(同：goal/target)adj.客觀的

set/achieveanobjective訂立目標(biāo)、完成目標(biāo)objectvi.反對(duì)；不贊成(to)//objectionn.不贊成；反對(duì)；異議subjectiveadj.主觀的Our

main

objective

was

the

recovery

of

the

child

safe

and

well.我們主要目標(biāo)是將孩子安然無(wú)恙地找回來(lái)。He

had

no

objective

evidence

that

anything

extraordinary

was

happening.他沒有客觀證據(jù)表明正在發(fā)生什么不同尋常之事。?7.botanical[b??t?n?kl]adj.植物學(xué)的botanicalgarden植物園botanyn.植物學(xué)?8.evaluate

[??v?ljue?t]

vt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估（同：assess）evaluationn.評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估First,

you

need

to

evaluate

yourself,

your

values

your

strengths,

your

weaknesses,

your

achievements,

your

desires,

etc．（2019全國(guó)2卷）首先，你需要評(píng)估你自己，你的價(jià)值觀，你的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，你的缺點(diǎn)，你的成就，你的愿望等等。?9.property

[?pr?p?ti]

n.性質(zhì)；特征；財(cái)產(chǎn)；不動(dòng)產(chǎn)intellectualproperty（IP）知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)?10.distinct

[d??st??kt]adj.清晰的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的（同：different）distinctiveadj.獨(dú)特的；特別的；有特色的distinctionn.差別(同：difference)；區(qū)分；卓著Therewasadistinctsmellofgas.有一股明顯的煤氣味。Theresultsofthesurveyfellintotwodistinctgroups.調(diào)查結(jié)果分為截然不同的兩組。?11.extract

[?ekstr?kt,?k?str?kt]n.提取物;摘錄

vt.提取;提煉;摘錄;(用力)拔出詞根詞級(jí)：ex出+tract拉，拖→拉出來(lái)→提煉出extractionn.提取；提煉；拔出；開采?12.boil

[b??l]vt.＆vi.(使)沸騰;煮開;燒開m.沸騰;沸點(diǎn)boiledwater開水boilingwater沸騰的水developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家fallingleaves落葉fallenleaves落葉aretiredworker退休工人anexperiencedteacher有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師alearnedman一個(gè)有學(xué)問的人?13.liquid

[?l?kw?d]n.液體;液體的;液態(tài)的steamn.蒸汽；水汽gas氣體，天然氣，煤氣solid固體，堅(jiān)硬的?14.obtain[?b?te?n]vt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得;贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在;流行詞根詞級(jí)：ob加強(qiáng)+tain拿→拿到→獲得A

buildityourself

solar

stillisoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadily

available．(2017全國(guó)1卷)自行建造太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器(蒸餾器）是在液體不易獲得的地區(qū)獲取飲用水的最佳方法之一。?15.acknowledge

[?k?n?l?d?]vt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝acknowledgementn[C]&[U]承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]鳴謝Sherefusedtoacknowledgetheneedforreform.她拒不承認(rèn)改革的必要性。Heisacknowledgedas/tobeoneofthegreatestpianists.他被認(rèn)為是最偉大的鋼琴家之一。IshouldliketoacknowledgeallthehelpIhavereceivedfrommyfamily.我要感謝我從家人那里得到的所有幫助。Theflowerswereasmallacknowledgeofyourkindness.這些話聊表謝意，感謝你的好心幫助。?16.defeat

[d??fi?t]

n.失敗;挫敗vt.擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝（同：beat）defeatanenemy打敗敵人//sufferadefeat遭受失敗acknowledge/admit/acceptdefeat承認(rèn)、接受失敗Ourteamwasnarrowlydefeatedinthefinal.我們隊(duì)在決賽中險(xiǎn)勝。?17.analyse

[??n?la?z]v.分析analysisn.分析（pl.analyses）?18.apparently

[??p?r?ntli]adv.顯而易見;看來(lái);顯然（obviously,clearly,evidently）apparentadj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的transparentadj.透明的Thekidsapparentlyknowthetruth.(2020全國(guó)1卷)孩子們顯然知道真相。?19.substance

[?s?bst?ns]n.物質(zhì)；物品；事實(shí)根據(jù)；?20.insist

[?n?s?st]vi.＆vt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求詞根詞綴：in(upon在…之上)+sist(tostand站)→站在自己的立場(chǎng)上→堅(jiān)決要求；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為insist+(that)…(should)dosthHeinsisted(that)theproblem(should)bediscussedatthemeeting.insist+(that)從句Heinsistedthathewasright.注：insist表示“堅(jiān)持”和“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，that從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；而表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”和“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)則不用。?21.scientific

[?sa??n?t?f?k]adj.科學(xué)(上)的;關(guān)于科學(xué)的sciencen.科學(xué)//scientist科學(xué)家//scientificallyadv.?22.mostly

[?m??stli]adv.主要地;一般地?23.wearandtear

(正常使用造成的)磨損;損耗?24.conclusion

[k?n?klu??n]n.結(jié)論;推論concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出 arriveat/eto/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion/toconclude最后；總而言之jumptoconclusions匆忙下結(jié)論Whenhebroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion,histeacherinvitedtherestoftheclasstopraisehim.（2019全國(guó)1卷）Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.(2010福建)總之，全世界人民都應(yīng)該保護(hù)水資源。?25.flee

[fli?]vt.(fled，fled)迅速離開;逃跑?26.circumstance[?s??k?mst?ns]n.

