大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷64（共225題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷64（共9套）（共225題）大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、仔細(xì)閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Heavierpeoplearemorelikelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredincaraccidentsthanlighterpeople,accordingtonewresearch.Thatcouldmeancardesignerswillhavetobuildinnewsafetyfeaturestocompensatefortheextrahazardsfacingoverweightpassengers.IntheUS,carmanufacturershavealreadyhadtoredesignairbagssotheyinflatetolowerpressures,makingthemlessofadangertosmallerwomenandchildren.Butnooneyetknowswhatitisthatputsoverweightpassengersatextrarisk.AstudycarriedoutinSeattle,Washington,lookedatmorethan26,000peoplewhohadbeeninvolvedincarcrashes,andfoundthatheavierpeoplewereatfarmorerisk.Peopleweighingbetween100and119kilogramsarealmosttwo-and-a-halftimesaslikelytodieinacrashaspeopleweighinglessthan60kilograms.Andimportantly,thesametrendheldupwhentheresearcherslookedatbodymassindex(BMI)—ameasurethattakesheightaswellasweightintoaccount.Someone1.8metrestallweighing126kilogramswouldhaveaBMIof39,butsowouldaperson1.5metrestallweighing88kilograms.PeoplearesaidtobeobeseiftheirBMIis30orover.ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewithaBMIof35to39wereovertwiceaslikelytodieinacrashcomparedwithpeoplewithaBMIofabout20.Itisnotjusttotalweight,butobesityitselfthat'sdangerous.Whiletheydonotyetknowwhythisisthecase,theevidenceisworthpursuing,saysCharlesMock,asurgeonandepidemiologistattheHarborviewInjuryPreventionandResearchCentreinSeattle,wholedtheresearchteam.Hethinksoneanswermaybeforsafetyauthoritiestouseheaviercrash-testdummieswhencertifyingcarsassafetodrive.Crashtestsnormallyusedummiesthatrepresentstandard-sizedmalesweighingabout78kilograms.Recently,smallercrash-testdummieshavealsobeenusedtorepresentchildreninsidecrashingcars.Butlargerandheavierdummiesarenotused.Thereasonsforthehigherinjuryanddeathratesarefarfromclear.Mockspeculatesthatcarinteriorsmightnotbesuitablydesignedforheavypeople.Besides,obesepeople,withhealthproblemssuchashighbloodpressureordiabetes,couldbefoundittoughertorecoverfrominjury.RichardKent,anexpertinimpactbiomechanicsattheUniversityofVirginia,thinksthenewresearchhasestablishedalegitimateconnectionbetweenobesityandsevereinjuryordeath.BecausetheresearchusedBMIdata;ithasnotconfusedtaller(andthereforeheavierthanaverage)peoplewiththosewhoareoverweight.Peoplewhoareobesemightalsobeatriskbecauseseatbeltsdonotholdthemassecurelyinacrash."Forexample,alargeamountoffattissuebetweentherestraintsystemandthebonythoraxactsmuchlikeawintercoat:itintroduces'slack'intotherestraintsystemanddecreasesitsperformance,"Kentsays.1、Thereasonwhyheavypeoplegetinjuredorkilledmoreeasilyintrafficaccidents.A、liesindrunkdrivingB、liesintheairbagC、liesinthesafetybeltD、isnotclearlyknownyet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段Butnooneyetknowswhatitisthatputsoverweightpassengersatextrarisk．可知體重較重的人比體重較輕的人在車禍中死亡或負(fù)重傷的可能性大，但是目前尚不清楚是什么使胖人面臨額外的危險(xiǎn)，所以D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)正確。