山東省濱州市博興縣陽信縣2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考試題含解析

PAGEPAGE25山東省濱州市博興縣、陽信縣2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考試題（含解析）（試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘）考生須知1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)注在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdidthewomanforgettobringtoschool?A.Herwatch.B.Herglasses.C.Herumbrella.2.Howmuchwillthewomanhavetopay?A.￡2.B.￡5.C.￡7.3.Whatdoesthegirlwantherdadtodo?A.Takehertoamatch.B.Getheradictionary.C.Buyheramagazine.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheromanticfilm?A.Boring.B.Exciting.C.Impressive.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.ATVprogram.B.Ahost.C.Agame.其次節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whyisthemanmakingthecall?A.Tomakeanappointment.B.Tochangethemedicine.C.Toknowaboutthemeeting.7.Whatwillthewomanmostlikelydonext?A.Putthemanthroughtoanotherdoctor.B.GetintouchwithDr.Johnson.C.GotoDr.Lee’soffice.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhydidMarsharequestthemeetingbeputoff?A.Shegotthesalesreportlate.B.Shewillgoonabusinesstrip.C.Shewillbevisitedbyacustomer.9.Whendoesthewomansuggestthemeetingbeheld?A.OnTuesdaymorning.B.OnTuesdayafternoon.C.OnWednesdaymorning.10.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Makeatravelplan.B.Analyzesomedata.C.TrytoreachMarsha.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Husbandandwife.C.Roommates.12.Whatequipmentwillthewomanprobablyleavebehind?A.Thegascooker.B.Thefridge.C.Thedishwasher.13.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthebedroom?A.Thecolorofthewall.B.Thematerialofthefloor.C.Theviewfromthewindow.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.HowdidTom’smotherfindoutabouttheconcert?A.Byreadingaposter.B.Bylisteningtotheradio.C.Bylookingatawebsite.15.WhenwillTomgototheconcert?A.On19June.B.On23June.C.On25June.16.Wherewillthegirlgofirstafterschooltomorrow?A.Totheplayground.B.Tothesportsclub.C.Tothelibrary.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wherearethetouristsfrom?A.NewYork.B.London.C.Paris.18.Whatkindofhotelwillthetouristsstayin?A.Three-starones.B.Four-starones.C.Five-starones.19.Whatwillthetouristsdoattheairport?A.Havebreakfast.B.Meetthetravelagent.C.Dosomeshopping.20.Whatdoesthespeakerremindthetouriststodointheend?A.Bealwaysontime.B.Takecareoftheirbaggage.C.Makeaplanintheirsparetime.其次部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWith60milesofcanalsandnearly7,000buildingsdatingfromthe18thcenturyorearlier,AmsterdamisoneofEurope’sbestpreservedcities.Herearesomeofourfavorites.TheConcertgebouwAfreeclassicalconcertinoneoftheworld’sgreatestconcerthalls?Soundstoogoodtobetrue,buteveryWednesdayatlunchtimethat’sexactlywhat’sonofferattheConcertgebouw.ThelatestseriesjuststartedupagainthismonthandwillrunthroughJune.Youcanpickupafreeticket(oneperperson)onthedayoftheshowstartingat11:30a.m.;theconcerttakesplacefrom12:30p.m.to1p.m.RijksmuseumGardensTakeawalkinthebeautifulformalgardensoftheRijksmuseum,whicharedottedwithfascinatingartworks.There’salife-sizechessboard,afountainbycontemporaryDanishartistJeppeHein,andpost-warclimbingframesbyarchitectAldovanEyck.Thegardensalsohostsculptureexhibitions—currentlythereare21sculpturesonshowbytheSpanishartistJoanMiróuntilOctober11.TheMuziektheaterThisimportantopera,danceandmusicvenuehasfreeweeklylunchtimeconcertsbytopperformersonTuesdaysfrom12:30p.m.to1p.m.intheentrancehall,fromSeptembertoMay.Onceortwiceamonth,theconcertisfollowedbyafreetourofthetheatre—checkthewebsitefordetails.CentralLibraryAttheNetherlands’biggestlibrary,theCentraleBibliotheek,youcanreadtheinternationalpapersforfree,andwhileWi-Fiisn’tcompletelyfree,youcanpurchase30minutesforlittlemorethanadollarbyusingoneoftheticketmachines.Upstairsonthe7thfloorthereisacaféwithabalconythatboastswonderfulcityviews.1.Whichonewouldyoupreferifyouhaveatasteforartworks?A.TheConcertgebouw. B.TheMuziektheater.C.RijksmuseumGardens. D.CentralLibrary.2.WhatcanyoudopriortoyourvisittotheMuziektheater?A.EnjoyclassicalmusicatConcertgebouw.B.Attendthefreeweeklylunchtimeconcert.C.VisitsculptureexhibitionsofJoanMiró.D.TakeawalkintheRijksmuseumGardens.3.WhatisspecialaboutCentralLibrary?A.Wi-Fiinitisfreetouse.B.Youcangetafantasticviewofthecity.C.Itisthebiggestlibraryintheworld.D.Newspapersathomeandabroadarefreetoread.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。阿姆斯特丹是歐洲保存最完好的城市之一，擁有60英里長的運輸河和近7000座18世紀(jì)或更早的建筑。文章介紹了幾個作者最喜愛的建筑?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)RijksmuseumGardens部分第一句“TakeawalkinthebeautifulformalgardensoftheRijksmuseum,whicharedottedwithfascinatingartworks.”（在瑞典國立博物館漂亮而正式的花園中漫步，那里點綴著迷人的藝術(shù)品。）可知，假如你對藝術(shù)品有品嘗，你會偏愛RijksmuseumGardens。故選C?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)TheMuziektheater部分第一句和其次句“Thisimportantopera,danceandmusicvenuehasfreeweeklylunchtimeconcertsbytopperformersonTuesdaysfrom12:30p.m.to1p.m.intheentrancehall,fromSeptembertoMay.Onceortwiceamonth,theconcertisfollowedbyafreetourofthetheatre—checkthewebsitefordetails.”（從9月到5月，這個重要的歌劇、舞蹈和音樂場館每周二中午12:30到下午1點在門廳實行由頂級表演者主持的免費午餐音樂會。每個月一到兩次，音樂會之后會有免費參觀劇院的機會——詳情可在網(wǎng)站上查詢。）可知，在你參觀Muziektheater之前，你可以參與每周一次的免費午餐音樂會。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)CentralLibrary部分第一句中的“AttheNetherlands’biggestlibrary,theCentraleBibliotheek,youcanreadtheinternationalpapersforfree”（在荷蘭最大的圖書館——中心圖書館，你可以免費閱讀國際報紙）可知，在中心圖書館國內(nèi)外報紙都可以免費閱讀。故選D。BThatyoungstersweregluedtoonlinegamesontheirsmartphoneswasagreatconcernforNgurangMeena,aschoolteacherinNirjuli.The30-year-oldsocialscienceteacher,whorantheNgurangLearningInstitute,anadultliteracycentre,saidthatshefeltdisheartenedwhenshereadstudentpapers.“Thegraphofstudentperformanceisfallingeveryyear.ItbreaksmyheartwheneverIseeanswersheets—basicgrammarskillsaremissingandthere'sanabsenceofanycohesive(連貫性的)expression.Theylackguidanceandreadingcultureisalmostzero,”Meenasaid.Whenherschoolandthecentresheranhadtocloseduetoinfectiousdiseases,sheplannedtodosomethingtoaddresstheproblem.InspiredbyasimilarproposalinMizoram,Meenasetupabookshelfwitharound80booksaswellassomebenchesonthesideoftheroadinNirjulionAugust30th,2024,wherepassers-bycouldspendtimereading.Theselectionsincludedmotivationalbooks,biographiesandnovelsaswellascomicsforyoungchildren.