07選擇性必修三Unit5重點詞匯及短語拓展（解析板）

07選擇性必修三Unit5重點詞匯及短語拓展I.Unit5重點詞匯及拓展1.sorrown.悲傷；悲痛；傷心事vi.感到悲傷→sorrowfuladj.悲傷的2.imageryn.形象的描述、意象→imagen.形象、印象3.literaryadj.文學(xué)的、愛好文學(xué)的→literaturen.文學(xué)4.rhymen.押韻詞；押韻的短詩vi.&vt.(使)押韻→rhythmn.節(jié)奏；韻律；規(guī)律5.nursen.護士→nurseryadj.幼兒教育的n.托兒所、保育室6.recitevt.背誦；吟誦；列舉→recitationn.背誦7.respectivelyadv.分別；各自；依次為→respectiveadj.分別的；各自的8.prehensionn.理解力；領(lǐng)悟力；理解練習(xí)→prehendv.理解；領(lǐng)悟；懂→prehensiveadj.理解的、領(lǐng)悟的9.civiliann.平民、老百姓→civiladj.國內(nèi)的、平民的10.sympatheticadj.同情的；有同情心的；贊同的→sympathyn.同情；贊同11.innocencen.天真；單純；無罪→innocentadj.天真無邪的；無辜的；無惡意的12.correspondencen.來往信件；通信聯(lián)系→correspondvi.相一致；符合；相當于；通信13.dominantadj.首要的；占支配地位的；顯著的→dominancen.統(tǒng)治；支配14.variationn.變化；變體；變奏曲→varyv.(使)不同；改變；變化→variousadj.不同的；各種各樣的→varietyn.多樣性15.racialadj.種族的；人種的→racen.種族16.prejudicen.偏見；成見vt.使懷有(或形成)偏見→prejudicedadj.有偏見的17.griefn.悲傷、悲痛→grievev.使悲傷、悲痛18.plicatedadj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的→plicatev.使復(fù)雜化II.Unit5重點短語和句型一、重點短語1.tothepoint中肯的；切題的 2.makesense講得通；有意義3.bemadeupof由……組成(構(gòu)成) 4.bepopularwith受……的歡迎5.o...把……翻譯成…… 6.choosefrom從……中選擇7.fallinlovewith愛上…… 8.carryout進行；執(zhí)行9.payattentionto注意 10.makealiving謀生11.besureabout確信…… 12.withdelight高興地13.keepupwith保持；不落下 14.holdonto堅持住15.makealistof列一張清單 16.inadditionto除了17.inthebeginning一開始二、重點句型1.句型公式：why引導(dǎo)定語從句教材原句：Therearevariousreasonswhypeopleposepoetry.翻譯：人們寫詩的原因多種多樣?！痉治鳇c撥】當先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason，且關(guān)系副詞在從句中作原因狀語時，定語從句用why引導(dǎo)，且why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。why可以用“forwhich”來代替。e.g.①Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子認為人區(qū)別于動物的原因就在于人性本善。②Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouareunhappy?你可以告訴我你為什么不開心嗎？③That’sthereasonwhyI’mcheckingitnow.那就是我現(xiàn)在檢查的原因。2.句型公式：主語＋be＋adj.＋動詞不定式教材原句：Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.翻譯：這些童謠也許沒有道理，甚至自相矛盾，但是很容易學(xué)習(xí)和背誦?！痉治鳇c撥】(1)動詞不定式在該句型中用主動形式表示被動意義。(2)常用于該句型的形容詞多為表示主語性質(zhì)、特征的詞，如hard,difficult,pleasant,easy,fortable,interesting等。(3)在意義上，動詞不定式和主語之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系；當不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，要加適當?shù)慕樵~。e.g.①Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogetto.這些地方容易到達，人們就在此定居下來。②ThissweaterIjustboughtonlineishardtowash.我剛從網(wǎng)上買的這件毛衣很難洗。③Theproblematthemeetingyesterdayishardtodealwith.昨天會上的問題很難處理?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空①Helenthisnewpentome,whichiseasytowritewith.(2)完成句子②Hethinksthatlongsentencesinthistextaredifficulttoremember.他認為這篇課文中的長句子很難記住。3.句型公式：while此處用作并列連詞，強調(diào)前后分句的對比教材原句：Somerhyme(likeBandC),whileothersdonot.翻譯：有些清單詩押韻(如詩歌B和詩歌C)，有些則不押韻。【分析點撥】連詞while主要有以下用法：(1)連接兩個并列分句，表示對比關(guān)系，意為“而；然而”。(2)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當……的時候”；也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管；雖然”?！久麕燑c津】while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，從句的謂語動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞，強調(diào)主從句的兩個動詞同時發(fā)生。e.g.①Somestudentsareoutgoing,whilesomeareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriends.有些學(xué)生很外向，有些學(xué)生則很害羞，但他們卻能成為好朋友。②HelikespopmusicwhileIamfondoffolkmusic.他喜歡流行音樂，而我卻喜歡民間音樂。③Somepeoplebelievesmokingisharmfultohealth,whileothersconsidersmokingishelpfulforreducingworkingpressure.一些人認為吸煙有害健康，而另一些人則認為吸煙有助于減輕工作壓力?！径嗑S運用】(1)寫出下列句中黑體詞的含義①Somepeopleliveonlydreamingaboutitwhileotherslivetoavoideverclimbingatall.然而②Whileonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.盡管；雖然③Whileshewaslisteningtotheradio,shefellasleep.當……的時候(2)完成句子④Lilyenjoysdiving,whileyoulikeswimming.莉莉喜愛跳水，而你喜歡游泳。4.句型公式：that引導(dǎo)表語從句教材原句：Thereasonisthattheycanfeelthewarmthofloveandenjoytheinnocenceofchildhood.翻譯：原因是他們能感覺到愛的溫暖、享受到童年的純真。【分析點撥】引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有連詞that,whether，連接代詞和連接副詞以及as

