2025版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)Unit1Greatscientists高考題型分組訓(xùn)練新人教版必修5

PAGEPAGE1Unit1Greatscientists高考題型分組訓(xùn)練閱讀理解板塊訓(xùn)練——重細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，練速度(限時：35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解ABerthavonSuttnerreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1905—shewasthefirstwomantoreceiveit,andalsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize.ShemetAlfredNobel,arichmillionaire,byansweringhisnewspaperadforasecretary.Althoughsheonlyworkedforhimforafewweeks,sheremainedgoodfriendswithAlfredNobelforthenext20years.WhenshebecameinvolvedinthepeacemovementinEurope,shepromisedtokeepNobelinformedofitsprogress.WhenAlfredNobeldiedin1896,hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner'sinfluence.BerthavonSuttnerwasborninanaristocratic(貴族的)militaryfamily,butshespentthesecondhalfofherlifeworkingforpeace.Shewrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocietiesinAustria,GermanyandHungary,aswellastheInternationalPeaceBureauinSwitzerland.Hernovel,LayDownYourArms,wasoneofthemostinfluentialanti－warbooksofalltime,andhelpedtomakeheraleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope.Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(理想)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman.BerthavonSuttnerworkedsohardforpeacebecauseshebelievedthataterriblewarwouldbreakoutinEuropeifnationsdidn'tworkhardtoestablishlastingpeaceinstitutions.Shemademanymajorachievementsforamorepeacefulworld,buttwomonthsaftershedied,WorldWarⅠbrokeout.AhundredyearsaftershewontheNobelPeacePrize,nationsstillseemtoviewwarasachoicetoworkouttheirproblems.ButlikeBerthavonSuttnerdid,manytodayareworkinghardaroundtheworldtohelpstrengthenpeaceinstitutionsandspreadtheideathatit'stimetoputanendtowar.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了第一位女性諾貝爾和平獎獲得者BerthavonSuttner。1．BerthavonSuttner________.A．workedforAlfredNobelfor20yearsB．helpedAlfredNobeldrawuphiswillC．persuadedAlfredNobeltojointhepeacemovementD．inspiredAlfredNobeltoestablishtheNobelPeacePrize[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“alsotheinspirationforthecreationoftheNobelPrize”和其次段中的“hiswillincludedtheestablishmentofapeaceprize,thankstoBerthavonSuttner'sinfluence”可知，諾貝爾在他的遺囑中指明設(shè)立諾貝爾和平獎主要是受到BerthavonSuttner的影響。[答案]D2．Paragraph3ismainlyaboutBerthavonSuttner's________.A．effortsandcontributionstothepeacemovementB．familybackgroundandworkexperiencesC．writingcareerandlifeexperiencesD．a(chǎn)mbitionandgoalsinlife[解析]段落大意題。由第三段中的“wrotebooks,attendedpeaceconferences,gavelecturesandhelpedorganizepeacesocieties”和“themostinfluentialanti－warbooks”以及“aleaderofthepeacemovementinEurope”可知，本段主要講解并描述了BerthavonSuttner為和平運動所做出的努力和貢獻。[答案]A3．WhatdoweknowaboutLayDownYourArms?A．Itwasbasedonatruestory.B．ItrecordedBerthavonSuttner'sdailylife.C．Itwasaboutanaristocraticmilitaryfamily.D．ItshowedBerthavonSuttner'swishforpeace.[解析]推理推斷題。由第三段中的“anti－warbooks”和“Itsendtowarthemewasboththeambition(理想)andthemostimportantgoalinthelifeofthisgreatwoman”可知，《放下武器》這部小說反映了BerthavonSuttner對世界和平的渴望。