“Ihavetopleasetheminorswithsweetstositandread,butthatisokay,”shelaughed.Meena'sbookshelfbecameahitamongyoungsterswhospenthoursinthereadingcorner.Withintwomonths,hereffortbecamethetalkofthetown.Now,generouscontributionsofbookscomeinfromthepublicandsheisevenreceivingrequeststosetupsuchlibrariesinotherpartsofthestate,includingoneinthecapital,Itana-gar.Sincethetinylibrariesarefarfromthemaintown,shealsolendsbooksouttothosewhowanttoreadathome.“Ineverthoughtthatthiswouldbecomesuchabiginspiration,”Meenasaid.“Sincechildhood,wehavebeentoldthatbooksareourbestfriends.Thenextgenerationofkidsisfocusedongamesandotherthings.Idon'twantthemtoheadonthewrongtrack,”sheadded.4.What'stheaimofMeena'sreadingprogram?A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofreadingforadults. B.Tohelpadultslearnsomecohesiveexpression.C.TokeepNgurangLearningInstituterunningwell. D.Tocareforyoungsterslackinginreading.5.WhatdidMeenadotoencourageyoungkidstoreadmore?A.Sheprovidedthemwithtransportation. B.Sheofferedsomerewardstothem.C.Shechosenovelswithbeautifulcovers. D.Sheselectedbookscoveringeverycategory.6.Whatdoestheunderlined“this”refertointhelastparagraph?A.People’sgenerouscontributionsofbooks. B.Hersettingupthereadingcorner.C.People’srequesttosetuplibraries. D.Youngpeople’spassionforreading7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheRoadsideReadingCorner B.Books:SourcesofKnowledgeC.TheLibrary:aParadisefortheYoung D.NewIdeasaboutSettingaReadingPlan【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。一位名叫Meena的女老師發(fā)覺孩子們?nèi)狈﹂喿x后，確定開設(shè)一個路邊的讀書角，以激勵他們多讀書?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Theylackguidanceandreadingcultureisalmostzero,”Meenasaid.Whenherschoolandthecentresheranhadtocloseduetoinfectiousdiseases,sheplannedtodosomethingtoaddresstheproblem.(Meena說：“他們?nèi)狈χ笇?dǎo)，閱讀文化幾乎為零?！碑?dāng)她的學(xué)校和所經(jīng)營的中心由于傳染病而不得不關(guān)閉時，她安排實行措施解決這一問題)”可知，Meena要解決孩子們?nèi)狈﹂喿x的問題，因此她的讀書安排就是為了關(guān)愛那些缺乏閱讀的孩子們。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中““Ihavetopleasetheminorswithsweetstositandread,butthatisokay,”shelaughed.(“我必需用糖果取悅未成年人，讓他們坐著看書，但這沒關(guān)系?！彼χf道)”可知，Meena得嘉獎孩子們一些糖果，讓他們坐下來閱讀。故選B。【6題詳解】詞句揣測題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Now,generouscontributionsofbookscomeinfromthepublicandsheisevenreceivingrequeststosetupsuchlibrariesinotherpartsofthestate,includingoneinthecapital,Itana-gar.Sincethetinylibrariesarefarfromthemaintown,shealsolendsbooksouttothosewhowanttoreadathome.(現(xiàn)在，公眾慷慨地捐贈書籍，甚至有人要求她在該州的其他地方建立這樣的圖書館，包括在首都伊塔那加。由于這些小圖書館遠(yuǎn)離主要城鎮(zhèn)，她也把書借給那些想在家讀書的人)”可知，設(shè)置閱讀角的行為引起了公眾的關(guān)注，大家起先捐贈書籍，甚至有人要求在其他地方建立這樣的圖書館，所以Meena說她從未想過自己設(shè)置閱讀角這件事會如此鼓舞人心。即劃線詞意思指的是“她設(shè)置閱讀角”。