if,as

though,because等連詞。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that通常不省略，但在口語或非正式文體中有時也可省略。當句子主語為表示原因的名詞(+定語從句)等時，表語從句引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用that。e.g.①Thereasonisthatyouhaven’teatenanyvegetables.原因是你沒有吃蔬菜。②Partof

the

reason

is

that

physicaleducationtestscoresarenowworthmoreon

the

seniorhighschoolentranceexamination.

部分原因是，現(xiàn)在體育考試成績在高中入學(xué)考試中的比重更大。③The

most

basic

reason

why

dialects

should

be

preserved

is

that

language

helpsto

retain

a

culture.

方言應(yīng)該被保留的最基本的原因是語言有助于保留文化。5.句型公式：thefirst＋名詞＋不定式短語作定語教材原句：TagorewasthefirstAsiantowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature.翻譯：泰戈爾是第一個獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的亞洲人?！痉治鳇c撥】thefirst/second...,thelast,theonly,thenext以及這些詞修飾的名詞后常接不定式作定語。e.g.①Chinaisthefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.中國是第一個生產(chǎn)紙幣的國家。②CharlesKaowastheonlyethnicChinesescientisttobeawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin2009.高錕是唯一一位獲得2009年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎的華裔科學(xué)家。③Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.他下個月出版的第一本書是根據(jù)一個真實的故事改編的。6.句型公式：wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句教材原句：Whereveritblew,Ishouldknowthatthewindhadbeengoingtheretoo.翻譯：無論它吹向任何地方，我會知道風(fēng)也曾經(jīng)去過那里?！痉治鳇c撥】wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“不管在(到)哪里”，相當于nomatterwhere。它也可以引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，表示“在……的任何(所有)地方”，與where,anywhere,everywhere用法相似。e.g.①Hisinfluenceissostrongthatcrowdsoffollowersfreezeontohimwhereverhegoes.他頗有影響力，無論走到哪里，都有成群的追隨者跟著他。②Whereveryoufindhighwages,youwillgenerallyfindhighprices.

哪里有高工資，哪里一般就有高物價。③Beingrecognizedwhereveryougoisthepriceyoupayforbeingfamous.

出名所付出的代價是不管你走到哪里，都會被人認出來。7.句型公式：過去分詞短語作狀語教材原句：BasedonwhatyouhavelearntaboutFanZhongyanandSuShifromthisbook,whatdoyouthinktheyhaveinmon?翻譯：根據(jù)你從這本書中對范仲淹和蘇軾的了解，你認為他們有什么共同之處？【分析點撥】

過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作，作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致。如果過去分詞作狀語時，前面再加邏輯主語，主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實際上屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.①Facedwithsomanythingstolearn,Iwasoverebyfearandwasatalosswhattodo.面對這么多要學(xué)的東西，我感到恐懼，不知道該做什么。②Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!

因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。③Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.

她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去。III.知識點精講：考點精析1.sorrown.悲傷；悲痛；傷心事vi.感到悲傷Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyandsorrow.(教材P50)其他詩則試圖表達某些情感，如喜悅和悲傷。★情境探究e.g.①Tohissorrow,hiswholehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.令他悲傷的是，他的整座房子都在地震中被毀掉了。②They

saidthat

the

decision

was

made

morein

sorrow

thanin

anger.

他們說作出這個決定，與其說是出于氣憤，不如說是出于悲傷。③Thedepthof

your

sorrow

made

me

seethat

you

havea

kind

heart.

