考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷4（共190題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷4（共9套）（共190題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Today,atthepushofabutton,youcandownloadandprintthewholeofDante'sDivineComedy,usingonlyacomputer,anInternetconnection,apavingstoneofpaperandasmallbucketofink.Technically,theserviceisfree,althoughitwouldbeeasierandcheapersimplytobuythebook,whichcouldthenbereadinthebath,whilesavingonprintercartridgesandtrees.ThenewserviceisthelateststepinthestatedgoalofGoogle,theInternetsearchengine,"toorganizetheworld'sinformationandmakeituniversallyaccessibleanduseful"and,althoughfewmayberushingtoprintouttheDigitizedDante,itmarksanimportantdevelopmentinworldliterature.Forsome,makingbooksavailableonlineforfreedownloadrepresentsaparadisefound;others,includinganumberofworriedpublishersandwriters,fearitmaypointthewaytotheninthcircleofhell.Google'sBookSearchserviceisjustonepartoftheLibraryProject,inwhichtheInternetenginehasteamedupwithlibrariesaroundtheworld,includingtheBodleianinOxford,todigitizecollectionsandmakemillionsofbooksavailableandsearchableonline.Atfirstsight,thenotionofalimitlessdigitallibraryseemsirresistible,asingle,freerepositoryaccessiblefromeverycorneroftheglobe.PartnersintheLibraryProjectsaythesystemwillenableuserstoaccessnotjusttheclassics,butalsomuchmoreobscureworks:forgottennovels,scientificaccounts,illustrationsandneglectedpoetry.Moribundbooksmaybebroughtbacktolife.Librariansareoftenfrustratedattheunseengemsintheircollectionsgatheringdust.Nowthewholelotcanbedigitallystackedonanendlessvirtualshelf,tobebrowsedbyanyonewithacomputermouse.Theproblemliesnotwithdigitalizingdeadorundeadbooks,butthepotentialdangertothosethatstillhavecommerciallifeinthemintheformofcopyrightGoogleisquicktopointoutthatthebooksavailablefordownloadthroughBookSearcharealloutofcopyright.Indeed,whileEuropeanlawallowscopyrighttoexpire70yearsafteranauthor'sdeath,thenewservicedoesnotofferanythingpublishedlaterthanthemid-19thcentury.Somepublishers,however,seetheavailabilityoffreebooksfordigitaldownloadasthethinendofaverylargewedgethatcouldsplitliteraturebyundernuningcopyrightitself.LastyeartheAssociationofAmericanPublishersfiledsuitagainstGoogleclaimingthatbyscanning100percentofabook(tomakeitsearchablebyword)thecompanyisinfringingcopyright,evenifonlyasmallexcerptisthenavailableforfree.Silenceisgoldeninalibrary;butthelawofcopyrightisbeyondprice.1、Dante’sDivineComedyismentionedinParagraph1toillustrateA、theeasyaccessibilityofonlinedigitalbooks.B、theconvenienceofdownloadingandprintingdigitalbooks.C、thatbooksdownloadedandprintedarecheaperthanordinarybooks.D、thatitisenvironmentallyfriendliertodownloaddigitalbooks.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位首段第一句，句中usingonly充分說明了下載電子書籍的便捷，故選B。2、ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatA、Google’snewserviceisgoingtobeasmashingsuccess.B、peoplearehelplesslyobsessedwiththeDigitalizedDante.C、opinionsvarytowardsfreedownloadingofonlinebooks.D、peopleembracetheideaofmakingbooksonlineforfreedownload.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的Forsome和others可判斷人們觀點(diǎn)不一，C項(xiàng)與之符合。3、Weknowfromthetextthattheauthorperceivestheconceptof"alimitlessdigitallibrary"(line1,Paragraph3)asA、irresistible.B、convenient.C、disastrous.D、problematic.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在第三段論述了數(shù)字化圖書館的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在第四段首句指出“問題的關(guān)鍵在于那些以版權(quán)形式存在且仍具有商業(yè)價(jià)值的書很可能遭遇侵權(quán)”，因此，作者認(rèn)為其做法仍有不妥，選D。4、Whatdoes"thethinendofaverylargewedge"(Line6,Paragraph4)mostprobablyimply?A、Google’snewservicewillgraduallyinfringeoncopyrightandeventuallyruinliterature.B、Booksshouldnotbedigitalizedanddownloadedforthesakeofcopyrightandliterature.C、Google’snewservicehascausedhugedamagestocopyrightandsplitliterature.D、Google’snewservicewilldivideliteratureintoonlineliteratureandofflineliterature.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)thethinendofawedge定位到第四段第四句，其意為“能夠以小見大的端倪”，俗語“苗頭”。結(jié)果可從接下來的內(nèi)容判斷，即可能侵害版權(quán)、殃及文學(xué)。因此A正確。5、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?A、Google’sBookSearchServiceB、Bingo!DigitalizationofBooksC、Digitalization:ProsandConsD、Silence!AuthorunderThreat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。標(biāo)題選配題即要“還形以神”，要能點(diǎn)出全文最精華的觀點(diǎn)。文章最后一段簡短而有力地表明出版界為保護(hù)利益不再沉默，因此選D。WhenrecruitingatBritishuniversities,PricewaterhouseCoopers,oneoftheBigFourauditingfirmswithitsheadquartersintheNewYorkCity,presentscandidateswithanunusualexercise.Theyareaskedtobuildatallandsturdytowerusingthesmallestpossiblenumberofsnap-togetherLegobricks.Similarly,atGoogleGames,arecruitingeventfirststagedbythesearch-enginegiantinApril,candidatesareinvitedtobuildLegobridges—thestrongerthebetter.Ineachcase,thecompanyistryingtoconveytheideathatitoffersacreative,funworkingenvironment."Itwasasmuchadvertisingasawayoftryingtogetrecruits,"saysBrettDaniel,astudentattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-ChampaignwhobuilttheGoogleGames'weakestbridge.ADanishfirm,basedinBillund,Denmark,hasembracedthecorporateuseofitscoloredplasticbricks.Aspartofaschemecalled"SeriousPlay"itiscertifyingagrowingnumberofprofessionalLegoconsultants,nowpresentin25countries.Theycoachmanagersbygettingthemtobuild"metaphoricalabstractions"ofsuchthingsascorporatestrategy,saysLego'sJesperJensen,whorunsthescheme.HishamEl-GamalofQuest,amanagementconsultancybasedinCairothatoffersSeriousPlayworkshops,saysdemandforthetwo-day,$7,000coursesisbooming.Firmsincrisis,suchasthosecorruptedbyscandalorinthepainsofatakeover,tendtobemostreceptivetotheideaofLegoworkshops,saysFrancoisdeBoissezonofImagics,aconsultancybasedinBrussels.Theresultscanbeembarrassing,particularlyforseniormanagers.TsaiYu-ChenofUGeneMentor,aSeriousPlayconsultancybasedinTaipei,saysacommonexerciseismodeling,butnotnaming,"thepeopleyouhatemost".Onechiefexecutivewasmodeledasafiguresofatthatheblockedahallway,suggestinghewascloggingupthecompany.Legoworkshopsareeffectivebecausechild-likeplayisaformofinstinctivebehaviornotregulatedbyconsciousthought,saysLucioMargulisofJuegoSerio,aconsultancyinBuenosAires.Thisproduces"Eureka"moments:aperfectionistwhorealizestheabsurdityoffrustrationoveranimperfectLegoconstruction;theownerofafirmwithdismalcustomerrelationswhomodelsheadquartersasafortundersiege;oranarrogantbosswhodepictshisstaffassoldiersheadedintobattle.Evenintheoffice,itseems,Legohasaparttoplay.6、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicbyA、posingacontrastB、makingacomparison.C、statingaphenomenon.D、illustratingahypothesis.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。作者在首段舉了兩個(gè)例子，用現(xiàn)象說明樂高玩具被用于公司招聘中，借此引入正文話題，因此正確答案為C項(xiàng)。