高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)說(shuō)明文閱讀理解講解課件

2024高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解CD篇（說(shuō)明文閱讀）說(shuō)明文大多介紹自然科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新成果等等。說(shuō)明文可分為三種類(lèi)型：描寫(xiě)某事物的性質(zhì)功用，即“對(duì)象+性質(zhì)功用+好處”；針對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題提出解決方法或措施，即“問(wèn)題+解決方法”；介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果，即“現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果”。說(shuō)明事物可采用多種寫(xiě)作手法：例如舉例、分類(lèi)法或類(lèi)比、對(duì)比法，給事物下定義或分析事物產(chǎn)生的原因以及后果。無(wú)論采用什么說(shuō)明方法，作者都是為了說(shuō)明事物的本質(zhì)特征、清晰地展現(xiàn)所說(shuō)明的事物。因此閱讀說(shuō)明文時(shí)應(yīng)著重找出所說(shuō)明事物的定義及其特點(diǎn)。說(shuō)明文文體整體由以下要素組成：背景（background）、定義（de?nition）、研究實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程（study）、原理或原因（principle/reason）、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（advantagesanddisadvantages）、未來(lái)前景（prospect）等，說(shuō)明文文章會(huì)從中選取幾個(gè)角度重點(diǎn)介紹。需要對(duì)文章的組成信息有了整體把握。Paragraph1：background：Paragraph2：principle：Paragraph3：Paragraph4：FrancisGalton提出群體智慧概念群體智慧的依據(jù)或原理JoaquinNavajas做的關(guān)于群體智慧的一個(gè)新實(shí)驗(yàn)JoaquinNavajas群體智慧研究的后續(xù)研究及評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)論：遇到C,D篇說(shuō)明文，尤其是離生活比較遠(yuǎn)的社科類(lèi)文本，一定不要著急做題，或者直接像做A篇應(yīng)用文那樣直接按著題目回原文找答案。①應(yīng)先有大局觀，一定讀懂第一段，因?yàn)榈谝欢问钦f(shuō)明文的“魂”，第一段里有說(shuō)明文的主旨大意。然后快速瀏覽找到每段的大意（找每段的主題句，不是段首就是斷尾），看看是下面的哪一類(lèi)【背景（background）、定義（de?nition）、研究實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程（study）、原理或原因（principle/reason）、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（advantagesanddisadvantages）、未來(lái)前景（prospect）等】②得到了文章結(jié)構(gòu)，下面就可以讀題，也就能又快又準(zhǔn)地獲取原文答題區(qū)間。（第一段）8．WhatdoweknowaboutEklof’swork?A．Itreduceslightpollution. B．Itfocusesonstarsandsky.C．Itstrengthenspeople’sbelief. D．Itrequiresaspecificcondition.（第三段）9．Whatcanreplacetheunderlined“it”inmeaninginparagraph3?A．Darkness. B．Anunlitcity.C．Floodlighting. D．Thenightsky.10．Whatareparagraphs4and5mainlyaboutregardinglightpollution?A．Causeanddamage. B．Effectandsolution.C．Consequenceanddisadvantage. D．Analysisandpotential.（第六段）11．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardlightingmanagement?A．Balanced. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Conservative.Paragraph1：Paragraph2：Paragraph3：Paragraph4：Paragraph5：Paragraph6：作者親身經(jīng)歷導(dǎo)入JohanEklof《黑暗宣言》以及光污染JohanEklof眼中的光污染現(xiàn)象我們（普通人）發(fā)現(xiàn)的光污染現(xiàn)象不同國(guó)家的解決方案作者對(duì)當(dāng)下光污染的評(píng)價(jià)光污染的不良影響I.作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題：設(shè)問(wèn)方式Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward…?找到原文中觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度詞句，結(jié)合文章大意，但也得積累相應(yīng)詞匯。positive積極的optimistic樂(lè)觀(主義)的supportive支持的favorable支持的，贊同的negative消極的pessimistic悲觀（主義）的critical批評(píng)的ironic諷刺的disgusted厭惡的disappointed失望的discouraging令人沮喪的 disapproving反對(duì)的unfavorable不支持的unconcerned不感興趣的，不關(guān)心的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的uncaring冷漠的，無(wú)同情心的doubtful懷疑的=suspiciousskeptical懷疑的particular挑剔的，dismissive輕蔑的subjective主觀的objective客觀的neutral中立的impartial公平的balanced平等的，不偏不倚的A觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度補(bǔ)充練習(xí)2：2021年新高考I卷D篇

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intellingence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”…….Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.……34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.AParagraph1：Paragraph2：Paragraph3：Paragraph4：日本研究了一種可穿戴的軟體機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)可穿戴的軟體機(jī)器人的原因？可穿戴的軟體機(jī)器人的測(cè)試過(guò)程和結(jié)果未來(lái)研究方向17．Whatisthepurposeoftherobot?A．Toassistdoctorsininjectingaccurately.B．Tohelprelievepeople’spainfrominjections.C．Toevaluatepatients’physicalandmentalhealth.D．ToassesstheeffectsofgettingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-19.18．Howdoestheroboteasethepainandanxietyofthepatients?A．Therobotisdesignedtobeattachedtothepatients’hand.B．Therobot’ssoftfurgivesthepatientsafeelingsofwell-being.C．Therobot’s“interpersonaltouch”createsafeelingsofwell-being.D．Therobotinstructstheresearcherstorelievetheexperienceforpatients.19．Whatwillresearchersprobablydonext?A．Developotherdevicesformedicaltreatment.B．Carryoutmoreandmoretestsontherobot.C．Evaluatethepossibleriskofusingtherobot.D．Promotetheapplicationoftherobotworldwide20．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoReducePeople’sFearofInjections.B．AdvancedTechnologyHelpstoCurePatientsC．BeingAfraidofNeedlesReducedVaccinationRatesD．WearableSoftRobotHelpsPeopleScareofinjections.BCADII.如何選標(biāo)題說(shuō)明文是有“倒三角形▼”結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，首段最重要，越往后重要性越低。因此結(jié)合寫(xiě)作對(duì)象看首段和尾段，以首段為主是選好說(shuō)明文類(lèi)閱讀理解題的基本功。補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：(2020年浙江)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.…….Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandke