閱讀理解專題推理判斷課件高三下學(xué)期英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項

高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解

推理判斷--Zora考情分析年份2023年2022年2021年2020年卷名新高考1卷新高考II卷全國甲卷全國乙卷新高考1卷新高考2卷全國甲卷全國乙卷新高考1卷新高考2卷全國甲卷全國乙卷新高考1卷全國1卷全國2卷事實細(xì)節(jié)題569578898655887主旨大意題110111311222022推理判斷題775864345677544詞義猜測題111112111111212

占比大，與細(xì)節(jié)理解題持平，且呈現(xiàn)逐年上升的趨勢

說明考試越來越注重考察學(xué)生的思維能力

此類題型要求考生在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，通過文中細(xì)節(jié)提示、語義邏輯關(guān)系、推測文章隱含的意思，即言外之意?？忌藴?zhǔn)確理解相關(guān)答題句，應(yīng)根據(jù)文中提供的已知事實為依據(jù)，做出合理的推斷。推斷題的某個選項往往涉及文中已知的正確信息，以此干擾學(xué)生。此類題目的答案通常不能從文中直接得出，必須為推斷所得，因此當(dāng)選項為文中明確指出的表面信息時，大都可馬上排除。1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

2.推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的/意圖

4.推斷文章出處或讀者對象

5.推斷上下文內(nèi)容干擾項特點(1)偷換概念：使用了原文出現(xiàn)的詞匯或者句式。但不是本題的內(nèi)容。(2)擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：對于原文中的細(xì)節(jié)或論斷的某方面程度進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)大或縮小處理。原文中可能出現(xiàn)了almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等詞語對文章內(nèi)容加以限制，干擾選項改變了原文范圍；(3)常識干擾：符合基本常識和我們對社會、生活等方面一些問題的一般看法和認(rèn)識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(4)顛倒是非：涉及原文中提及的內(nèi)容或現(xiàn)象，但選項的意思與原文恰恰相反。(5)無中生有：憑空捏造原文不存在的細(xì)節(jié)，形成迷惑和干擾。(6)推理過頭：引申過度，使結(jié)論過于絕對化。1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

2.推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的/意圖

4.推斷文章出處或讀者對象

5.推斷上下文內(nèi)容正確選項特點◆是"弦外之音°。是立足原文推斷出來的內(nèi)容，不是直接敘述的具體信息；◆沒有絕對概念的字眼，如only,never,allabsolutely

等。因為的推斷出來的內(nèi)容，略有模糊成分，留有余地,通常含有usually,may,some,might,can,

possibly等詞匯.1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

2.推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度

3.推斷寫作目的/意圖

4.推斷文章出處或讀者對象

5.推斷上下文內(nèi)容第一章第二章細(xì)節(jié)推理推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度第三章第四章推斷寫作目的/意圖推斷上下文內(nèi)容第五章推斷文章出處或讀者對象細(xì)節(jié)推斷類設(shè)問方式：1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

題干中常出現(xiàn)infer（推斷），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出結(jié)論），assume（假定，設(shè)想）等詞。主要設(shè)題方式有：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.2.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat________3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/implies/suggeststhat_____5.Whatthewriterreallymeansis_______.6.Whatdoweknowabout___________7.Whatwecanlearnfrom________技巧點撥：1).找到信息源2).忠實原文,但不是原文3).理解文章中直接陳述的觀點或描述的事實的基礎(chǔ)上,領(lǐng)悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的結(jié)論，即根據(jù)作者提供的細(xì)節(jié)或例證，推斷出合理的結(jié)論?！馱hatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinParagraph1A．Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B．Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C．Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D．She'sunabletomeetherschedule.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(選擇)，andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(長曲棍球)club.tip:有中文提示的地方，要注意可能會在此處設(shè)題。Scientistsbelievetheworld'saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.Sofar,effortstocutemissions(排放)ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.●Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld'stemperatureA.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979. B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1900.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.

●Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Amonthlater,thegymisaghosttown.”inthesecondparagraph.？A.Itmeansthatpeopleareoutofforvocationamonthlater.B.Itmeansthatthegymisholdinga“ghost”party.C.Itmeansthatfewpeoplecaninsistongoingtothegymlongerthanamonth.D.Itmeansthatthegymiscloseddownafteramonth.Everyyear,likeclockwork,peoplemakeresolutionsforthemselvesthatareimpractical,vagueoroverlyambitious.IngymsacrosstheUnitedStates,themostpopulartimetosignupforgymmembershipsisjustafterNewYear'sDay.Amonthlater,thegymisaghosttown….計劃不切實際，空，過分雄心壯志很難執(zhí)行●WhatdoweknowaboutMazolenyA.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