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段中“InspiredbyasimilarproposalinMizoram,Meenasetupabookshelfwitharound80booksaswellassomebenchesonthesideoftheroadinNirjulionAugust30th,2024,wherepassers-bycouldspendtimereading.(受到Mizoram類似提議的啟發(fā)，Meena于2024年8月30日在Nirjuli的路邊建立了一個約80本書的書架以及一些長椅，路人可以在這里花時間閱讀)”結(jié)合本文主要講了一位女老師開設(shè)路邊的讀書角的故事。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“路邊閱讀角”。故選A。CEngineersinUpstateNewYorkhaveinventedafoldedpaperdevicethatlookslikeadecoratedartproject.Butdon'tbefooled.Thisisactuallyapaper-basedbattery.No,itdoesn'tlooklikeanyofthosemetalbatteriesrunningflashlightsorsmartphones.Inthesesystems,thebatterycanbeprintedonapage.Thebattery'spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.“Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,”Choisays.“Theyarecheapandself-repairing.”Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode（正負(fù)極）.They'realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.8.Whatmakesthepaper-basedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?A.Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones.B.Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.C.Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices.D.Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.9.Whatcanthepaper-basedbatteriesdo?A.Powertinydevices. B.Lowerbloodsugarlevels.C.Producemuchelectricity. D.Changechemicalsinthepaper.10.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theapplicationofthenewbattery.B.Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.C.Theintentiontoinventthedevice.D.Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-basedbatteries?A.Defensive. B.Optimistic.C.Doubtful. D.Ambiguous.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了紙基電池的原理，這種電池可以通過微生物進(jìn)行充電，同時，該電池也可以運用在醫(yī)學(xué)方面，如測試血糖等。研發(fā)團(tuán)隊則在找尋能使該電池儲存更多電量的方法。該電池最大的優(yōu)勢是可以隨時隨地折疊起來帶走?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。其次段最終兩句提到“Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.”這種電池是不須要外接發(fā)電設(shè)備進(jìn)行充電，只須要細(xì)菌就可以充電了，這是該電池與傳統(tǒng)電池的不同之處。故選B。【9題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。第三段第三句提到“Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces”紙基電池不會儲存很多的電量，但這些電量還是能遠(yuǎn)程支持一些小型設(shè)備或運用在一些危急的地方，A項符合題意，故選A?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。第四段第一句提到“Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood”，這項獨創(chuàng)是基于百年前的一項視察，即微生物在消化食物的時候會產(chǎn)生電量。因此，科學(xué)家們“Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells”依據(jù)這一原理將生物電池成為微生物燃料電池。由此可知，第四段介紹了生物電池的工作原理，D項符合文意。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。最終一段最終一句提到“Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem”該電池的優(yōu)點是，人們可以簡潔地通過折疊來連接它們。作者用到beauty“優(yōu)點”一詞來說明該設(shè)備，說明作者對于該設(shè)備持一種主動的看法。A.Defensive.保守的，B.Optimistic.樂觀的，C.Doubtful.懷疑的，D.Ambiguous.不明確的。B項符合文意，故選B。