[答案]DBContestantsfromaroundtheworldmetinPomona,ThebotswereparticipatinginthefinalroundoftheUS'sDARPA(DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency)RoboticsChallenge.Thisevent,whichtookplaceonJune5－6,testedrobotsonhowwelltheycouldrespondduringadisasterandthewinningteamfinallytookhomea$2milliongrandprize.TheDARPAchallengewascreatedafterthe2011FukushimanucleardisasterinJapan.Anearthquakecausedatsunami,whichdamagedanuclearpowerplant.Workersattheplantneededtoshutoffanimportantvalve(閥門),butitwastoodangerousforhumanstoreachit.TheUSscientistsatDARPAwonderedwhetherthedisastercouldhavebeenavoidedifarobothadbeensenttodothe_job.Sotheysetuptheroboticscompetition.Turningavalvewasjustonetaskarobotmighthavetoperformwhenenteringadisasterzone.Inadditiontodoingthis,robotsparticipatinginthechallengehadtonavigateacoursecontainingseveralothertasks:drivingandexitingavehicle,openingadoor,walkingoverorclearingobjects,cuttingaholeinawall,plusclimbingaflightofstairs.Teamshadtocompletethechallengeinonehour,andpointswereawardedbasedonhowquicklytherobotscompletedatask.Theydidn'thavetoattemptallthetasks.Tomakethingsevenmorerealistic,challengeorganizerscausedshortcomputer－systemblackouts(斷電)thatpreventedrobotsandthehumanoperatorscontrollingthemfromcommunicating.Thatmeansteamshadtoprogramtheirbotstobepartiallyautonomous(獨立的).Robotsalsocouldn'tbeattachedtoanythingthatcouldkeepthemfromfallingdown,whichhappenedalot.語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章介紹了在加利福尼亞州實行的DARPA機器人挑戰(zhàn)賽。4．Whatdoweknowaboutthisyear'sDARPAchallenge?A．Itlastedfivedays.B．ItwasheldinJapan.C．Itswinnergotacashprize.D．ItswinnerwillworkinFukushima.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段的“thewinningteamfinallytookhomea$2milliongrandprize”可知，加利福尼亞州實行的為期兩天的DARPA機器人挑戰(zhàn)賽冠軍得主獲得了200萬美元的現(xiàn)金大獎。[答案]C5．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thejob”inParagraph3referto?A．Toopenadoor.B．Tocloseavalve.C．Topredictatsunami.D．Torebuildanuclearpowerplant.[解析]詞義揣測題。畫線部分所在句的thedisaster指代上文的福島核電站事故，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為假如當(dāng)時能有機器人去關(guān)閉核電站的閥門，那么那場事故就會避開，故此處的thejob指關(guān)閉閥門。[答案]B6．TherobotsthatparticipatedintheUS'sDARPAchallengewererequiredto________.A．challengeallthetasksB．haveagoodsenseofsmellC．completetheirtasksinanhourD．a(chǎn)ctinthedarkinthewholeprocess[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由最終一段介紹機器人參賽規(guī)則的“Teamshadtocompletethechallengeinonehour”可知，參賽機器人須要在一個小時之內(nèi)完成競賽內(nèi)容。[答案]C7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Anucleardisaster.B．Aresearchprogram.C．Aroboticscompetition.D．Ascientificorganization.[解析]主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了在加利福尼亞州實行的DARPA機器人挑戰(zhàn)賽賽況及其規(guī)則。[答案]CC(2024·江蘇蘇州期中調(diào)研)AbiologistfromtheNationalParkServicediscoveredarareandunusualmammoth(猛犸)skull(顱骨)buriedina13,000－year－oldrocklayerontheSantaRosaIsland,thesecondlargestlandmassintheChannelIslands,California.Thefossiloftheextinctgiantanimalisleavingmanypaleontologists(古生物學(xué)家)scratching_their_heads.Thespeciesoftheindividualitbelongedtocan'tseemtobeidentifiedyet—it'stoobigtobeapygmy(特殊矮小的)mammothandtoosmalltohavecomefromaColumbianmammoth.Somesayit'sanewspecieswhileothersbelievethetruthliessomewhereinbetween.Judgingfromitssize,thenewlyfoundmammothskulldoesn'tseemtofitanyofthetwospecies,Columbianorpygmy.Tomakethingsevenmoreconfusing,oneofitstwotusks(象牙)isnearlyfivefeetlongandcoiledinamannerthatresemblesthoseoffullygrownmammothsbutthelefttuskisshorterandsloping,morelikeajuvenile's(青少年)．