7、PricewaterhouseCoopersandGoogleGamesincorporateLegoworkshopsintotheirrecruitmentsmainlytoA、checkwhetherthecandidatesgettherequiredoperationskills.B、testwhetherthecandidatesareinnovativeandfunny.C、advertisethemselvesaswellasgetthemosttalentedrecruits.D、attractthecandidateswiththeircreativeandeasyworkingatmosphere.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中PricewaterhouseCoopersandGoogleGames定位到第一、二段。第一段陳述現(xiàn)象，第二段首句就說到“兩個(gè)公司都在嘗試傳達(dá)一個(gè)理念，即公司會(huì)為員工提供一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性、有趣味的工作環(huán)境”，因此D項(xiàng)正確。8、Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto"cloggingup"(Line6,Paragraph4)?A、corrupting.B、obstructing.C、raining.D、betraying.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義理解題。文中提到“某公司首席執(zhí)行官曾被塑造成一個(gè)堵住走廊的大胖子”，suggesting后面的內(nèi)容可以看做是對(duì)其進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步說明，clogup意為“阻礙”，因此B項(xiàng)正確。9、AccordingtoLucioMargulis,aperson’sbehaviorinLegoworkshopsischaracterizedbybeingA、effective.B、childish.C、natural.D、conscious.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)專有名詞LucioMargulis定位到最后一段第一句。他說，“樂高游戲工作室非常有效，因?yàn)楹⑼愕挠螒蚴且环N本能行為”，言外之意就是，他認(rèn)為人們玩樂高游戲的行為是天性本能的，故選C項(xiàng)。10、Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraphaboutthe"Eureka"moments?A、Theyareeffectivebutunconscious.B、Theyarethesuddenrealizationsanddiscoveriesinourlife.C、Theyarethefrustratedanddepressedmomentsinourlife.D、Theyarecommonandunsurprisinginworkplaces.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Eureka”moments定位到最后一段。其實(shí)，冒號(hào)后面舉例說明這種時(shí)刻的性質(zhì)，仔細(xì)分析之后，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些例子實(shí)際上都是辦公室里人們表現(xiàn)出來的某種頓悟，某種突然認(rèn)識(shí)，故B項(xiàng)與此相近。Venturecapitalistshavefounditdifficulttomakeinvestmentsinwindpowerforthefactthatmostwindpowerdemandsquitelarge-scalewindfarmstoproduceelectricity.Newtechnologycouldchangethat.Earlierthismonth,SouthwestWindpower(SWWP)raised$8milliontolaunchasmallgeneratorthatcouldbringwindpowertoindividualhomesandbusinesses."Itwillunlockanextraordinarymarket"saysHapEllis,ageneralpartneratRockPortCapitalPartners,whichledtheround.It'seasytoseewhyMr.Ellisisexcited.Globalwindmarketsgrew47percentto$11.8billionin2005,andareexpectedtoreach$48.5billionin2015,accordingtoCleanEdge,amarketresearchfirm.Withthisdeal,RockPortanditspartnercompaniesmayhavefoundawaytoharnessawindstormthatwasoncethesoledomainofbigutilities.WhileSWWPalreadymakessmallwindturbinesfor"off-grid"customers—thatis,customerstooisolatedtobeconnectedtotheelectricnetwork—ithasonlysoldsome95,000inthelastsevenyears.Thegrid-connectedmarketispotentiallyfarlarger,asMr.Grecoestimates13millionhomescouldusethegrid-connectedtechnologyintheUnitedStatesalone.Butwindpowerhasn'tbeenwidelyusedingrid-connectedhomesandbusinessesbecausethetechnologyrequiresanumberofinvertersandcontrollers,andinstallationiscomplicated,hesays.SWWP'snewturbineismucheasiertouse.Itincludesalltheinverters,controllers,andotherpartsneededtoconnecttothegrid.Theyareallcontainedwithinthebodyofthegenerator,loweringtheproductionandinstallationcosts,saysMr.Greco,whoexpectsaretailpriceofaround$5,500.Atthatprice,theaveragecostperkilowatthourwouldbe$0.08—notincludingsubsidiesavailableinmanystates,hesays.Thatmeanswindcanbeatthecostofregularelectricity,whichintheU.S.averages$0.09perkilowatthour,hesays.Theturbinealsoproduceselectricityatlowerwindspeedsandthebladestopoutatonly300rotationsperminutetoreducenoise,hesays.SWWPestimatesthepotentialgrid