DWhileweknowthatlanguagefirstappearedamongHomosapiens(智人)somewherethousandsofyearsago,thesecrettohowlanguageevolvedisstillunknown,andmainstreamtheoriesfallintotwodistinctlydifferentcamps.Onewidelyheldtheoryisthatlanguagecameaboutasanevolutionaryadaptation.Thatwaswheretheideaofnaturalselectioncameintoplay,whichwasthebeliefthatthespecificphysicalfeaturesofapopulationmadethatpopulationmorelikelytosurviveitsenvironment,liketheturtle(海龜)anditsshell.Ononehand,humansneededtocommunicatewitheachotherinordertohunt，farmanddefendthemselvessuccessfullyfromthesurroundingsevereenvironment.Beingabletocommunicatebyusinglanguagegavethehumanspeciesadistinctsurvivaladvantage.Ontheotherhand,languagewasneededforsocialinteraction,accordingtothosewhosubscribedtotheadaptationtheory.Intheirpaper“NaturalLanguageandNaturalSelection,”researchersStevenPinkerandPaulBloomtheorizedthataseriesofcallsorgesturesevolvedovertimeintocombinations,givinguscomplexcommunication,orlanguage.Asthingsbecamemorecomplicatedaroundthem，humansneededamorecomplexsystemtoconveyinformationtooneanother.Earlymansawagroupofdeerhewantedtohunt.Hemadeasoundtohishuntingpartnerthatmeans“deerarenearby.”O(jiān)neday,astormcameinandthehunternoticedthatthunderscaredthedeeraway.Asaresult,thehunterwenthungryuntilthestormpassed.Overtime,thesamehunteralsolearnedtorecognizethewarningsignsforbadweather-darkskiesandincreasedwind.Earlymanrealizedthatwhentheskydarkenedandthewindpickedup,heneededtotellhishuntingpartnertospeedupthepursuitofthedeer.Therefore,hecameupwithaseriesofsoundsthatrefertoboththedeerandthebadweather.Thatseriesofsoundswasthebeginningofanevolutionaryadaptationthateventuallybecamelanguage.Ashumanslearnedmoreabouthowtobestsurvive,theydevelopedaneedtoconveythesesurvivalmethodstotheirpopulation.Tobebrief,that'stheadaptationtheory.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theevolutionoflanguage.B.Thepaperonnaturalselection.C.Thedifferencesbetweentheories.D.Theintroductiontohumanreproduction.13.Whyaretheturtleanditsshellmentionedinparagraph2?A.Toshowthemysteryofnature.B.Tosupporttheevolutionaryadaptation.C.Tostresstheadvantageoftheturtle'sshell.D.Toencouragepeopletostudynaturalselection.14Howdoestheauthorexplaintheadaptationtheoryinparagraph3?A.Bycomparing. B.Bylistingdata.C.Bycarryingoutasurvey. D.Bygivinganexample.15.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytellusnext?A.Theexactplacewherehumanscamefrom.B.Theothertheoryofhowlanguageevolved.C.Thereasonswhyanimalscannotformlanguage.D.Themethodsofhumans'shapingnon-verbalthinking.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了語言是如何進(jìn)化的?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段“WhileweknowthatlanguagefirstappearedamongHomosapiens(智人)somewherethousandsofyearsago,thesecrettohowlanguageevolvedisstillunknown,andmainstreamtheoriesfallintotwodistinctlydifferentcamps.”（雖然我們知道語言最早是在幾千年前的智人中出現(xiàn)的，但語言如何發(fā)展的隱私仍舊未知，主流理論分為兩個迥然不同的陣營）以及其次段“Onewidelyheldtheoryisthatlanguagecameaboutasanevolutionaryadaptation.”（一種廣泛接受的理論是語言是一種進(jìn)化適應(yīng)。）可知，本文主要介紹了語言是如何進(jìn)化的。故選A項?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段前兩句Thatwaswheretheideaofnaturalselectioncameintoplay,whichwasthebeliefthatthespecificphysicalfeaturesofapopulationmadethatpopulationmorelikelytosurviveitsenvironment,liketheturtle(海龜)anditsshell.