Moreinterestingthanthemammoth'slineage,however,mightbeitsstory.Thegiantmammallived13,000yearsagoorroughlythesametimelineofthe“ArlingtonMan”，a13,000－year－oldhumanskeletonalsofoundonSantaRosa.Some3,000yearslaterhumanswerealreadyspreadthroughoutthecontinentandtheChannelIslands'mammothwentextinct.Thepresentfindingmighthelprevealalinkbetweenthetwo.Theremainsalsoseemtoconfirmalong－h(huán)eldassumptionthatthereweretwomammothmigrationstotheChannelIslands.“ThediscoveryofthismammothskullincreasestheprobabilitythattherewereatleasttwomigrationsofColumbianmammothstotheislands，”saidUSGSgeologistDanMuhs.語篇解讀：文章主要介紹一個新發(fā)覺的猛犸頭蓋骨，這個猛犸頭蓋骨有很多未解之謎。8．Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmeansthepale－ontologistsfeel________.A．excited B．confusedC．a(chǎn)nxious D．frustrated[解析]詞義揣測題。依據(jù)文章第一段的“Thespeciesoftheindividualitbelongedtocan'tseemtobeidentifiedyet”可知，它屬于什么物種還不能被確認(rèn)，故scratchingtheirheads意為“困惑的”。故選B。[答案]B9．Whichisamongthereasonswhythenewlyfoundskullisspecial?A．Itsstructure.B．Theplacewhereit'sfound.C．Itsage.D．Itsshape.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的“Tomakethingsevenmoreconfusing,oneofitstwotusks(象牙)isnearlyfivefeetlongandcoiledinamannerthatresemblesthoseoffullygrownmammothsbutthelefttuskisshorterandsloping,morelikeajuvenile's(青少年)．”可知選C。[答案]C10．Whatcanweconcludefromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．TheSantaRosamammothmigratedtotheChannelIslandsfromelsewhere.B．Theremaybealinkbetweentheextinctionofmammothsandthespreadofhumans.C．AtleasttwomammothgroupsmigratedtotheChannelIslandsduringdifferentperiods.D．Thereremainsnofinalconclusionastohowmanymammothgroupsmigratedtotheislands.[解析]推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段的第一句和“ThediscoveryofthismammothskullincreasestheprobabilitythattherewereatleasttwomigrationsofColumbianmammothstotheislands”可知，對于多少猛犸群遷徙到島上還沒有最終的結(jié)論。故選D。[答案]D11．Thispassagemainlytellsusthenewlyfoundmammothskull________.A．isamongthebestpreserved,butwithamysteriousstoryB．hasarousedadebateoverwhatspeciesitbelongstoC．isofgreatscientificimportancetomankindD．islikelytoconfirmaformerassumption[解析]主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段的“discoveredarare...rocklayer”和倒數(shù)其次段的“Moreinterestingthanthemammoth'slineage,however,mightbeitsstory.”可知，文章主要告知我們新發(fā)覺的猛犸頭蓋骨保存完好并且有著神奇的故事。故選A。[答案]AD(2024·湖北省八校聯(lián)考)Iwasbornonthe17thofNovember1828,inthevillageofNamPing,whichisaboutfourmilessouthwestofthePortugueseColony(殖民地)ofMacao,andislocatedonPedroIslandlyingwestofMacao,fromwhichitisseparatedbyachannelofhalfamilewide.Asearlyas1834,anEnglishlady,Mrs.Gutzlaff,wifeofamissionarytoChina,cametoMacao.SupportedbytheLadies'AssociationinLondonforthepromotionoffemaleeducationinIndiaandtheEast,sheimmediatelytookuptheworkofstartingagirls'schoolforChinesegirls，whichwassoonfollowedbytheopeningofaboys'school.Mrs.Gutzlaff'scomprador(買辦)happenedtocomefrommyvillageandwasactuallymyfather'sfriendandneighbor.ItwasthroughhimthatmyparentsheardaboutMrs.Gutzlaff'sschoolanditwasdoubtlesslythroughhisinfluenceandmeansthatmyfathergotmeadmittedintotheschool.Ithasalwaysbeenamysterytomewhymyparentsshouldputmeintoaforeignschool,insteadofatraditionalConfucianschool,wheremybigbrotherwasplaced.MostcertainlysuchastepwouldhavebeenmoresuitableforChinesepublicopinion，taste,andthewantsofthecountrythantoallowmetoattendanEnglishschool.Moreover,aChinesebeliefistheonlyavenueinChinathatleadstopoliticalpromotion,influence,powerandwealth.IcanonlyguessthatasforeigncommunicationwithChinawasjustbeginningtogrow,myparentshopedthatitmightbeworthwhiletoputoneoftheirsonstolearnEnglish.Inthiswayhemightbecomeaninterpreterandhaveamoreadvantageouspositiontoenterthebusinessanddiplomaticworld.IamwonderingifthatinfluencedmyparentstoputmeintoMrs.Gutzlaff'sSchool.Astowhatothersequencesithaseventuallybroughtaboutinmylaterlife,theywereentirelyleftinthehandsofGod.語篇解讀：本文主要講解并描述了作者——“中國留學(xué)生之父”容閎7歲時，父親將他送往英國人郭士立夫人在澳門開辦的一所男子學(xué)校讀書的故事。12．HowwastheauthoradmittedtoMrs.Gutzlaff'sschool?A．Throughhisfather'srequest.B．Throughhisfather'sfriend'shelp.C．Throughhisowneffortstoexams.D．ThroughMrs.Gutzlaff'sinfluence.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Itwasthroughhimthatmyparentsheardabout...myfathergotmeadmittedintotheschool.”可知，作者是通過父親的摯友的影響和幫助才上的郭士立夫人的學(xué)校。[答案]B13．Whydidtheauthor'sparentsputhimintoanEnglishschool?A．BecauseitmetwithChinesepublicopinion.B．BecauseanEnglishschoolwasmoreinfluential.C．Becausehecouldbecomeasuccessfulinterpreter.D．BecauseforeigntradewithChinawasdevelopingfast.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段的倒數(shù)第三句“Inthiswayhemightbecomeaninterpreterandhaveamoreadvantageouspositiontoenterthebusinessanddiplomaticworld.”可知，作者的父母讓他上英國學(xué)校可能是因為想讓他做翻譯，以后能在外貿(mào)和外交環(huán)境中有肯定的優(yōu)勢。[答案]C14．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisparents'decisiontoputhimintoanEnglishschool?A．Itwasskeptical.B．Itwaswonderful.C．Itwasthoughtful.D．Itwasmysterious.[解析]觀點看法題。依據(jù)最終一段的第三句“Ithasalwaysbeenamysterytomewhymyparentsshouldputmeintoaforeignschool,insteadofatraditionalConfucianschool,wheremybigbrotherwasplaced.”可知，作者至今還不太明白家人把他送到英國學(xué)校讀書的緣由。[答案]D15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sequences”inthelastsentenceprobablymean?A．Results. B．Order.C．Tricks. D．Progress.[解析]詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后的“ithaseventuallybroughtaboutinmylaterlife,theywereentirelyleftinthehandsofGod”可知，上了這個英國學(xué)校之后連續(xù)發(fā)生的事情，都不是父母所能掌控的，由此可推知，此處講的是這件事的后果。[答案]AⅡ.七選五閱讀填空(2024·陜西省高三質(zhì)檢)HowtoChooseaTopicforYourPaperNomatterwhatresearchpaperyouwrite,thefirstandmostimportantstepistochoosethetopic.__1__Herearesometipsforyoutofollow.Tochooseagoodtopic,you'llhavetoaskyourselfsomeimportantquestions.Isthereenoughresearchavailableonthistopic?IsthetopicnewanduniqueenoughthatIcanofferfreshopinions?Isitrelatedtomysubjectandfutureoccupation?__2__Writingaboutsomethingyouenjoycertainlyshowsinthefinalproduct，makingitmorelikelythatyouwillbesuccessfulinwritingapaperaboutsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyouarewritingaresearchpaperforaclass,considertheotherstudents.__3__Howcanyoukeepyourpaperuniqueandinterestingifeveryoneiswritingaboutthesamething?Askyourprofessororclassmatesforadvice,ifyou'restrugglingtocomeupwitha“right”topic.__4__Sometimesaskingprofessorsforhelpmayseemfrightening,butif