你如此悲傷，讓我覺得你心地善良。★要點突破【歸納拓展】(1)toone’ssorrow讓某人悲傷的是expressone’ssorrowat/forsth對某事表示悲痛(2)sorrowoversth對某事感到悲傷(3)sorrowfuladj.悲傷的★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Thepeoplepresentatthemeetingsorrowedoverhisdeath.②Asamatteroffact,hedaren’tlookuptoseehersorrowful(sorrow)eyes.【完成句子】③Tohissorrow,noneofthemwereinfavourofhim.讓他悲傷的是，他們中沒有人支持他。makesense講得通；有意義Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.(教材P50)這些詩可能沒有意義，甚至看起來矛盾，但它們很容易學(xué)習(xí)和背誦。★情境探究e.g.①Itmakessensetobuythemostup-to-dateversion.買最新的版本是明智的。②Some

Internet

buzzwordscan

only

make

sense

with

thecontext

of

Internet.

有一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)流行語只有在網(wǎng)絡(luò)語境下才講得通。③Hewantedtomunicatesomething;butIcouldn’t

make

sense

of

whathewassaying.

他想交流些什么；但我不明白他在說什么?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)makesenseof...理解/明白……的意思Itmakessensetodosth做某事是有意義的makenosense無意義(2)inasense從某種意義上說innosense決不(置于句首時，句子要部分倒裝)asenseofdirection/humour/duty方向感/幽默感/責(zé)任感Thereisnosenseindoingsth做某事沒有道理/毫無意義【名師點津】makesense的主語通常是物，而makesenseof的主語通常是人。★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Yourputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuy(buy)thecheapestbrandofputerjusttosaveafewdollars.②Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.【同義句轉(zhuǎn)換】③Theissuecaninnosensebesaidtoberesolved.→Innosensecantheissuebesaidtoberesolved.(用倒裝句式改寫)bemadeupof由……組成(構(gòu)成)Anothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.(教材P51)另一種業(yè)余愛好者可以輕松書寫的簡單詩歌形式是五行詩，它由五行組成?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Alifeworthlivingshouldbemadeupofcontinuouseffortsandprogress.只有不斷努力和進步，才能成就有意義的生活。②Then,thepopulationwas150,andwas

made

up

of

mostlyfarmersandtheirfamilies.

那時，人口只有150人，主要由農(nóng)民和他們的家人組成。③Thenextday,amedicalteam

made

up

of

theworld’stopmedicalexpertscametothehospital.

第二天，一個由世界頂級醫(yī)學(xué)專家組成的醫(yī)療小組來到了醫(yī)院。★要點突破【歸納拓展】bemadeupof＝beposedof＝consistof由……組成(構(gòu)成)makeup編造；化妝；和好；組成；構(gòu)成makeupfor彌補bemadeof由……制成(從制成品中能看出原材料)bemadefrom由……制成(從制成品中一般看不出或很難看出原材料)bemadein在……制造bemadeinto被制成……【名師點津】bemadeof和bemadefrom都表示“由……制成”，區(qū)別在于后者看不出原材料?！飳W(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Nothingcanmakeupforthedeathsofsomanypeople.②Booksaremadeofpaper,whilepaperismadefromwood.【同義句轉(zhuǎn)換】③Theteamconsistsoftwentymembers.→Theteamismadeupof/isposedoftwentymembers.→Twentymembersmakeuptheteam.4.moodn.情緒；心情；語氣Withthese,youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.(教材P51)有了這些，你可以用幾句話傳達一幅強烈的圖畫或一種特定的情緒?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①I’minagoodmoodtoday,actually.Howaboutyou?事實上，我今天心情很好。你呢？②Today,we’reinthemoodforchicken.今天我們想吃雞肉。③It

iswidelyaccepted

thathaving

notenoughsleep

can

leave

people

ina

bad

mood.

人們普遍認為睡眠不足會讓人心情不好。★要點突破【歸納拓展】(1)inabad/goodmood心情不好/好inthemoodforsth想做某事；有心情做某事(2)moodyadj.情緒多變的；脾氣壞的★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Heisclearlyinagoodmoodtoday.②Asisoftenthecase,sheismoody(mood),whichmakesherfriendsupset.【完成句子】③I’mnotinthemoodforalongdiscussionaboutthisproblem.我沒有心情長時間地討論這個問題。5.respectivelyadv.分別；各自；依次為Ithasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllablesrespectively.(教材P51)俳句有三行格式，分別包含5、7和5個音節(jié)?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①JulieWilsonandMarkThomasareaged17and19respectively.朱莉·威爾遜和馬克·托馬斯的年齡分別為17歲和19歲。②BothBoeing

and

Airbus

have

trumpeted

the

efficiency

of

their

newest

aircraft,the787and

A350respectively.波音公司和空中客車公司都對他們最新的飛機787和A350的效率大加贊賞。③Twooftheeightpandas,namedLongShengandQingFeng,werebornin2000and2007

respectively.

