專題04  語法五年級英語寒假專項提升（外研版三起）

2023-2024學年五年級英語寒假專項提升（外研版三起）專題四語法復習指引語法知識一：一般過去時一般過去時的概念：一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：lastyear,yesterday等。例：Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看見他了。一般過去時的結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定形式：主語+動詞過去式+其他例：Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。例：Ididn'tknowyoulikecoffee.一般疑問句：①Did+主語+謂語動詞原型+其他?②Was/Were+主語+表語?例：-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?-Yes,wedid.(No,wedidn't.)一般過去時的特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其它?例：-Whatdidyoudolastnight?-Ididmyhomework.語法知識二：規(guī)則動詞過去式變化規(guī)則①一般在動詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。②以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。③末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)(輔元輔結(jié)構(gòu)),先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。④末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i,然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。語法知識三：Therebe句型Therebe句型的用法：表示某個地方存在某物或某人，Be動詞的單復數(shù)必須依主語的變化而變化。(單數(shù)is復數(shù)are)例：Thereisatableintheroom.房間里有一張桌子。Therearesomebirdsinthetree.樹上有很多鳥。一、Therebe句型的結(jié)構(gòu)1.常見句型結(jié)構(gòu)：(一)Thereis+單數(shù)可數(shù)+地點狀語例：Thereisaruleronthedesk.書桌上有一把尺。(二)Thereare+復數(shù)主語+地點狀語例：Therearefourapplesonthetree.樹上有四個蘋果。Therearesomeflowersinthepark.公園里有許多花。(三)thereis+不可數(shù)名詞+地點狀語(即使有some也是單數(shù))例：Thereissomewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有一些水。(水是不可數(shù)名詞)2.Therebe選擇就近原則：Therebe句型的就近原則是Therebe句型中語法項目的重點考點。Therebe句型中be動詞的單復數(shù)形式由最挨近的一項的單復數(shù)決定。如：Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.(解讀：在本句中盡管有鋼筆、書和鉛筆，但是由于離be動詞最近的一項是單數(shù)apen,因此，be動詞用單數(shù)is。)二、Therebe句型的疑問句及回答(一)Therebe句型的一般疑問句1.在“Thereis/are…”的一般疑問句中，要把Be動詞放在there之前，并將句號變問號。(難點：句中出現(xiàn)的some要改成any。)2.肯定回答為：Yes,thereis/are.3.否定回答為：No,thereisn't/aren't.(二)Therebe句型的特殊疑問句Therebe句型的特殊疑問句形式有以下三種變化：①對主語提問：當主語是人時，用\"Who\'s+介詞短語?\";當主語是物時，用\"What\'s+介詞短語?\"。注意：無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，對之提問時一般都用be的單數(shù)形式，回答時卻要根據(jù)實際情況來決定。②對地點狀語提問：提問地點用"Whereis/are+主語?\"③對數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：Howmany+復數(shù)名詞+arethere+介詞短語?Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語?例：Howmanypeoplearethereinthepicture?Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?三、Therebe句型的否定形式否定形式只要在be動詞后面加not即可，isnot=isn't;arenot=aren't但要注意的是句中如果出現(xiàn)some則改成any.1.肯定：Thereisaknifeinthekitchen.否定：Thereisnotaknifeinthekitchen.2.肯定：Therearefiveapplesonthetree.否定：Therearenotfiveapplesonthetree.3.肯定：Thereissomewaterinthebottle.否定：Thereisnotanywaterinthebottle.4.肯定：Therearesomebirdssinginginthetree.否定：Therearenotanybirdssinginginthetree.語法知識四：情態(tài)動詞一、情態(tài)動詞的定義：情態(tài)動詞有詞義，但它不能單獨作謂語，它必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；它的后面必須跟動詞原形。二、小學階段需要掌握的知識點：1.can,could(過去式)Can+主語+動詞原形?1)表示能力。Canyoudance?你會跳舞嗎?CanyouspeakEnglish?你會講英語嗎?注：Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。2)表示請求和允許。-Canlgoplay?我可以去玩嗎?-Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.3)表示客觀可能性(客觀原因形成的能力)。Therecanbeatleast50peopleinthisclassroom.4)表示推測(驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度),用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。Canthisbetrue?Howcanthisbetrue?2.may,might1)表示請求和允許?！駇ight比may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?我可以在這吸煙嗎?-No,youmustn't.不，不可以。-May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?-Yes,youcan.(No,youcan't/mustn't.)●用Mayl…?征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣，而用Canl…?在口語中更常見。2)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!3)表示推測、可能性(不用于疑問句)。●might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1.Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.2.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.3.mustMust+主語+動詞原形?1)表示必須、必要。例：Youmustcomeintime.●在回答引出的問句時，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不準),而用needn't,don'thaveto(不必).-Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?-Yes,youmust.-No,youdon'thaveto/youneedn't.2)表示推測、可能性(只用于肯定的陳述句)1.You'reTom'sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.2.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.4.should,shouldn't表示勸告：Should+主語+動詞原形?Should+主語+動詞原形?1.Heshouldgetupearly.2.Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.5.Would表示建議“你愿意…嗎”-Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?-Yes,I'dloveto./I'dloveto.ButI'mbusynow.真題回顧一、選擇題。()1．（22-23上·山東聊城·五年級?？计谀㊣______myicecreamonyourshoesyesterday.A．drop B．droped C．dropped()2．（22-23上·海南省直轄縣級單位·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Whatdidyoudo______theweekend?A．of B．in C．a(chǎn)t()3．（22-23上·海南省直轄縣級單位·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）I______mypencil.CanIuseyourpencil,Lingling?A．lost B．need C．like()4．（22-23上·海南省直轄縣級單位·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）—Didyoubuy______applesforyourbrother,Xiaolin?—Yes,Idid.Helikesapplesverymuch.A．some B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)ny()5．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）—Areyoufeelingbored?—______A．Yes,sheis. B．No,sheisn’t. C．Ofcoursenot.()6．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Lingling______football.A．goodat B．isgoodat C．isgood()7．（22-23上·四川雅安·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）They______thereatteno’clockyesterday.A．a(chǎn)rriving B．a(chǎn)rrives C．a(chǎn)rrived()8．（22-23上·寧夏固原·五年級校考期末）Mygrandmaboughtanewbook_________me.A．with B．for C．of()9．（22-23上·河南周口·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Thelittleboycan’twalk.______fatherhelps______.A．He;him B．His;his C．His;him()10．（22-23上·河南周口·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Youaregood______basketball.A．a(chǎn)t B．on C．in二、用所給單詞的適當形式填空。11．（22-23上·山東德州·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Hewants(be)inthefootballteam.12．（22-23上·山東德州·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Hecan’t(drive)acar.13．（22-23上·山東德州·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Didyou(meet)Johninthepark?14．（22-23上·江蘇淮安·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Please(sit)here.15．（22-23上·河南洛陽·五年級洛陽市第二外國語學校校聯(lián)考期末）Acatcanclimbtreesandcatch.(mouse)16．（22-23上·河南平頂山·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Mygrandmaisillinhospital.NowIam(feel)sad.17．（22-23上·河南平頂山·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Linglingisverygoodatbasketball.Shecan(catch)theballwell.18．（22-23上·山西臨汾·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Allofthemaredancing(happy).19．（22-23上·山西臨汾·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Hecancatchtheball(good).20．（22-23上·山西臨汾·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Look!He(hide)behindthedoor.三、（22-23上·山東聊城·五年級?？计谀㏒am給我們出了一道有趣的題，找朋友！你能找到正確的答語嗎？A．No,sheisn’t.B．Ilostmynewruler.C．Yes,hecan.D．Onekilo.E．Shewenttothesupermarket.()21．Canhesingwell?()22．Isshegoodatdancing?()23．Howmuchmeatdidyoubuy?()24．What’sthematterwithyou,Sue?()25．WheredidAmygolastSunday?四、連詞成句。26．（22-23上·山東聊城·五年級?？计谀﹐nly,