2、Whichoneofthefollowingpeopleisthemostlikelytogetkilledinacaraccident?A、Amanwhoweighs60kilograms.B、Amanwhoweighs50kilograms.C、AmanwhoseBMIis35.D、AmanwhoseBMIis20.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第三、四、五段內(nèi)容可知，體重介于100到119公斤的人在車禍中喪生的可能性幾乎是體重在60公斤以下的人的2．5倍。BMI(人體綜合指數(shù))介于35到39之間的人，其在車禍中死亡的可能性是BMI大約為20的人的兩倍。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中C選項(xiàng)BMI為35的人比其他三人發(fā)生交通事故的可能性大，所以選C。3、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghasnoconnectionwithobesity?A、Higherrateofdepression.B、Higherdeathrateintrafficaccidents.C、Higherinjuryrateintrafficaccidents.D、Difficultyinrecoveringfromatrafficinjury.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。B、C選項(xiàng)肥胖的人在車禍中死亡、重傷的可能性大．是前文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的內(nèi)容；根據(jù)第八段Besides，obesepeople，withhealthproblemssuchashighbloodpressureordiabetes，couldbefindingittoughertorecoverfrominjury．“此外，患有高血壓或者糖尿病的肥胖者，受傷后較難康復(fù)?！笨芍嚨満筝^難恢復(fù)也和肥胖有關(guān)，D表達(dá)正確。只有A選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文章沒(méi)有涉及．所以選A。4、Theword"legitimate"(Line2,Para.9)maybereplacedby.A、lawfulB、reasonableC、casualD、close標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。原文第九段該空所在句意為“弗吉尼亞大學(xué)研究撞擊生物力學(xué)的專家理查德·肯特認(rèn)為，新的研究已經(jīng)在肥胖癥與重傷或死亡之間建立起了一種關(guān)聯(lián)性”。聯(lián)系下一句內(nèi)容，知道肯特的研究沒(méi)有把高個(gè)子與超重者混淆，說(shuō)明他的研究是可信的、成立的，推斷l(xiāng)egitimate意思是“合理的”，與reasonable為近義詞．因此選B。5、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A、Heavypeopleandlightpeople.B、Newsafetymeasures.C、Obesityandriskindriving.D、Obesityandsafetybelts.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。文章第一、八段都明確表示了文章的主題：體重較重的人比體重較輕的人在車禍中死亡或負(fù)重傷的可能性大。而且在其他段落用一系列的調(diào)查、課題研究和領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业膶?shí)例對(duì)超重和交通事故的關(guān)系嘗試做出現(xiàn)有的解釋，C項(xiàng)是對(duì)文章大意的概括：肥胖癥與駕車的危險(xiǎn)性。因此正確答案為C。Commonindoorplantsmayprovetobeavaluableweaponinthefightagainstrisinglevelsofindoorairpollution.Thoseplantsinyourofficeorhomearenotonlydecorative,butNASAscientistsarefindingthemtobesurprisinglyusefulinabsorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesandcleaningtheairinsidemodernbuildings.NASAandtheAssociatedLandscapeContractorsofAmerica(ALCA)haveannouncedthefindingsofa2-yearstudythatsuggestthecommonindoorplantmayprovideanaturalwayofhelpingcombat"SickBuildingSyndrome."Researchintotheuseofbiologicalprocessesasameansofsolvingenvironmentalproblems,bothonEarthandinspacehabitats,hasbeencarriedoutformanyyearsbyDr.BillWolverton,formerlyaseniorresearchscientistatNASA'sJohnC.StennisSpaceCentre,BaySt.Louis,Miss.Basedonpreliminaryevaluationsoftheuseofcommonindoorplantsforindoorairpurificationandrevitalization,ALCAjoinedNASAtofundastudyusingaboutadozenpopularvarietiesofornamentalplantstodeterminetheireffectivenessinremovingseveralkeypollutantsassociatedwithindoorairpollution.NASAresearchonindoorplantshasfoundthatlivingplantsaresoefficientatabsorbingcontaminantsintheairthatsomewillbelaunchedintospaceaspartofthebiologicallifesupportsystemaboardfutureorbitingspacestations.Whilemoreresearchisneeded,Wolvertonsaysthestudyhasshownthatcommonindoorlandscapingplantscanremovecertainpollutantsfromtheindoorenvironment."Wefeelthatfutureresultswillprovideanevenstrongerargumentthatcommonindoorlandscapingplantscanbeaveryeffectivepartofasystemusedtoprovidepollutionfreehomesandworkplaces"heconcludes."Plantstakesubstancesoutoftheairthroughthetinyopeningsintheirleaves,"Wolvertonsaid."Butresearchinourlaboratorieshasdeterminedthatplantleaves,rootsandsoilbacteriaareallimportantinremovingtracelevelsoftoxicvapours.""Combiningnaturewithtechnologycanincreasetheeffectivenessofplantsinremovingairpollutants,"hesaid."Alivingaircleaneriscreatedbycombiningactivatedcarbonwithapottedplant.Therootsoftheplantgrowrightinthecarbonandslowlydegradethechemicalsabsorbedthere,"Wolvertonexplains.NASAresearchhasconsistentlyshownthatliving,greenandfloweringplantscanremoveseveraltoxicchemicalsfromtheairinbuildinginteriors.Youcanuseplantsinyourhomeorofficetoimprovethequalityoftheairtomakeitamorepleasantplacetoliveandwork—wherepeoplefeelbetter,performbetter,andenjoylifemore.6、Indoorplantscanbeusedinmanywaysexcept______.A、showingtheowner’stasteB、decoratingofficesandhomesC、absorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesD、cleaningtheairinsidebuildings標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段Thoseplantsinyourofficeorhomearenotonlydecorative，butNASAscientistsarefindingthemtobesurprisinglyusefulinabsorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesandcleaningtheairinsidemodembuildings．“那些擺放在你辦公室或家中的植物不僅是裝飾品。而且美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們?cè)谖諠撛谟泻怏w和凈化現(xiàn)代建筑內(nèi)的空氣方面還能起到令人驚異的作用?！笨芍狟“裝飾辦公室或家”、C“吸收潛在有害氣體”、D“凈化建筑”均有涉及，只有A沒(méi)有提到，所以A選項(xiàng)是答案。7、ThestudyjointlyfundedbyALCAandNASAisbasedon______.A、previousresearchofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationB、laboratoryevidenceofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationC、assumptionsofcommonindoorplants’useinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationD、tentativeevaluationsofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalization標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容Basedonpreliminaryevaluationsoftheuseofcommonindoorplantsforindoorairpurificationandrevitalization，ALCAjoinedNASAtofundastudyusingaboutadozenpopularvarietiesofornamentalplantstodeterminetheireffectivenessinremovingseveralkeypollutantsassociatedwithindoorairpollution．“基于對(duì)使用普通室內(nèi)植物凈化室內(nèi)空氣和再生新鮮空氣的初步評(píng)估．美國(guó)園林產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)與美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局共同贊助了一項(xiàng)研究。該研究用約12種常見(jiàn)的觀賞植物，測(cè)定它們清除與室內(nèi)空氣污染相關(guān)的幾種主要污染物的效力”?？芍撗芯渴腔趯?duì)使用普通室內(nèi)植物凈化室內(nèi)空氣和再生新鮮空氣的初步評(píng)估，所以選D。8、AllthefoliowingsarevitaltotheremovaloftracelevelsoftoxicvapoursexceptA、plantleavesB、plantrootsC、plantstemD、soilbacteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段Butresearchinourlaboratorieshasdeterminedthatplantleaves，rootsandsoilbacteriaareallimportantinremovingtracelevelsoftoxicvapours．“但是，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究已得出結(jié)論：植物葉片、根部以及土壤細(xì)菌在清除微量有害氣體方面都起著非常重要的作用?！笨芍狢(植物莖部)并沒(méi)有提及，所以選C。9、Theword"degrade"(Line4,Para.7)maybereplacedby______.A、reduceB、increaseC、neutralizeD、replace標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義題。