八只大熊貓中有兩只分別出生在2000年和2007年，名叫“龍升”和“清風(fēng)”?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)respectingprep.關(guān)于；考慮到(2)respectiveadj.分別的；各自的★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Respecting(respect)hisageandexperience,hehasdonequitegoodwork.②Theirsonswerethreeandsixrespectively(respective).【完成句子】③Theyareeachrecognisedspecialistsintheirrespectivefields.他們在各自的領(lǐng)域都被視為專家。prehensionn.理解力；領(lǐng)悟力；理解練習(xí)Poetryprehension(教材P51)詩歌理解★情境探究e.g.①Thismicroscoperevealsthingsbeyondprehension.這個顯微鏡能揭秘不可思議之物。②Your

reading

speed

and

prehension

aretested

during

this

exercise.

你的閱讀速度和理解能力將在這個練習(xí)中得到測試。③She

hadno

prehension

of

what

wasinvolved.

她不明白所涉及的事情。★要點突破【歸納拓展】(1)beyondprehension無法理解；不可思議(2)prehendv.理解；領(lǐng)悟；懂(3)prehensiveadj.詳盡的；全部的★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Shecouldn’tprehend(prehension)howsomeonewouldriskpeople’slivesinthatway.②Formostofthepeople,whathedidwasreallybeyondprehension(prehend).【升級加黑詞匯】③Shewassoyoungthatshecouldn’tunderstandtheirbehaviour.prehend7.coren.核心；精髓；(水果的)核兒Thepurposeofliterarycriticismistogettothecoreofthethetextanddiscoverwhatmessagetheauthorisattemptingtoconvey.(教材P52)文學(xué)批評的目的是深入到文本的核心，發(fā)現(xiàn)作者試圖傳達的信息?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Concernfortheenvironmentisatthecoreofourpolicies.對環(huán)境的關(guān)注是我們政策的核心。②The

team

isbuiltaround

a

core

groupofplayers.

這個隊是以幾名骨干隊員為核心構(gòu)建的。③The

core

subjects

are

English,

mathematics

and

science.

必修課程為英語、數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)。★要點突破【歸納拓展】tothecore極度地；十足；直至核心atthecoreof處于……的中心；成為……的核心★學(xué)以致用(1)單句語法填空①Theappleisrottentothecore.②Centralprocessingunitisatthecoreoftheputer.(2)完成句子③Tohimthefamilyisthecoreofsociety.對他來說，家庭是社會的核心。8.blankadj.空白的；無圖畫(或韻律、裝飾)的；沒表情的n.空白；空格BlankverseisprobablyoneofthemostmonandinfluentialformsofEnglishpoetry.(教材P52)無韻詩可能是英語詩歌中最常見和最有影響力的形式之一?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Whenhetooktheexam,hewassonervousthathismindwentblank.他考試時太緊張了，以至于他的大腦突然一片空白。②Helookedblank,asifhehadnoideawhoshewas.他露出迷茫的神情，好像不認識她似的。③My

mind

was

a

blank

andI

couldn’tremember

her

name.

我腦子里是一片空白，記不起她的名字了?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】goblank(頭腦)突然一片空白lookblank茫然若失★學(xué)以致用【寫出下列句中黑體詞的含義】①Janesatatthedesk,staringattheblankscreen.空白的②Somehowhehadablankexpressiononhisface.沒表情的③Allofasudden,mymindwasapleteblank.空白【同義句轉(zhuǎn)換】④Allofasudden,mymindwentblankpletely.(用形容詞blank改寫句③)9.polishvt.修改；潤色；拋光n.上光劑；拋光；擦亮WhatdoesNorameanbysayingthatsheneedstimetopolishherwriting?(教材P54)諾拉說她需要時間來潤色她的作品是什么意思？★情境探究e.g.①IneedtopolishupmySpanishbeforemytriptoPeru.我需要在去秘魯旅行之前練習(xí)一下我的西班牙語。②Thecreambunsandsausagerollswerepolishedoffinnotime.轉(zhuǎn)眼之間，奶油面包和臘腸卷就被一掃而光。③I

still

remember

howlongit

took

to

polish

thelegs

of

our

coffee

table.