（那就是自然選擇的想法起先起作用的地方，即人們信任種群的特定物理特征使該種群更有可能幸存于其環(huán)境中，例如海龜及其殼。）可知，作者提到海龜和龜殼是為了支持本段的中心論點：語言是作為一種進(jìn)化適應(yīng)而產(chǎn)生的。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段Asthingsbecamemorecomplicatedaroundthem，humansneededamorecomplexsystemtoconveyinformationtooneanother…Therefore,hecameupwithaseriesofsoundsthatrefertoboththedeerandthebadweather.（隨著四周事物變得越來越困難，人類須要一種更困難的系統(tǒng)來彼此傳遞信息。因此，他想出了一系列指代鹿和天氣的聲音）可知，作者描述一個打獵的場景來說明語言的進(jìn)化論，即用舉例的方式來說明適應(yīng)理論。故選D項。【15題詳解】推理推斷題。第一段“WhileweknowthatlanguagefirstappearedamongHomosapiens(智人)somewherethousandsofyearsago,thesecrettohowlanguageevolvedisstillunknown,andmainstreamtheoriesfallintotwodistinctlydifferentcamps.”（雖然我們知道語言最早是在幾千年前的智人中出現(xiàn)的，但語言如何發(fā)展的隱私仍舊未知，主流理論分為兩個迥然不同的陣營）可知，主流理論分為兩個迥然不同的陣營，再依據(jù)最終一段“Ashumanslearnedmoreabouthowtobestsurvive,theydevelopedaneedtoconveythesesurvivalmethodstotheirpopulation.Tobebrief,that’stheadaptationtheory.”（隨著人們對如何最佳生存的了解越來越多，他們起先須要將這些生存方法傳達(dá)給他們的人們。簡而言之，這就是適應(yīng)理論。）可知，兩個不同的陣營，作者列舉了其中的一種。由此推知，作者接下來最可能會告知我們另一個語言進(jìn)化理論。故選B項。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoChooseYourPurpose-FilledCareerWhenyouthinkaboutchoosingacareer,youoftendoitinthefollowingtwoways.____16____.Ifyoulikewritingordoingcrafts,youmightconsiderthesethings.Thisisnotabadwaytogo,ofcourse,butyoucan’talwaysmakemoneydoingthingsyoulike(likevideogamesordrinkingbeer).Andsometimesthingsyoulikearebetterasahobbyorsidepassion.Thinkaboutawell-paidjobthatyoucandoanddoesn’tsoundsobad.Maybeadoctor,engineerorlawyer?Ormaybethat’soutofyoureducationalreach,soyouchooseofficeorretailworker.___17___butoftentheyarenotsomethingyou’rereallypassionateabout.It’skindoflikejustdoingsomethingbecauseit’sthere--notveryinspired.However,there’sanotherwaythatisperhapsbetter:____18____.Forexample,takingcareofchildren,becauseyoureallywanttohelpchildrengetagreatstartinlife,orblossomintowhotheywanttobeorgettingintogovernmentorsocialworktoimprovetheconditionsofthecommunityyouliveinorbecomingascientisttohelpeasetheenvironmentalcrisisorfindacureforaterribledisease.____19____andifyouchooseoneofthemforthatpurpose,youwillserveinthatworkfeelingasenseofpurposeeachday.Thereareendlesswaystodothat.Thepointisn’thowyouservetheworld,butjustservingtheworldinsomewaywillhelpyoufeelfilledwithpurpose.____20____.A.TheseareallgreatchoicesB.ThinkaboutwhatyouliketodoC.YoucanidentifyyourpurposeandworkouthowtogetthereD.EachoftheseisjustoneofmanypossibilitiesfilledwithpurposeE.TrytodosomethingtoserveacommunityormaketheworldbetterF.Thesooneryoucompletethetrainingrequirements,thesooneryouwillmakealivingG.Ifyouchooseapurposefulandenjoyablejob,you’realwaysfurtheralongthanmostpeople【答案】16.B17.A18.E19.D20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹如何選擇對你富有意義的職業(yè)?！?6題詳解】上文“Whenyouthinkaboutchoosingacareer,youoftendoitinthefollowingtwoways.（當(dāng)你考慮擇業(yè)時，你通常會用以下兩種方式來選擇。）”說明接下來將會分別介紹兩種選擇職業(yè)的方法。