原文第七段大意為：“把自然和技術(shù)結(jié)合起來(lái)能夠增強(qiáng)植物清除空氣污染物的效力，”他說(shuō)?！鞍鸦钚蕴亢团柙灾参锝Y(jié)合在一起，一個(gè)活的空氣清潔器就誕生了。植物的根就長(zhǎng)在活性炭中，在那兒慢慢地將吸收的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，”沃爾弗頓解釋說(shuō)。聯(lián)系前一句內(nèi)容，推斷degrade應(yīng)和remove意思相同，為“降低，降解”．A選項(xiàng)reduce接近，因此選A。10、Peopleuseplantsinhomeorofficetomakethemfeel______.A、energeticandexaltedB、depressedandlowC、sadandgloomyD、pleasantandcomfortable標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一段Youcanuseplantsinyourhomeorofficetoimprovethequalityoftheairtomakeitamorepleasantplacetoliveandwork--wherepeoplefeelbetter，performbetter，andenjoylifemore．“你可以在家中或辦公室里擺放植物，用它們來(lái)改善空氣質(zhì)量，使這些地方成為更舒適的生活與工作場(chǎng)所——人們?cè)谶@兒感覺(jué)更好，辦事效率更高，更多地享受生活?！闭f(shuō)明室內(nèi)植物讓人們感覺(jué)愉快舒適。因此正確答案為D。Moderatedrinkingreducesstrokerisk,studyconfirms.Similartothewayadrinkortwoadayprotectsagainstheartattacks,moderatealcoholconsumptionswardsoffstrokes,anewstudyfound.Thestudyalsofoundthatthetypeofalcoholconsumes—beer,wineorliquor—wasunimportant.Anyofthem,oracombination,wasprotective,researchersreportedintoday'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation."Nostudyhasshownbenefitinrecommendingalcoholconsumptiontothosewhodonotdrink",cautionedtheauthors,ledbyDr.RalphL.SaccoofColumbiaUniversityCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsinNewYork.ButthenewdatasupportstheguidelinesoftheNationalStrokeAssociation,whichsaymoderatedrinkers,mayprotectthemselvesfromstrokesbycontinuingtoconsumealcohol,theauthorssaid.Theprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattackiswellestablished,butthedatahasbeenconflictingwithalcoholandstrokes,theauthorsaid.ThenewstudyhelpssettlethequestionandisthefirsttofindblacksandHispanicbenefitaswellaswhites,accordingtotheauthors.Furtherresearchisneededamongothergroups,suchasAsian,whopaststudiessuggestmaygetnostrokeprotectionfromalcoholormayevenbeputatgreaterrisk.Amonggroupswheretheprotectiveeffectexists,itsmechanismappearstodifferfromtheprotectiveeffectagainstheartattacks,whichoccursthroughboostsinlevelofso-called"good"cholesterol,theauthorssaid.Theyspeculatedalcoholmayprotectagainststrokebyactingonsomeotherbloodtrait,suchasthetendencyofbloodplateletstoclump,whichiskeyinformingthebloodclotsthatcancausestrokes.Theresearchersstudied677NewYorkresidentswholiveinthenorthernpartofManhattanandhadstrokesbetweenJuly1,1993,andJune1997.Aftertakingintoaccountdifferencesinotherfactorsthatcouldaffectstrokerisk,suchashighbloodpressure,theresearchersestimatedthatsubjectswhoconsumeduptotwoalcoholicdrinksdailywereonlyhalfaslikelytohavesufferedclot-typestrokesasnon-drinkers.Clot-typestrokesaccountfor80percentofallstrokes,aleadingcauseofUSdeathsanddisability.Strokeriskincreasedwithheavierdrinking.Atsevendrinksperday,riskwasalmosttriplethatofmoderatedrinkers.11、Theprincipleofprotectingoneselffromstrokesbyconsumingalcoholreasonablycannotbeappliedto______.A、heavydrinkersB、lightdrinkersC、milddrinkersD、non-drinkers標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段引號(hào)“Nostudyhasshownbenefitinrecommendingalcoholconsumptiontothosewhodonotdrink”．“沒(méi)有研究顯示推薦那些不喝酒的人喝酒有益”可知，喝酒有節(jié)制是針對(duì)有飲酒習(xí)慣的人而言，沒(méi)有喝酒習(xí)慣的人并不推薦他們喝酒，所以D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)正確。