（2019全國）Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）.“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”onafirst-namebasis直呼其名無中生有無中生有無中生有兩個座位的旁邊，安德魯?Mazoleny，一個當(dāng)?shù)仉娨曚浵裰谱魅?正在酒吧吃午餐。他喜歡坐下來靜靜看他的或者跟酒吧老板聊天,如果他想有一個小互動(交流)的想法，經(jīng)常直呼其名。他說:“我反思這一天是如何度過的，并思考這一周剩下的時間?！薄斑@是一個自我反省的機(jī)會，你帶著計劃重新開始工作?！薄馱hatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDownerA.They'resociallyinactive.B.They'regoodattellingstories.C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.(全國III2016閱讀理解D）“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,"saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”WhileSolarFoodsdoesnotexpectSoleintochallengeconventionalproteinproductionmethodsinthenexttwodecades,itdoesexpectittobecomea“newharvest”forhumanity,whichissignificantconsideringsofarwehaveonlyreliedonplantsandanimalsforsustenance.TheHelsinki-basedcompanyplanstoopenitsfirstSoleinfactoryattheendof2021andscaleupproductiontotwobillionmealsperyearby2022.●WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphA.ThecompanythinksSoleinwouldhavearewardingfuture.B.Soleinissupposedtochallengetraditionalproteinproduction.C.ThereisstillalongwayforSoleintobeputintoproduction.D.HumanscancompletelyrelyonSoleintosurvive.過于絕對無中生有Althoughsomepsychologistsremainskepticalaboutwhethermusicmayhavepowerfuleffectsonourthinking,anumberofstudiesheshownthatlisteningtomusiccanincreasepeople'sspatialreasoningabilities.Furthermore,itisclearthatmusiccangreatlyinfluenceouremotions.Personallysignificantmusicactivatesareasofthebrainassociatedwithpleasureandreward,thesameareasthatareactivatedbysexandgoodfood.

●Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that____________.

A.nodoubtmusiccanincreasepeople'sthinkingability.B.musicsimplygivespeoplepositiveemotions.C.onlymusiccangivepoplepurepleasureandreward.D.musichasagreatinfluenceonhumanbeings.偷換概念過于絕對(2020全國卷II)Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.●WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorganA.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.(2020全國卷III)Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.●WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactorsA.Theymaybebadlytreated. B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.Theycouldbetradedillegally. D.Theywouldlosepopularity.(2021全國甲卷)Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.●WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserveA.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.(2020全國I卷)TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(隨筆)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.●WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeastA.It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C.It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.(2023全國卷乙卷)Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptain

Cook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.●WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。從英國的角度看，我們有科學(xué)報告和船長對那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞角度來看，我們只有一個木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的?？芍?，作者舉這個例子是為了說明船長的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問題。第一章第二章細(xì)節(jié)推理推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度第三章第四章推斷寫作目的/意圖推斷上下文內(nèi)容第五章推斷文章出處或讀者對象觀點態(tài)度推斷題考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物對某事物所持的觀點或者態(tài)度。這就要求考生在正確理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，對觀點或者態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識別，關(guān)注作者對人物心理或者細(xì)節(jié)的描寫，對文章所交代的人或者事情進(jìn)行評判。主要設(shè)題方式有:1.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomethingis__________2.Thewriterofthepassageseemstothinkthat__________3.What'stheauthor'sopinionon…4.Thewriterthoughtthat______.5.Thewriterofthetexthasa_______attitudetowardsdangeroussports.6.Whatis________’sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribe…..8.….whichwouldtheauthoragreewith觀點/態(tài)度推斷設(shè)問方式：2.觀點態(tài)度推斷在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。positiveapprovingoptimisticfavorablesupportivehopefulneutralcautiousobjectivesubjectiveuninterestedunclear

2.觀點態(tài)度推斷pessimisticindifferentdisappointedcontradictorydoubtful/skeptical/suspiciouscriticalsarcastic/ironicnegativedisapproving積極的，肯定的贊成的樂觀的贊成的支持的有希望的中立的謹(jǐn)慎的客觀的主觀的不感興趣的批判的；批評的諷刺的消極的不贊成的消極的懷疑的漠不關(guān)心的失望的反對的不清楚的(2021全國甲卷)PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).……..Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogrammeA.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.(2020新高考卷)ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistanA.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.這本書讓我們對烏茲別克斯坦的生活有一個大致了解，書中有友好和溫暖的畫面，但也有社會的陰暗面。在撒馬爾罕，比塞爾先生欣賞著那里的建筑奇觀，而在前往布哈拉的途中，他在涉嫌毒品交易時嘗到了警察(執(zhí)法)的滋味。在費爾干納，他參加了一場高山葬禮，隨后是一場奇怪的酒會。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在離海數(shù)英里的漁船感到悲傷。(2020全國III卷)Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommenditYes,IthinkIwould.”●WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-lawA.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.(2021全國I卷)