There,

are,

crayons,

nineteen(.)27．（22-23上·山東聊城·五年級?？计谀﹉alf,

get,

I,past,

at,

up,

seven(.)28．（22-23上·山東聊城·五年級?？计谀ヽan,well,play,You,football(.)29．（22-23上·山東德州·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）dropped,his,ice,He,the,cream,on,floor(.)30．（21-22上·四川廣元·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Mum,

T-shirt,

bought,

a,

new,

me,

for

(.)五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。31．（22-23上·吉林長春·五年級?？计谀〤anyoujumphigh?(否定回答)No,.32．（22-23上·河南平頂山·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Ishefeelingangry?(做否定回答),he.33．（21-22上·河南平頂山·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Ifoundthebaginthelivingroom.(對畫線部分提問)didyouthebag?34．（21-22上·河南平頂山·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Hefeelsangry.(對畫線部分提問)doeshe?35．（21-22上·遼寧朝陽·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）Therearemonkeysinthezoo.(改為一般疑問句)六、（22-23上·四川雅安·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）補全對話。A．Somenewbooksandabluehat.A．Somenewbooksandabluehat.B．Wheredidyouloseit?C．Ilostmybag.D．Isthisyourbag?E．Whatcolourisit?Attheschoollost-and-foundMsWang:CanIhelpyou?Becky:36

MsWang:37

Becky:Ontheschoolbus.