12、Whydidresearchersfindabouttherelationshipbetweenstrokesandalcoholconsumptionbeforethenewstudy?A、Theyagreedthatalcoholconsumptioncouldcausestrikes.B、Theycouldnotfindanydatatosupporttherelationship.C、Whattheyfoundwastotallyoppositetothenewstudy.D、Theirfindingswerenotconsistentwithanotherone’s.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)beforethenewstudy定位到第三段內(nèi)容Theprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattackiswellestablished，butthedatahasbeenconflictingwithalcoholandstrokes．theauthorsaid．“有節(jié)制地飲酒保護(hù)人們不患心臟病這種說(shuō)法廣為人們接受．但是有關(guān)飲酒和中風(fēng)的數(shù)據(jù)則互相矛盾”。說(shuō)明之前的研究沒(méi)有確定飲酒和中風(fēng)兩者之間的關(guān)系。題干中的notconsistent和原句conflicting互為對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，所以選D。13、ThenewstudyconductedbyDr.Saccoandhiscolleaguesisuniqueinthat______.A、itrefutesearlystudiesontheprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattacksB、itconfirmsearlystudiesofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattacksC、itfindsthatmoderatedrinkingcanbenefitpeopleofdifferentracesequallywellD、ithelpstoresolvethedisputesovertheeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainststrokes標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段ThenewstudyhelpssettlethequestionandisthefirsttofindblacksandHispanicbenefitaswellaswhites．a(chǎn)ccordingtotheauthors．“新的研究確定了飲酒和中風(fēng)的關(guān)系，而且首次發(fā)現(xiàn)黑人和西班牙裔像白人也能同樣受益?！闭f(shuō)明節(jié)制的飲酒有益于不同種族的人，所以選C。14、Howdoesmoderatealcoholconsumptionmostprobablyprotectusfromstrokes?A、Byenhancingthelevelofthegoodcholesterol.B、Byreducingthepossibilityofthebloodplateletstodeposit.C、Byreducingthenumberofbloodplateletsandbloodclots.D、Byenhancingthepossibilityofthebloodplateletstodeposit.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第四段Theyspeculatedalcoholmayprotectagainststrokebyactingonsomeotherbloodtrait。suchasthetendencyofbloodplateletstoclump，whichiSkeyinformingthebloodclotsthatcancausestrokes．“他們推斷酒精通過(guò)對(duì)某些血液特征起作用防止中風(fēng)．比如血小板結(jié)塊的趨勢(shì)，血小板會(huì)堆積形成血塊，導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)”推斷要想防止中風(fēng)，就要防止血小板沉淀堆積，這和B選項(xiàng)表述一致，因此選B。15、Accordingtothelastparagraph,______aretheleastlikelytosufferclot-typestrokes.A、peoplewhohavetwoalcoholicdrinksdailyB、peoplewhodon’thaveanyalcoholicdrinksC、peoplewhohavemorethantwoalcoholicdrinksdailyD、peoplewhohavelessthansevenalcoholicdrinksdaily標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段…theresearchersestimatedthatsubjectswhoconsumeduptotwoalcoholicdrinksdailywereonlyhalfaslikelytohavesufferedclot-typestrokesasnon-drinkers．“研究估計(jì)每天喝兩杯的人得血塊凝結(jié)中風(fēng)的幾率只有不飲酒的人的一半”可知正確答案為A。Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sothattheyaredistributedinboththemostjustandmostefficientway,isnotanewone.Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity'stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere"limitstogrowth".Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-1945WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the"invisiblehand"ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.16、Whichofthefollowingsisnotanissueforeveryhealthsystemtotackle?A、Whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care.B、Whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority.C、Whichkindsofprofessionsaretobegivenspecialconsideration.D、Whichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段可知A選項(xiàng)“在衛(wèi)生保健方面投入的資源應(yīng)占社會(huì)全部資源的多大比例”，B“什么樣的疾病和殘疾以及什么形式的治療應(yīng)該享有優(yōu)先權(quán)”，D“什么形式的治療是最節(jié)省成本的”都有提及，只有C“哪種職業(yè)需要特殊關(guān)照”并沒(méi)有提及，屬于每一個(gè)衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)需要做出的決定，所以C選項(xiàng)為答案。17、Whatisnewabouthealth-careresourcesfrom1950sonwards?A、Health-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportionedefficiently.B、Health-careresourceswerelimitedandfinite.C、Health-careresourceswereinfiniteandinexhaustible.D、Health-careresourcesshouldbegivenprioritybythegovernments.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)1950s定位到第二段內(nèi)容Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious．“衛(wèi)生保健資源同樣也會(huì)有一些限制的新觀念就是這個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的事實(shí)的一部分?！闭f(shuō)明20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)人們認(rèn)識(shí)到衛(wèi)生健康資源是有限的。所以選B。18、Withhindsight,whatisinconceivableaboutnationalhealthsystemsintheyearsaftertheendofWWII?A、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemscateredtoallofpeople’sbasichealthneeds.B、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswereperfectlyestablished.C、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswerejustandfair.D、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswereup-to-date.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)WWII定位到第二段Lookingback，itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939—1945WorldWar，itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied，atleastinprinciple；the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide．“回溯起來(lái)．有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在看來(lái)不可思議：在1939年到1945年的世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的幾年內(nèi)，很多國(guó)家建立了國(guó)民衛(wèi)生體系，人們認(rèn)為這樣的國(guó)民衛(wèi)生體系至少在理論上能夠滿足任何人群的所有基礎(chǔ)衛(wèi)生需求，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中‘看不見(jiàn)的手’將提供一切所需?！鳖}干中的Withhindsight和原文的Lookingback．inconceivable和incredible，cateredto和satisfied互為對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，所以選A。19、Whendidhealth-carecometobeseenasaright?A、BeforeWWII.B、Before1950s.C、Ataboutthetimethatthelimitsofhealth-careresourcesbecameevident.D、Ataboutthetimewhenthebeliefthateconomicprogresswouldproduceallthehealth-careresourcesprevailed.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段However．a(chǎn)texactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth．careresourceswassinkingin，anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties：thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth—careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife．“然而，就在這種認(rèn)為衛(wèi)生資源是有限的新思想銷聲匿跡的同時(shí)，一種相反的思想在西方社會(huì)發(fā)展起來(lái)了。這種思想認(rèn)為享受衛(wèi)生保健是人們的一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利，而這種權(quán)力是人們正常生活的必要條件?！笨芍狢選項(xiàng)的表述“幾乎在人們認(rèn)識(shí)到醫(yī)療資源是有限的同時(shí)，醫(yī)療保健開(kāi)始被看做是人們的一項(xiàng)權(quán)利”是正確的．因此選C。