我依然記得擦亮我們的咖啡桌子腿兒要花多長時間?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)polishup擦光；潤飾；使完美polishoff很快做完；(尤指)很快吃完(2)polishedadj.磨光的；擦亮的；嫻熟的★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Eachmorninghewouldshaveandpolishuphisshoes.②Guestsareing.Shehastopolishofftheplatesonthetable.【升級加黑詞匯】③Johnisaskilledworker,forwhichthebossspeakshighlyofhim.polished10.plicatedadj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的Whileinthebeginningsuchsongsandstorieshadaverysimpleformat,overtimetheybecamemoreplicatedandmorepolished.(教材P58)雖然這些歌曲和故事最初的格式非常簡單，但隨著時間的推移，它們變得更加復(fù)雜和精致?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Thestorygetsplicatedfast,andit’safascinatingstory.這個故事很快變得復(fù)雜起來，這是一個引人入勝的故事。②Though

plicated

in

detail,local

taxes

are

in

essence

simple.

雖然細節(jié)復(fù)雜，地方稅本質(zhì)上是簡單的。③George

tookout

a

bunchof

keys

and

went

toworkon

the

plicated

lock.

喬治掏出一串鑰匙，去設(shè)法開這把復(fù)雜的鎖?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)getplicated變得復(fù)雜(2)plicatev.使復(fù)雜化★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Theeventwillonlymakethetaskmoreplicated(plicate)thanexpected.【完成句子】②Theissuegetsplicatedbythefactthatavitaldocumentismissing.由于缺少一份重要文件，問題變得復(fù)雜了。11.variationn.變化；變體；變奏曲DreamVariation,forexample.Itwasoneofhismostcelebratedpoems.Thepoemisaboutthedreamofaworldfreeofinequalityandracialprejudice.(教材P58)比如說，夢境的變化。這是他最著名的詩歌之一。這首詩是關(guān)于一個沒有不平等和種族偏見的世界的夢想?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Thedialrecordsveryslightvariationsinpressure.該刻度盤能顯示很微小的壓力變化。②One

variation

on

vertical

farming

that

hasbeendeveloped

is

to

grow

plants

instacked

trays

thatmoveonrails.

垂直農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展出來的一個變化是，在堆疊的、在軌道上移動的托盤上種植植物。③Thehuman

population

contains

a

greatvariety

of

genetic

variation,

but

drugs

aretested

on

just

a

fewthousandpeople.

人類群體中有各種各樣的基因變異，但是藥物只在幾千人身上進行測試?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)varyv.使不同；變化；改變(2)varietyn.多樣性avarietyof各種各樣的(3)variousadj.各種各樣的；多種(類型)的；不同的★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Thissoupisaspicyvariation(vary)onatraditionalfavourite.②Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious(vary).【完成句子】③Hemadeatoolonhisownwhichcouldbeusedinavarietyof/variousways.他自己做了一個工具，可以用各種方法來使用它。12.prejudicen.偏見；成見vt.使懷有(或形成)偏見Thepoemisaboutthedreamofaworldfreeofinequalityandracialprejudice.(教材P58)這首詩是關(guān)于一個沒有不平等和種族偏見的世界的夢想?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Shehasprejudiceagainstpopularmusic.她對流行音樂有偏見。②Racism

is

a

deeplyrooted

prejudice

which

has

existed

for

thousandsof

years.

種族主義是一種已存在了數(shù)千年的根深蒂固的偏見。③This

suggeststhat

British

attitudes

towards

accent

have

deep

roots

and

are

based

on

class

prejudice.