MsWang:38

Becky:It’sblackandwhite.MsWang:Whatwereinit?Becky:39

MsWang:40Becky:Yes,itis.Thankyou.MsWang:You’rewelcome!七、（22-23上·河南周口·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）排序題。41．()It’shalfpastsix.()Whattimeisitnow,Jim?(5)Let’sturnontheTVnow.()Really?Ilikeanimals.()ThereisaTVshowaboutanimalsathalfpastseven.()OK.八、（22-23上·河南洛陽·五年級洛陽市第二外國語學校校聯(lián)考期末）根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容判斷句子的正(T)誤(F)。LucyisinZhengzhou,shewillgotoLuoyangforthesummervacation.Hereisthetrainticket.G7253Zhengzhou

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LuoyangStartDate：July16th,2022Time:9:00am—9:35amPrice:￥46Platform:3Seat:05B()42．LucywillgotoZhengzhouforhersummervacation.()43．LucywilltakethetrainG7253.()44．ItwilltakeLucyfortyminutesfromZhengzhoutoLuoyang.()45．ItwilltakeLucy46yuanfromZhengzhoutoLuoyang.()46．Lucycantakeherseatat05A．九、（22-23上·河南洛陽·五年級統(tǒng)考期末）仿寫。例:1.Igetupatsixo’clock.47．48．49．50．51．提升訓練一、選擇題。()1．Thisoldmanis______.Hecan’thear.A．blind B．deaf C．happy()2．—______pupilsarethereinyourclass?—Fifty.A．How B．Howmany C．What()3．DidSam______backyesterday?A．came B．comes C．come()4．Daming______goodatskippinginthepast.A．a(chǎn)m B．was C．is()5．Iwasillyesterday.NowIfeel______.A．hurry B．better C．happy()6．School______ateighto’clockinthemorning.A．starts B．start C．starting()7．Thisis________grandma.A．Amy B．Amys C．Amy’s()8．How________facescanyousee?A．much B．many C．old()9．Theboycan’tfindhismother,he’s________.A．cry B．cries C．crying()10．Weoftengotoschool________eighto’clockinthemorning.A．a(chǎn)t B．in C．on二、請根據(jù)相應的對話內(nèi)容，選出相應的答語。A．Yes,Ido.B．No,youdidn’t.C．Thereareforty.D．No,Ican’t.E．Yes,Iam.()11．Canyouplaybasketball?()12．Doyouwanttobeinourteam?()13．Areyougoodatfootball?()14．Howmanypupilsarethereinyouclass?()15．DidIlosemyEnglishbook?三、選出符合句意的圖片。A．

B．

C．

D．

E.()16．Thereareonlyfivechairsintheclassroom.()17．Yourredsweaterisontheline.()18．TheywenttoBeijingbytrain.()19．Wearrivedthereatteno’clock.()20．Iboughtsomebananasatthesupermarket.四、選詞填空。21．WheredidyouLingling?(find/found)22．Areyoubored?(feeling/feel)23．Dogsarevery.(use/useful)24．walkonthegrass.(Do/Don’t)25．Shedidn’tashirtforherson.(buy/bought)26．Don’t(jump/jumping)onthebed.27．—Wheredidyou(find/found)Lingling?—Ifoundherinthekitchen.28．Myschool(start/starts）atnineo’clockinthemorning.29．Don’t(ran/run)ontheroad!30．I(listen/listened)tomusiclastnight.五、連詞成句。31．twenty,thereare,intheclass,children,but(.)32．Mum,a,T-shirt,bought,new,for,me(.)33．did,do,you,what,attheweekend(?)34．Howmuch,you,buy,did,juice(?)35．a(chǎn)re,the,Your,line,T-shirts,on(.)六、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。36．WeplayedfootballlastSunday.(對畫線部分提問)didyoulastSunday?37．Whatdidyoubuyyesterday?(用fivepears回答)38．Thereisoneinthebox.(改為否定句)oneinthebox.39．Twentyfaceswecansee.(對畫線部分提問)canyousee?40．IwenttoShanghaionmyholiday.(對畫線部分提問)goonyourholiday?七、選擇合適的單詞，補全短文。wear

washed

looked

was

hadIt41sunnyandhotyesterday.Sally’sfamily42apicnicinthepark.Sallywantedto43hernewshorts.Shelikesthemverymuch.Butshecouldn’tfindthem.Becausehermum44them.Andtheywereontheline.ThensheworeherwhiteskirtandheryellowT-shirt.They45beautiful.八、閱讀理解。LastweekYangyangwenttoDalianwithhermother.Theywentbyplane.Theyvisitedlotsofplaces.Theytookaboattripalongtheriver.Ittookthemthreehoursandthirtyminutes.Theyboughtalotofchocolate.Theyhadagoodday.()46．Theyvisited______.A．lotsofplaces B．BigBen C．LondonEye D．park()47．Howdidtheygothere?A．Bytrain. B．Bybus. C．Byplane. D．Bycar.()48．Yangyangbought______lastweek.A．cheese B．chocolate C．juice D．fruit()49．Ittookthem______.A．3時12分B．3時30分C．2時20分50．畫線句子的意思：九、仿照示例寫句子。例：(13books,desk)Therearethirteenbooksonthedesk.51．(18children,classroom)52．(16footballs,box)53．(14birds,tree)參考答案：真題回顧1．C2．C3．A4．C5．C6．B7．C8．B9．C10．A11．to