usuallypl條件；環(huán)境;狀況in/under...circumstances在……情況下：n/undernocircumstances決不；無(wú)論如何不：（注：in/undernocircumstances置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。）Ourcircumstancesaresodesperatethatitisuncertainwhetherwewilleverreturnalive.我們的處境如此絕望，不確定我們是否會(huì)活著回來(lái)。It’sanexperimentalmodel,sodon’ttouchitunderanycircumstances.（2012江西）這是一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?，所以在任何情況下都不要碰它。Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoterriblethingstootherpeople.辨析：circumstance,environmentcircumstance和environment都含有“環(huán)境”“狀況”之意?！馽ircumstance指“情況”“情形”（theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.）”，常用復(fù)數(shù)，表明與某事件或某人有關(guān)的環(huán)境，情形，情況等，也可指“境況”“狀況”（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況）（howmuchmoneysbhas）”。Wecan’tjudgewhathediduntilweknowallthecircumstances.●environment指“生活環(huán)境”“周圍狀況（theconditionsoftheplacewhereyouare）”，尤其指作用和影響生物體的生長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展和生存的外界物質(zhì)條件的總和。Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.?27.novelist

[?n?v?l?st]n.小說(shuō)家novel

n.(長(zhǎng)篇)小說(shuō)adj.新穎的；與眾不同的；珍奇的noveltyn.新奇；新穎；新奇的事物等?28.flow

[fl??]

n.流;流動(dòng);流暢;供應(yīng)；流量v.流;流動(dòng)Manstrugglesupwards;waterflowsdownwards.Thepersonwhohasnopersonalityalwaysgowiththeflow.Onlydeadfishfollowtheflow.?29.chart

[t?ɑ?t]n.圖表v.記錄;制訂計(jì)劃flowchart流程圖?30.found

vt.創(chuàng)建;建立;把……建立在foundfoundedfounded建立findfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)setup建立//establish建立?32.infer

[?n?f??(r)]vt.推斷;推定 詞根詞綴：in進(jìn)入+fer(帶來(lái)；拿來(lái))→帶進(jìn)→推斷Part

of

this

ability

is

that

they

can

infer

what

others

know

or

are

thinking．（2016江蘇）這種能力的一部分是，他們可以推斷出其他人知道或在想什么。?33.politician

[?p?l??t??n]n.從政者;政治家;政客politicaladj.政治的；政黨的//politicsn.政治?34numerous

[?nju?m?r?s]adj.眾多的;許多的?35.theory

[?θ??ri]n.理論;學(xué)說(shuō)TheoryofRelativity相對(duì)論theoreticaladj.理論的binetheorywithpractice理論和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合?36.relativity

[?rel??t?v?ti]n.相對(duì)論;相對(duì)性relativen.親戚；親屬?37.formula

[?f??mj?l?]n.公式；方程式；配方詞根詞綴：form(形式)+ula表名詞→形成的東西→公式?38.genius

[?d?i?ni?s]n.(pl,genuses)天才;天資;天賦Sometimesperseverancecanequalgeniusinitsresults.有時(shí)毅力在結(jié)果上可以與天才相提并論。?39.gentle

[?d?entl]adj.溫柔的;文靜的gentlemann.紳士?40.patent

[?p?tnt,?pe?tnt]n.專利;專利證書;獲得專利adj.有專利的;受專利保護(hù)的?42.passion

[?p??n]n.酷愛;激情haveapassionforsth鐘愛；酷愛；熱愛passionateadj.充滿激情的bepassionateabout...Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.（2020江蘇）僅僅擅長(zhǎng)某件事并對(duì)其充滿激情是不夠的。We

both

passionate

about

acting，which

es

from

us

being

so

interested

in

people.(2017天津)我們都熱衷于表演，這是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)人如此感興趣。?43.doctorate

[?d?kt?r?t]n.博士學(xué)位master’sdegree碩士學(xué)位Doctor’sdegree博士學(xué)位?44.extraordinaryadj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的 詞根詞綴：extra超過；以外+ordinary普通的→超出普通→格外的?45.gradually

[?ɡr?d?u?li]adv.逐漸地;逐步地gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的Over

300

years

its

population

grew

gradually

from

800

people

to

8

million．(2018全國(guó)3卷)300多年來(lái)，它的人口逐漸從800人增加到800萬(wàn)。Gray

wolves

once

were

seen

here

and

there

in

the

Yellowstone

area

and

much

of

the

continental

United

States,

but

they

were

gradually

displaced

by

human

development．（2017全國(guó)3卷）灰狼曾經(jīng)在黃石地區(qū)和美國(guó)大陸的大部分地區(qū)隨處可見，但它們逐漸被人類的發(fā)展所取代。?46.etopower

(開始)掌權(quán);上臺(tái)?47.institution

[??nst??tju??n]n.社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu);制度;習(xí)俗?48.consequence

[?k?ns?kw?ns]n.結(jié)果;后果consequentlyadv.所以；因而consequentadj.隨之而來(lái)的;隨之發(fā)生的;作為結(jié)果的asaconsequence=consequently=asaresult結(jié)果；因此asaconsequenceof=inconsequenceof=asaresultofsth由于……的緣故Consequently,

she

succeeded

in

making

a

kind

of

candy

only

using

natural

sweeteners,

which

can

reduce

oral

bacteria.（2019北京）因此，她成功地用天然甜味劑制作了一種糖果，可以減少口腔細(xì)菌。?49.takeupa