這表明英國人對待口音的態(tài)度有很深的根源，并且是建立在階級偏見的基礎(chǔ)之上?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)haveprejudiceagainst...對……有偏見(2)prejudicesbagainst...使某人對……有偏見★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①ShetriedtoprejudicemeagainstMrsHilton.【完成句子】②Weshouldn’thaveprejudiceagainstolderapplicants.我們不應(yīng)當對年長一些的申請者有偏見。IV、練習(xí)提升(I)閱讀理解A4PoetryCollectionstoReadandEnjoyInhonorofNationalPoetryMonth,celebratedeveryApril,we’resharingaroundupofpoetrycollectionsthathavebeenpublishedwithinthelastyear.BlackGirlYouAreAtlasByReneeWatson,illustratedbyEkuaHolmesReneeWatson,thebestsellingauthorofWaystoMakeSunshine,drawsfromherchildhoodforsomeofthesepoems,whichincludehaikuandfreeverse.Thesubjectsrangefromracialinjusticetoselflove.Theartworkisspectacular.Ages12andupInandOuttheWindowByJaneVolen,illustratedbyCathrinPeterslundInadditiontobeingtheauthorofmorethan350novels,JaneYolenisanesteemedpoet.Thisnewcollectionincludesmorethan100ofherworksonpopularchildhoodtopicsincludingschool,animals,andsports.Onetitle:“OnMyToes:ATrueStory.”Ages812PoetryicsByGrantSniderillustratedbyLeoDawsonThedozensofshortpoemsinthiscollectionarewrittenandillustratedinicpanels.Thebookcontainsfourchapters—oneforeachseasonoftheyear.Titlesforthespringpoemsinclude“Bubbles,”“BalloonStory,”and“Tadpole.”Thesubjectsforthepoemsfeelfreshandfun.Ages812She’llBetheSkyByElaRisbridger,illustratedbyAnnaShepetaDozensoffemalepoets,includingAmandaGorman,contributedtothiscollection.Topicsrangefromanimalstoactivism.Mostpoemsareacpaniedbyafullpagecolorillustration.Ages8andup1.Whichbookistailoredforreaderswhoareover12yearsold?A.Poetryics. B.She’llBetheSky.C.InandOuttheWindow. D.BlackGirlYouAreAtlas.2.WhatisPoetryicsabout?A.Animalsandactivism. B.Fourseasonsoftheyear.C.Popularchildhoodtopics. D.Racialinjusticeandselflove.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tofascinatepoetrygoers. B.Toadvertise4poetrycollections.C.TocelebrateNationalPoetryMonth. D.Tomenton4poetrycollections.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，介紹了四本詩集。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“over12yearsold”超過十二歲定位到原文第一本詩集BlackGirlYouAreAtlas中的“Ages12andup（12歲及以上）”可知，over對應(yīng)up，BlackGirlYouAreAtlas是為12歲以上的讀者量身定制的。故選D項。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Poetryics定位到原文第三本詩集中的“Thebookcontainsfourchapters—oneforeachseasonoftheyear.（這本書有四章，每一章是關(guān)于一年中的一個季節(jié)）”可知，Poetryics是關(guān)于一年四季的。故選B項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“InhonorofNationalPoetryMonth,celebratedeveryApril,we’resharingaroundupofpoetrycollectionsthathavebeenpublishedwithinthelastyear.（為了慶祝每年四月的國家詩歌月，我們將分享過去一年出版的詩歌集。）”可知，文章的目的是慶祝每年四月的國家詩歌月。A項為吸引詩歌迷。干擾項B為4本詩集做廣告，而原文未提關(guān)于購買的花費和方式，不屬于廣告。干擾項D為了評論4本詩集，不是寫作的目的。故選C項。BMoreexcitedthanever,BenjaminGiroux,a10yearoldboywithautism(自閉癥),camehomefromschoolonApril7.TocelebrateNationalPoetryMonth,hisfifthgradeteacheraskedherstudentstowriteapoemaboutthemselvesandeverysentenceshouldbeginwithan“I”.Benjamincouldn’twaittostartwritinghispoem,sohesatdownanddidn’tlookupuntilhefinishedit.Heshowedthepoemtohisparents,whoimmediatelychokedup.“Iamodd(奇怪的).Iamnew.”Benjaminwroteinthepoem.“Iwonderifyouaretoo.Ihearvoicesintheair.Iseeyoudon’tandthat’snotfair.Ifeellikeaboyinouterspace.Itouchthestarsandfeeloutofplace.”“Atfirst,wefeelhurtthathefeelslonely,misunderstoodandoddatschool,”MrGirouxsaid.