下文“Ifyoulikewritingordoingcrafts,youmightconsiderthesethings（假如你喜愛寫作或做工藝品，你可以考慮這些事情）”說明可以把自己喜愛做的事當(dāng)成職業(yè)。B項“Thinkaboutwhatyouliketodo（想想你喜愛做什么）”能夠概括本段的內(nèi)容。故選B項?！?7題詳解】上文“Maybeadoctor,engineerorlawyer?Ormaybethat’soutofyoureducationalreach,soyouchooseofficeorretailworker.（或許是醫(yī)生、工程師或律師？又或許這超出了你的教化實力范圍，所以你選擇了辦公室職員或零售員。）”介紹了一些可能的職業(yè)選擇。下文“butoftentheyarenotsomethingyou’rereallypassionateabout.（但它們往往不是你真正感愛好的事情。）”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明空處講的是對這樣這些職業(yè)的總結(jié)和概括。A項“Theseareallgreatchoices（這些都是很好的選擇）”承接上文且與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語境。故選A項?！?8題詳解】上文“However,there’sanotherwaythatisperhapsbetter（然而，還有另一種可能更好的方法）”說明接下來要講另一種選擇職業(yè)的方法。下文“Forexample,takingcareofchildren,becauseyoureallywanttohelpchildrengetagreatstartinlife,orblossomintowhotheywanttobeorgettingintogovernmentorsocialworktoimprovetheconditionsofthecommunityyouliveinorbecomingascientisttohelpeasetheenvironmentalcrisisorfindacureforaterribledisease.（例如照看孩子，因為你真的想幫助孩子獲得一個良好的開端或者變成他們想成為的人；或者做政府或社會工作來改善你居住的社區(qū)的條件；或者成為一名科學(xué)家，幫助緩解環(huán)境危機，或者找到治愈一種可怕疾病的方法。）”列舉了一些更有意義的職業(yè)選擇。E項“Trytodosomethingtoserveacommunityormaketheworldbetter（試著做些事情來服務(wù)社區(qū)或者讓世界變得更好）”承上啟下，符合語境。故選E項?！?9題詳解】下文“andifyouchooseoneofthemforthatpurpose,youwillserveinthatworkfeelingasenseofpurposeeachday.（假如你為了這個目而選擇其中一個，你就會在工作中每天都有使命感。）”說明有目標(biāo)地選擇職業(yè)的好處。D項“Eachoftheseisjustoneofmanypossibilitiesfilledwithpurpose（這其中的每一種都只是眾多充溢目的的可能性中的一種）”中的purpose和下文中thatpurpose相呼應(yīng)，說明選擇這些職業(yè)就會充溢目的性，引出下文。故選D項。【20題詳解】上文“Thepointisn’thowyouservetheworld,butjustservingtheworldinsomewaywillhelpyoufeelfilledwithpurpose.（重要的不是你如何為這個世界服務(wù)，而是只是以某種方式為這個世界服務(wù)會讓你感到充溢目標(biāo)。）”。說明選擇一些有意義的工作帶給你目標(biāo)感。G項“Ifyouchooseapurposefulandenjoyablejob,you’realwaysfurtheralongthanmostpeople（假如你選擇了一份有目的且好玩的工作，你總是比大多數(shù)人走得更遠(yuǎn)）”進(jìn)一步說明選擇一份有目標(biāo)的工作帶給你的意義，承接上文，符合語境。故選G項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Asisoftenthecase,childhoodwasthehappiesttimeofourlives.But,thatwasnot____21____forme,atleastbetweentheagesof10to12.Iwaspractically____22____bymyparents,whoseemedonlyinterestedintheirnever-endingmoneymaking.Iwas____23____,aloneratschooltoo,dislikedbymyclassmatesforgettinggoodgrades.Longingfor____24____,Ifellintodespairandstartedthinkingaboutdeath.Whileontheschoolfieldtrip,Ilostmyfootingandslippedintoamarsh(沼澤)andgotmy____25____muddy.Asluckwouldhaveit,outofnowhere,anangel,inthe____26____ofanativewoman,lentmeahelpinghand.She____27____metohersmallcottageandhelpedmechangemywettrousers.Shemademeeatfrom____28____littlefoodshehad,andtoldmefunnystories,____29____tocheermeup.Thatladysavedme.Shesavedmybeliefinthe_____30_____ofpeople.Icametorealizethatwhateverhappens,therearegoodthingsintheworld,whichyoucan_____31_____forexistence.AnotherthingInoticedwasthatthelady,thoughshelivedin_____32_____surroundings,seemeddelighted.Irealizedthatlifeisbeautifulifweloveit.Onlythosewhoare_____33_____theirlifecanreallyunderstandwhathappinessreallyis.Idroppedtheideaofendingmy_____34_____.ImustthankthatkindladyforwhatIhadneverexperiencedtillthen._____35_____someone'slifewithkindnessisworthallthetreasureintheworld.21.A.rational