20、Apersonisconsideredasautonomousandindependentwhenhe/sheis______.A、poverty-strickenB、deprivedofbasiceducationC、notlivingwithinacontextoflawandorderD、entitledtotherightsofhealth-careresources標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty—stricken，ordeprivedofbasiceducation，ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder．Inthesameway．basichealth—careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy．“如果為貧窮而苦惱，或者被剝奪了基礎(chǔ)教育，或者沒(méi)有生活在法律法規(guī)的框架下，那么人們就不能擁有個(gè)人自由，自主行事。同樣，基礎(chǔ)衛(wèi)生保健也是人實(shí)現(xiàn)自由的一個(gè)條件?！笨赏茢嘁粋€(gè)自由獨(dú)立的人需要衛(wèi)生保健的權(quán)利。所以正確答案為D。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、仔細(xì)閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)ArecentcaseinAustraliashowshoweasilyfearcanfrustrateaninformant'sgoodintentions.InDecember,awomanwroteanonymouslytothecountry'santitrustwatchdog,theACCC,allegingthatheremployerwascolludingwithothersinbreachoftheTradePracticesAct.HerevidencewassufficienttosuggesttotheACCCthatfinesofA$10mcouldbeimposedon"alargecompany".Buttheagencyneededmoredetails.SojustbeforeChristmasitadvertisedextensivelytotryandpersuadethewomantocomeforwardagain.SomedayslaterherhusbandrangtheACCC,buthehungupbeforedisclosingvitalinformation.Nowtheagencyistryingtocontactthecoupleagain.InAmerica,thereissomeevidencethattheeventsofSeptember11thhavemadepeoplemorepublic-spiritedandmoreinclinedtoblowthewhistle.TheGovernmentAccountabilityProject,aWashington-basedgroup,received27reproachesfrompotentialinformantsinthethreemonthsbeforeSeptember11th,and66inthethreemonthsafter.Manyofthesecomplaintswereaboutsecurityissues.TheyincludedaFederalAviationAdnunistrationemployeewhoclaimedthattheagencyhadrepeatedlyfailedtorespondtoknowncasesofsecurityviolationsatairports.Legislationtogivegreaterprotectiontopeoplewhoexposecorporateorgovernmentmisbehaviorexternally(afterhavingreceivednosatisfactioninternally)isbeingintroducedinanumberofcountries.InAmerica,itfocusesoninformantsamongfederalemployees.AccordingtoBillyGarde,alawyerwhowasamemberofBP'sAlaskainquiryteam,they"havelessrightsthanprisoners".AbillintroducedlastyearbySenatorDanielAkakatoimproveprotectionforthemiscurrentlystuckincongressionalcommittees.InBritain,thePublicInterestDisclosureActcamefullyintoforcelastyear.DescribedbyoneAmericanas"themostfar-reachinginformantprotectionintheworld",ittreatsinformantsaswitnessesactinginthepublicinterest.Thisseparatesthemfrompeoplewhoaremerelypursuingapersonalgrievance.ButeveninBritain,theprotectionislimited.RupertWalker,afundmanager,wasfiredbyGovettInvestmentsinSeptember2001forexpressingconcernsintheFinancialTimesaboutagroupofpeopleofinvestmenttruststhatinvestineachother.1、WhatdoestheauthormostprobablythinkaboutwhattheACCCdidtothewoman?A、Inconsistent.B、Disheartening.C、Unreasonable.D、Bureaucratic.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：首段列舉發(fā)生在ACCC和那名婦女之間的例子是為了說(shuō)明該段主題，即首句。開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，那名婦女匿名舉報(bào)，就是害怕暴露身份，但當(dāng)時(shí)她仍然相信ACCC能按照她提供的證據(jù)采取相應(yīng)的措施，可是ACCC卻大登廣告，這無(wú)異于暴露了這名婦女的身份特征，雖然ACCC可能因?yàn)橐〉酶嗟淖C據(jù)才這樣做，但它沒(méi)有考慮到保護(hù)證人安全的重要性，這使那名婦女失去了對(duì)它的信任，不敢再與其合作，由此可見(jiàn)，選項(xiàng)B為本題答案。