“Asthepoemgoeson,werealizethatheunderstandsthathe’soddandthatsoiseveryoneelseintheirownway.ThisiswhatBenjaminwantseveryonetoknow.”Benjaminwassupposedtoreadhispoemaloudtotheclassthefollowingday,butuponwakingupthatmorning,herefusedtogotoschoolandstayedathome.Hedidn’tthinkhispoemwasanygood,sohisdadposteditontheInternetinthehopeofgettingsomeencouragingmentsfromfamiliesandfriends.WhentheNationalAutismAssociationsawthepoem,theyposteditontheirpage,wherethousandsofstrangerssharedhowmuchthepoeminspiredthem.ThefamilyhasheardfromhundredsofparentsthankingBenjaminforshowinghowtheirownkidsmaybefeelingatschool.4.WhydidBenjaminfeelexcitedonApril7?A.Hewroteagoodpoem. B.Hewaspraisedatschool.C.Hehadapoemtofinish. D.Hehadgoodnewstoshare.5.HowdidBenjamin’sparentsfeeluponreadingthepoem?A.Touched. B.Worried. C.Surprised. D.Sad.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4referto?A.Everyonehasoddhobbies. B.Everyoneisoddastheyare.C.Everyoneisworthrespecting. D.Everyonehastheirownlifestyle.7.WhathappenedtoBenjamin’spoemafterbeingpostedontheInternet?A.Itreceivedmanythanks. B.Itcausedaheateddebate.C.Itwasreadaloudinhisclass. D.Itchangedparents’ideasaboutraisingkids.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位患有自閉癥的小男孩寫了一首詩，道出了自閉癥患者的心聲，這引起了廣泛的關(guān)注，得到了很多家長的感謝。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Benjamincouldn’twaittostartwritinghispoem,sohesatdownanddidn’tlookupuntilhefinishedit.(本杰明迫不及待地想開始寫詩，所以他坐下來，直到寫完才抬起頭來)”可知，Benjamin之所以激動是因為他要寫詩。故選C。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Heshowedthepoemtohisparents,whoimmediatelychokedup.(他把這首詩給父母看，父母立刻哽咽了)”和第四段中的““Atfirst,wefeelhurtthathefeelslonely,misunderstoodandoddatschool,”MrGirouxsaid.(Giroux先生說：“起初，我們感到很難過，因為他在學(xué)校感到孤獨、被誤解和格格不入?！?”可知，父母剛看到Benjamin寫的詩時是比較難過的，因為他們覺得兒子在學(xué)校感到孤獨、被誤解和格格不入。故選D。6.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段劃線單詞前面的句子“Asthepoemgoeson,werealizethatheunderstandsthathe’soddandthatsoiseveryoneelseintheirownway.(隨著這首詩的繼續(xù)，我們意識到他明白自己很奇怪，其他人也有自己的方式)”可知，當他的父母讀完詩的時候，他們才意識到每個人都很奇怪，并且每個人都是獨特的，都是不一樣的，這正是Benjamin希望每個人都知道的。所以This指的是“每個人都是奇怪的”。故選B。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThefamilyhasheardfromhundredsofparentsthankingBenjaminforshowinghowtheirownkidsmaybefeelingatschool.(這家人收到了數(shù)百名家長的來信，感謝本杰明展示了他們自己的孩子在學(xué)校的感受)”可知，Benjamin的詩發(fā)到網(wǎng)上后收到了很多家長的感謝。故選A。(II)七選五Agreatpoemmakesyouwanttogetoutofyourchairandpacearoundtheroom.8.Butifyouhaven’tdevelopedyour.poetrytasteinawhile,thatfeelingmightbealittlehardtotapinto.Herearefourtipsthatcanhelpyougetthere.ReadaloudandoutloudWhenreadingapoem,itisimportanttorememberthatitisnotjustwordsonapage,butismeanttobeheardorreadaloud.9.Itwillenhancetheappreciationofthepiece.10Approachingpoetrywithaperspectiveoffindingconnectionsbetweenthepoemandone’sownlifecanbeavaluabletoolforappreciatingthepoemmore.Connectingtotheemotions,memoriesandeventhesamelifeexperiencescanhelptorelatemoretothepoemandinturn,trulyappreciateit.Throughthisconnectiontothepoem,wecanbetterunderstandthefeelings,actionsandwordsofthepoem.CreateadialogueMoreoftenthannot,alotofhiddenor“unsaid”messagesaredeliveredinpoetry.11.Afruitfuldiscussionaboutapoemcanhelpreaderstounderstandthepoemmore,throughtheirdifferentinterpretationsandopinions.Writeyourownpoem12.Asyouwriteyourownpoem,thinkaboutthestructureyouwanttocreate,theliterarydevicesyouwanttoemployandtheemotionyouwanttoarouse.Asyouwriteyourownpoem,youwillseeyourappreciationoftheoriginalpoemrise,asyougainasenseoftheeffortthatgoesintocraftingapoem.Inthisway,itcanbeemucheasiertoappreciatethepoembeingread.A.FindconnectionsB.PairpoetrywithotherartformsC.WritingcanbeagreatwaytostartyourappreciationofapoemD.ItmakesyouwanttothrowyourhandsupandshowittosomebodyE.ReadingthepoemaloudhelpsyouunderstandtheemotionofthepoetfullyF.HavingadiscussionaroundapoemallowsreaderstobringoutthesemessagesG.Possessingacriticaleyeallowsreaderstoappreciatetheartofpoetryinameaningfulway【答案】8.D9.E10.A11.F12.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文就如何欣賞詩歌提出了幾個建議。8.根據(jù)上文“Agreatpoemmakesyouwanttogetoutofyourchairandpacearoundtheroom.”（一首偉大的詩會讓你想從椅子上站起來，在房間里走來走去）可知，選項與上文為并列關(guān)系，都是在描寫讀到好詩時的舉止表現(xiàn)。