B.acceptable C.true D.abnormal22.A.discriminated B.ignored C.abused D.missed23.A.helpless B.friendless C.invisible D.transparent24.A.freedom B.schooling C.company D.affection25.A.backpack B.coat C.glasses D.trousers26.A.form B.absence C.direction D.face27.A.fetched B.followed C.pointed D.took28.A.what B.so C.how D.such29.A.demanding B.offering C.attempting D.pursuing30.A.honesty B.kindness C.ability D.wisdom31.A.relyon B.contributeto C.devoteto D.weighup32.A.luxurious B.unpleasant C.unfamiliar D.natural33.A.seriousabout B.proudof C.contentwith D.accustomedto34.A.trip B.ambition C.exploration D.life35.A.Changing B.Rekindling C.Creating D.Interfering【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.C25.D26.A27.D28.A29.C30.B31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。童年并不華蜜的作者，被父母忽視、沒有摯友，甚至被同學(xué)厭煩，讓作者一度陷入了抑郁，想結(jié)束生命。直到作者遇到了一個好心的婦女，婦女的和善變更了作者的生活，讓作者放棄了輕生的念頭。作者感謝她給了自己從未經(jīng)驗過的一切?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，這對我來說不是真的，至少對10到12歲的孩子來說不是。A.rational理性的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.true真實的；D.abnormal異樣的。依據(jù)上文but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，童年不是作者一生中最歡樂的時間，所以這句話對作者來說并不是真的。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父母事實上忽視了我，他們好像只對他們永無止境的賺錢感愛好。A.discriminated卑視；B.ignored忽視；C.abused虐待；D.missed錯過。結(jié)合后文“whoseemedonlyinterestedintheirnever-endingmoneymaking”可知作者的父母只顧掙錢，忽視了作者。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有摯友，在學(xué)校也是一個孤獨的人，因為成果好而被同學(xué)們厭煩。A.helpless無助的；B.friendless沒有摯友的；C.invisible看不見的；D.transparent透亮的。結(jié)合后文“aloneratschooltoo”可知作者沒有摯友，在學(xué)校也是孤獨一個人。故選B。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于渴望有人陪伴，我陷入了抑郁，并起先思索死亡。A.freedom自由；B.schooling學(xué)校教化；C.company陪伴；D.money錢。結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容“Iwaspractically____2____bymyparents,whoseemedonlyinterestedintheirnever-endingmoneymaking.Iwas____3____,aloneratschooltoo,dislikedbymyclassmatesforgettinggoodgrades.”可知作者被父母忽視、沒有摯友，還被同學(xué)厭煩，所以作者是渴望陪伴的。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在學(xué)校郊游時，我失足滑進(jìn)了沼澤地，把褲子弄臟了。A.backpack背包；B.coat外套；C.glasses眼鏡；D.trousers褲子。依據(jù)后文中“trousers”可知是弄臟了褲子。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，不知從哪冒出來一個天使，以一個土著婦女的形式，向我伸出了救濟(jì)之手。A.form形式；B.absence缺席；C.direction方向；D.face臉。依據(jù)上文“Asluckwouldhaveit,outofnowhere,anangel”可知，在作者看來，是天使向她伸出救濟(jì)之手，而天使是以一位當(dāng)?shù)貗D女的形式出現(xiàn)的。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她把我?guī)У剿男∥?，幫我換了濕褲子。A.fetched去拿；B.followed跟隨；C.pointed指出；D.took拿；取。依據(jù)后文“metohersmallcottage”可知婦女帶作者到自己的小屋。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：她給我吃她僅有的一點點食物，還給我講好玩的故事，試圖讓我振作起來。A.what多么；B.so因此；C.how如何；D.such如此。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，只有what可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，修