-connectedmarketisworthabout$1billion.Thecompanymaderevenuesof"justunder"$10millionin2005,andexpectsa70percentgrowthratethisyearbecauseofthenewproduct,Mr.Grecosays."Wewillbeextremelyprofitablethisyear,"hesays.Let'shopethatMr.Greco'spredictionturnsouttobemorethanjustalotofwind.11、Whyhaveventurecapitalistsfounditdifficulttoinvestinwindpower?A、Investmentinthewindpowermarketishighlyrisky.B、Developmentofwindpowercallsfornewtechnologies.C、Windpowerindustrydidnotdevelopasfastasexpected.D、Investmentinwindpowermaynotbesocosteffective.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。考查因果細(xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。forthefactthat后面的內(nèi)容為原因，即大多數(shù)風(fēng)力發(fā)電都需依靠相當(dāng)大規(guī)模的風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠，隱含意思是風(fēng)力發(fā)電投資巨大，故D項(xiàng)“投資在風(fēng)力發(fā)電上可能不太劃算”與之相符。12、Bysaying"Itwillunlockanextraordinarymarket",Mr.EllisindicatesthatA、thewindpowermarketwasnotexploredinthepast.B、newtechnologyenablesSWWPtotapthepotentiallyhugemarket.C、thenewturbinegivesSWWPacuttingedgeinthemarketcompetition.D、thenewgeneratorofSWWPbringswindpowertoindividualcustomers.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)題干定位在第一段。本句意為“這將開啟一個(gè)非比尋常的市場(chǎng)”，根據(jù)上下文推斷公司有可能利用這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)發(fā)展風(fēng)力發(fā)電市場(chǎng)，故B項(xiàng)正確。13、Windpowerhasnotbeenwidelyusedbygrid-connectedhomesandbusinessesinthatA、itismoreexpensiveandnoisier.B、thetechnologyinvolvediscomplex.C、theyarenotallowedtousewindpower.D、theydon’tgetsubsidiesinmanystates.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。考察因果細(xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)grid-connected定位到第三段。本段最后一句中，because引導(dǎo)的從句說明了風(fēng)能并未在連接了電網(wǎng)的家庭和企業(yè)中廣泛應(yīng)用的原因是該技術(shù)需要大量設(shè)備，而且安裝復(fù)雜，故B項(xiàng)正確。14、AccordingtoMr.Greco,SWWP’snewtribuneA、hasalreadydominatedthe"off-grid"market.B、willfailinthegrid-connectedmarket.C、isinclusive,economicalandeasytooperate.D、willbecomeamoreprofitableproductthanothers.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干Mr．Greco定位到第三、四段。其中C項(xiàng)可根據(jù)文章中“SWWP的新渦輪機(jī)使用起來容易得多，且所有設(shè)備和零件都包含在發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)體里，降低了生產(chǎn)和安裝成本”推斷出。15、Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthelastsentenceofthepassage?A、WehopeMr.Greco’spredictionwillbecometrue.B、Mr.Greco’spredictionwillvanishlikeagustofwind.C、Thenewtechnologywillnotnecessarilybringaboutbenefits.D、ThenewturbinewillnotnecessarilyincreaseSWWP’sprofits.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段。最后一句的意思為“我們希望格列柯先生的預(yù)言不會(huì)是一堆空話”，其中wind是指“空話”，故A項(xiàng)正確。Itwasjustafootnotecomparedwiththemoreinfectiousdisasterthatkilledmillionsmorepeoplein1918,butthe1957influenzapandemicthatsickenedsome25to30percentoftheAmericanpopulationwasamedicalwatershedforthecluesthatitofferedabouthowanewstrainofinfluenzacouldspread.Americansfirstgotawhiffoftheso-calledAsianfluwhenMauriceHilleman,aphysicianatWalterReedHospitalinWashington,D.C.,readaboutanunusuallylargenumberofpeople—some250,000—whohadcomedownwithflu-likesymptomsinHongKong.Concerned,heimmediatelyrequestedsamplesfromAmericanservicemeninAsiaandwithindayshadhisanswer.Thegeneticstructureofthisstrainwaslikenothingimmunologistshadeverseenbefore.WhenthevirusfinallyhitAmerica:"Itwentlikeahouseonfire,"recallsD.AHenderson,thenthechiefoftheUnitedStatesEpidemicIntelligenceService.Worsenedbyschoolopeningsthatfall,thefluspreadsorapidlyfromafewcountiesinLouisianathatjusteightweekslaterithadheavilyinfectedmorethanhalfthecountiesinnearlyall50states.Althoughitwasn'tparticularlypotent,the1957strainkilledabout80,000Americans.Thevictimswerepredominantlytheveryoldandtheveryyoung,althoughtheinfectionoccasionallykilledotherwisehealthyadultsaswell.Pharmaceuticalcompaniesworkedfuriouslytoproduceavaccine,ultimatelydistributingsome40milliondoses.But"theywerejustalittlebittoolate,"saysArnoldMonto,aninfluenzaspecialistattheUniversityofMichigan."Theyonlyhadsignificantdosesavailablewhenthepandemicwaspeaking."Earlier,scarcitiesraisedquestionsaboutwhodeservedthevaccinefirst.Asetofofficialrulesgaveprioritytomilitarypersonnelandnecessarycivicworkers,butthatdidn'tstopmembersoftheSanFrancisco49ersfootballteamfromgettingvaccinatedbeforepoliceandfiremen.Despitesomemanufacturingimprovements,expertssaythesameshortagescouldoccurwithapandemictoday.Andthatconcernhascausedpreparednessofficialstoplanforcommunityinterventionssuchasschoolclosingsandisolationofsickpeople.ButHendersonsays,"Itwon'twork.Andyoudon'tneedabetterexamplethan'57.WhenyougofromjustafewscatteredoutbreaksintheendofAugusttothewholecountryinfectedineightweeks,atatimewhenpeopledidn'ttravelasmuchastheydotodayandcitieswerenotasdenselypopulated,whatdoyouthinkwe'regoingtoseetoday?"Better,hesays,tohavegoodvaccinesandtoensurethatthemedicalsystemcanhandletheextraload.16、Theword"footnote"(Line1,Paragraph1)meansthattheinfluenzain1957A、waslessimportantinAmericanmedicalhistory.B、imposedlittleinfluenceonAmericanpopulation.C、waslessseriousintermsofdeathtoll.D、gotlessattentionofAmericanmedicalexperts.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。這類題型需要根據(jù)上下文推斷出詞語的隱含意義。根據(jù)題干定位在第一段第一句。該句意為“與1918年造成了幾百萬人死亡的災(zāi)難性流感相比，1957年的流感疫情幾乎無足輕重。”所以可推斷1957年的流感疫情造成的死亡人數(shù)相對(duì)較少，C項(xiàng)與之相符。17、ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatA、the1957influenzainfected250,000peopleinAmericaB、Asiawasthecradleofthe1957influenzapandemicinAmerica.C、MauriceHillemanwenttoAsiatoCollectthesampleoftheinfluenzaD、itwasquitetime-consumingtostudythegeneticstructureoftheinfluenza標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。其中講到有關(guān)1957年流感的起源，原文提到firstgotawhiffoftheso-calledAsianflu意為“第一次聽說所謂的亞洲型流感”，以及后文說明香港有大約25萬人感染上了類似流感的癥狀，故判定B項(xiàng)正確。18、Accordingtothesecondparagraph,the1957influenzaA、hadvictimsthroughoutallthestatesoftheUSA.B、wasverypowerfulandinfectiousatthebeginning.C、haditsspreadkeptdownbyschoolopenings.D、hadinfectedboththeeldersandthekids.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段。其中講到1957年流感襲擊美國時(shí)的情況，可以從該段最后一句“其中大部分的受害者都是老人和孩子，當(dāng)然也有少數(shù)青壯年未能幸免?！蓖茢喑鯠項(xiàng)正確。19、Withregardtothevaccine,itcanbeinferredthatA、theproductionofthevaccinewastimelyandsuccessful.B、therewereenoughvaccinesbeforetheinfluenzapeaked.C、notallpeoplegotequalchancetogetvaccinated.D、noneofanyfootballteammembersgotvaccinated.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句Asetofofficialrulesgavepriorityto…可知，官方已明文規(guī)定，部分人事有接種疫苗的優(yōu)先權(quán)，故C項(xiàng)“并不是人人享有均等接種疫苗的機(jī)會(huì)”與之相符。20、ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatA、manufacturingimprovementscaneliminatethevaccineshortagetoday.B、communityinterventionscanpreventthespreadofepidemicstoday.C、the1957influenzawouldbecomemorewide-spreadingtoday.D、itissurethattoday’smedicalsystemcanhandletheextraload.