故D選項“它讓你想要舉起雙手給別人看”切題。故選D項。9.根據(jù)上文“Whenreadingapoem,itisimportanttorememberthatitisnotjustwordsonapage,butismeanttobeheardorreadaloud.”（讀詩時，重要的是要記住，它不僅僅是紙上的文字，而是要被聽到或大聲朗讀）可知，選項承接上文說明大聲朗讀的作用。故E選項“大聲朗讀這首詩可以幫助你充分理解詩人的情感”切題。故選E項。10.根據(jù)下文“Approachingpoetrywithaperspectiveoffindingconnectionsbetweenthepoemandone’sownlifecanbeavaluabletoolforappreciatingthepoemmore.Connectingtotheemotions,memoriesandeventhesamelifeexperiencescanhelptorelatemoretothepoemandinturn,trulyappreciateit.”（從尋找詩歌與自己生活之間的聯(lián)系的角度來看待詩歌，可以成為更好地欣賞詩歌的寶貴工具。將情感、記憶甚至相同的生活經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來，可以幫助你更多地與詩歌聯(lián)系起來，反過來，真正欣賞它）可知，本段主要講講詩歌和個人經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來。故A選項“尋找聯(lián)系”切題，為本段的標題。故選A項。11.根據(jù)下文“Afruitfuldiscussionaboutapoemcanhelpreaderstounderstandthepoemmore,throughtheirdifferentinterpretationsandopinions.”（對一首詩進行富有成效的討論可以幫助讀者通過不同的理解和觀點來更好地理解這首詩）可知，上文介紹了的是發(fā)現(xiàn)詩歌隱含的信息的方法是討論。故F選項“圍繞一首詩進行討論可以讓讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)這些信息”切題。故選F項。12.根據(jù)標題“Writeyourownpoem”（寫詩）以及下文“Asyouwriteyourownpoem,thinkaboutthestructureyouwanttocreate,theliterarydevicesyouwanttoemployandtheemotionyouwanttoarouse.”（當你寫自己的詩時，想想你想要創(chuàng)造的結(jié)構(gòu)，你想要使用的文學(xué)手法，以及你想要喚起的情感）可知，選項說的是寫作在欣賞詩歌中的作用。故C選項“寫作是開始欣賞一首詩的好方法”切題。故選C項。(III)完形填空Longago,poemswererecitedloudinsteadofbeingwrittendown.BackwhentheGreeksfirststartedtheOlympics,theyheldpoetry1aswellasathleticpetitions.Now,poetrypetitionshavebeenrevived.Thisyear120,000highschoolstudentspetedinthefirstPoetryOutLoudnationalrecitationpetition,2poemsfrommemoryfor$100,000inprizemoney.Thefirstpetitionswereheldinclassrooms.Thewinnerswentontoschoolwidecontests,andthentheypetedincityandstatepetitions.3,the50statechampions,alongwiththe4oftheDistrictofColumbiacametoWashingtonD.C.lastweekforthelastshowdown.Afterthe51championspeted5another,12wentontothe6.Thenthefieldwasnarrowedtofive.Thefinalfivehadonelastchanceto“perform”apoem.Theoverallchamp,JacksonHille,ahighschoolseniorfromOhio,7a$20,000scholarship.TheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsandthePoetryFoundation8PoetryOutLoud,becausetheyrealizedthathearingapoemperformedisadifferentexperiencefrom9itonapage.It’snotjustamatterofsayingthewordsintherightorder.It’sthetoneof10,thepauses,thegesturesandtheattitudeofthepersonperformingthatbringthe11tolife.“Eachtimewehearsomebodyreciteapoem,weunderstandagainwhatwefound12andinterestingaboutit,”saidNationalPublicRadioBroadcasterScottSimon,masterofceremoniesforthefinals.Hearingitinanewvoiceofferssomethingnewtothelisteners.Notonlydothepeoplehearingpoemshavea(n)13experience,but14andpresentingpoemshelpstheparticipantsunderstandthosepoemsinanewway.Another15ofapetitionsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheparticipantslearnpublicspeakingskillsthatcanhelpthemforlife.1.A.connections B.contests C.contacts D.positions2.A.performing B.hearing C.admiring D.prehending3.A.However B.Besides C.Finally D.Therefore4.A.poet B.performer C.student D.champion5.A.against B.for C.in D.at6.A.finals B.petitions C.activities D.ceremonies7.A.awarded B.won C.rewarded D.achieved8.A.setoff B.setup C.putoff D.putout9.A.acquiring B.finding C.hearing D.reading10.A.drama B.rhyme C.voice D.poetry11.A.literature B.history C.art D.words12.A.fresh B.innocent C.amusing D.confusing13.A.wonderful B.pleasant C.unforgettable D.new14.A.learning B.writing C.memorizing D.selecting15.A.feature B.benefit C.satisfaction D.option【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.A7.B8.B9.D10.C11.D12.A13.D14.C15.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了美國的高中沿襲了以往希臘人的做法，發(fā)起了詩歌朗誦比賽。12萬名高中生參加了首屆“大聲朗誦詩歌”全國朗誦比賽，他們憑記憶朗誦表演詩歌，獎金為10萬美元。朗誦詩歌不僅讓朗誦者以全新的