2、Bysaying"moreinclinedtoblowthewhistle"(Line2,Para.2),theauthormeansthatpeoplearemore______.A、eagertodisclosesecretsB、willingtoreportwrongdoingsC、alerttohiddendangerstothecountryD、readytocooperatewiththeadministration標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第2段首句是該段的主題句，通過(guò)對(duì)比9．11事件前后舉報(bào)者的數(shù)字可以知道，該段的主題是為了說(shuō)明美國(guó)人更樂(lè)意揭發(fā)不法行為，由此可推斷，選項(xiàng)B為本題答案。3、ItcanbeinferredthattheFederalAviationAdministrationemployee______.A、hadrepeatedlycomplainedtohisemployerB、didnotgetanyresponsefromhisemployerC、wasconcernedaboutpublicsecurityD、becamebraveafterthe9.11disaster標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者在第2段末句提到航空管理局的雇員，是為了舉例說(shuō)明該段倒數(shù)第2句，由此可推斷，該雇員經(jīng)歷了9．11事件之后，出于對(duì)公眾安全問(wèn)題的關(guān)注，他把雇主的不當(dāng)行為舉報(bào)給政府職責(zé)促進(jìn)會(huì)，由此可見(jiàn)，選項(xiàng)C為本題答案。4、Accordingtothethirdparagraph,informantsamongtheAmericanfederalemployees______.A、disclosemisbehaviorexternallywhentheyaredisappointedinternallyB、getmoreprotectionthanpeoplewhodisclosemisbehaviorexternallyC、havelessrightsthanprisonersD、getasmuchprotectionasbefore標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第3段末句表明雖然美國(guó)加強(qiáng)保護(hù)舉報(bào)人的法案已經(jīng)提出，但是未能在國(guó)會(huì)委員會(huì)通過(guò)，也就是說(shuō)，對(duì)舉報(bào)人的保護(hù)還是跟以前一樣，因此選項(xiàng)D為正確的說(shuō)法。5、Britain’sprotectiontoinformantsisnotperfectinthat______.A、thePublicInterestDisclosureActcamefullyintoforceonlylastyearB、ittreatsinformantsaswitnessesactinginthepublicinterestC、informantsarethreatenedwiththepossibilityoflosingtheirjobsD、informantsareconsideredasmerelypursuingapersonalcomplaint標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：末段一開(kāi)始說(shuō)的都是英國(guó)舉報(bào)人保護(hù)法的好處，第4句開(kāi)頭的but這一轉(zhuǎn)折連詞表明接下來(lái)的才是其缺點(diǎn)，由此可見(jiàn)，答案應(yīng)在第4句及其后尋找，第5句提到舉報(bào)人可能因?yàn)榕e報(bào)而遭解雇，選項(xiàng)C就表達(dá)了這個(gè)意思。Whilethe1970spoppsychotherapymovementfocusedontheimportanceoflettingangerout,morerecentresearchsuggeststhatthere'sasmarter,healthierwaytoreacttolife'sslingsandarrows;withforgiveness.Inarecentstudy,itwasfoundthatwhenindividualswereabouttoforgive,theyexperiencedgreaterjoy,amoreprofoundsenseofcontroloverlifeandlessdepression.Soundappealing.a)Whyholdingagrudge(怨恨)canbeharmful?Yourboyfriendblowsyouoffforanimportantdate.Ifyoustayangryathim,you'llprobablygetfreshflowersonyourdoorstepandmaybeafancymealortwo.Butgrudge-holdingonlygivesustheillusionofpower.Ifyouholdontothatangeronachronicbasis,thenithaspoweroveryou,eatingawayatyourpeaceofmindandperhapsevenyourimmunesystem.AstudybyKathleenLawler,Ph.D.,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofTennessee,confirmsthatpeoplewhoareunabletoforgivereportmorestressintheirlives,moreillnessandmorevisitstothedoctorthandoforgivingfolk.b)GoingfromagrudgetoforgivenessAfewwaystodevelopyourcapacitytoturntheothercheek—Trywritingadaily"forgiveness"reminderinyourjournal;itmaysoundcorny(過(guò)時(shí)的),butit'sagreatwaytohelpgaincontroloveryouremotionallife.—Writealettertoyouroffender,detailingexactlywhat'sbotheringyou.Thentossit.You'llfeelbetter,evenifyourmessageneverreachesitsintendedtarget.—What,exactly,makesyourbloodboil?Forgivenessisn'taboutswallowingangerorbeingadoormat(逆來(lái)順受的人).It'snotaboutforgetting,either.Onthecontrary,it'saboutac