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.●Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligenceA.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.(2023全國甲卷)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解讀)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.●WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeinersbookA.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖銳的書，它以其表面上的簡單吸引著讀者，并逐漸將他們拉進(jìn)對欲望、孤獨和衰老的深層思考中。(2023全國乙卷)OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.●HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLakeA.Amusing. B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.盡管如此，回顧這些照片，它們?nèi)匀皇俏易詈玫囊恍┱掌绻夷苊髦堑販?zhǔn)備和管理我的時間，它們本可以拍得更好。(2023全國乙卷)It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.●WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTVA.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.正是由于電視上的這些大廚，而不是憑借廣告宣傳活動，英國人正在遠(yuǎn)離“一肉兩菜”和速食餐，而變得更加愿意探索新的烹飪習(xí)慣。(2023全國I卷)Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.DidtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimatesDidtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirmindsThishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.●Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studiesA.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。tip:在although/though/eventhough這些詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，主句往往才是作者真正想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。(2023全國II卷)Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”●WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogramA.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.她拓展資料說，該計劃的好處不僅僅是營養(yǎng)。有些學(xué)生對園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開始自己的菜園。此外，在花園里工作似乎對Jaramillo的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問題。“他們走了出去，”她說，“他們覺得成功?！笨芍?，這個項目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營養(yǎng)的食物，而且許多學(xué)生回家開創(chuàng)了自己的菜園，對有情緒控制問題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用，從而推知，該項目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的?！馱hatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjarsA.Hedisapprovedofit. B.Hewasfavorabletoit.C.Hewastolerantofit. D.Hedidn’tcareaboutit.(2023浙江卷1月)Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.(2022年北京卷)“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.●Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewithA.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.B.Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.(2022北京卷)Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”…..CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaimsIdon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.●RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited同情的；支持的(2022天津卷)

Fortunately,asIgrewolder,therecameaturningpoint.Onedayawhitegirlcaughtmyeyeontheschoolbuswhenshesuddenlyturnedback.Tomyastonishment,shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo,anditwasinNovember!“Wow,”Iwhisperedtomyself,“thisisn’tagenetic(遺傳的)disorderafterall.It’sperfectlynormal.”Dayslater,mylifetookan-othertwist(轉(zhuǎn)折).Searchingtheinternetforstutteringcures,IaccidentallylearnedthatsuchfamouspeopleasIsaacNewtonandWinstonChurchillalsostuttered.Iwasgreatlyrelievedandthenanideasuddenlyhitme—ifI’msmart,Ishouldn’tallowmystutteringtostandbetweenmeandmysuccess.●HowdidtheauthorfeelonnoticingthesimilaritybetweenherandnegirlonthebusA.Blessedandproud.B.Confusedandafraid.C.Amazedandrelieved.D.Shockedandashamed.第一章第二章目錄細(xì)節(jié)推理推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度第三章第四章推斷寫作目的/意圖推斷上下文內(nèi)容第五章推斷文章出處或讀者對象寫作意圖推斷要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖和寫作手法。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。主要設(shè)題方式有：(1)考查整篇文章的寫作目的Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext/passage/articleThewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat__________Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖Thefact...ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat___.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader寫作意圖推斷設(shè)問方式：3.推斷寫作目的/意圖

(1)totellaninterestingexperience;toentertainreaders:

常見于個人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章；(2)tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience;topersuadereaders:這種主要是通過對旅游景點﹑報刊雜志﹑影片﹑電視節(jié)目等的介紹來達(dá)到寫作目的:吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾

或者推銷產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)等；(3)toexplainsth;toinformreaders:多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章；(4)toprove/analyze/show/argue:常見于議論文--說服讀者接受或贊同某

一觀點，倡導(dǎo)某種做法等從文體類別來推斷寫作目的3.推斷寫作目的/意圖

(2023全國I卷)Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.●Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhouA.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。(2023全國II卷)Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.●Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-readerA.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.tip:but,however,yet這些詞后面的句子往往是作者真正的意圖。(2023浙江卷1月)Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.●WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraphA.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.tip:在說明文或者議論文中，往往第一句話是本段主題句，剩下的句子往往是支撐性例證，這類型題在設(shè)問寫作目的時，要重點關(guān)注主題句。(2022北京卷)“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.●TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to________.A.illustrateanargument B.highlightanopinionC