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段，由Henderson的引文可推斷，他要說明的是如果1957年的疫情發(fā)生在今天，它的傳播范圍會(huì)更廣，故C項(xiàng)與之相符。二、閱讀（補(bǔ)全短文）(本題共5題，每題1.0分，共5分。)Computeriseddesign,advancedmaterialsandnewtechnologiesarebeingusedtoproducemachinesofatypeneverseenbefore.ItlooksasifitcamestraightfromthesetofStarWars.Ithasfour-wheeldriveandrisesaboverockysurfaces.Itlowersandraisesitsnosewhengoingupanddownhills.Andwhenitcomestoariver,itturnsamphibious:twohydrojetspoweritalongbyblastingwaterunderitsbody.Thereisroomfortwopassengersandadriver,whositinsideaglassbubbleoperatingelectronic,aircraft-typecontrols.Avehiclesodaringonlandandwaterneedswindscreenwiper—butitdoesn'thaveany.Watermoleculesaredisintegratedonthescreen'ssurfacebyultrasonicsensors.【C1】TheUnusualVehicleThisunusualvehicleistheRacoonwhichisaninventionnotofHollywoodbutofRenault,aratherconservativeFrenchstate-ownedcarmaker,betterknownforitsfamilyhatchbacks.【C2】TheDesignoftheNeoFreedomsThedesignoftheneofreedomsisfirststep.Powerfulcomputer-aideddesign(CAD)systemscanreplacewithaclickofacomputermousehoursoflaboriousworkdoneonthousandsofdrawingboards.【C3】CADinRenaultButRenaultistakingCADfurther.ItclaimstheRacoonistheworld'sfirstvehicletobedesignedwithinthedigitizedworldofvirtualreality.【C4】AutomotiveDesignTransformationbyVirtualRealityRenaultisnotaloneinthinkingthatvirtualrealitywilltransform.InDetroit,Fordisalsoinvestigatingitspotential.JackTelnac,thefirm'sheadofdesign,wouldlikedesignersindifferentpartsoftheworldtoworkmorecloselytogether,linkedbycomputers.Transformingthesecreationsfromvirtualrealitytoactualrealitywillalsobecomeeasier,especiallywithadvancesinmaterials.Firmsthatoncebashedeverythingoutofsteelnowfindthatnewalloysorcompositematerials(whichcanbemadefrommixturesofplastic,resin,ceramicsandmetals,reinforcedwithfibressuchasglassorcarbon)arechangingtherulesofmanufacturing.Atthesametime,oldmaterialskeepgettingbetter,astheirproducerstrytosecuretheirplaceinthefactoryofthefuture.Thiscompetitionisincreasingthepaceofdevelopmentofallmaterials.OnecompanyinthisfieldisScaledComposites.Itwasstartedin1982byBurtRutan,anaviatorwhohasdevisedmanyunusualaircraft.Hiscompanydevelopsandtestsprototypesthathaverangedfrombusinessaircrafttoairracers.IthasalsoworkedoncompositesailsfortheAmerica'sCupyachtraceandonGeneralMotors'Ultralite,a100-mile-per-gallonexperimentalfamilycarbuiltfromcarbonfibre.【C5】RaceBetweentheOldandtheNewReflectedintheRacoonTheRacoonusesconventionalsteelandwhatRenaultdescribesasanew"high-limitelasticsteel"initschassis.Withcompositesitispossibletobuildmanydifferentpartsintoasinglecomponent.Fiat,Italy'sbiggestcarmaker,hasworkedoutthatitcouldreducethenumberofcomponentsneededinoneofitscarbodiesfrom150to16byusingacompositeshellratherthanonemadeofsteel.Aircraftandcarsmayincreasinglybeassembledasiftheywereplastickits.Advancesinenginetechnologyalsomakecarslighter.TheUltralite,whichScaledCompositeshelpedtodesignforGeneralMotors,usesatwo-strokeengineina"powerpod"attherearofthevehicle.TheenginehasbeendevelopedfromanEastGermandesignandweighs40%lessthanaconventionalenginebutproducesasmuchpower.Itisexpectedtoruncleanlyenoughtoqualifyasanultra-lowemissionsvehicleunderCalifornia'stoughnewrules.[A]Complexprogramswereusedtosimulatethevehicleandtheterrainthatitwasexpectedtocross.ThisallowedateamledbyPatrickLeQuement,Renault'sindustrial-designdirector,to"drive"itlongbeforeaprototypeexisted.[B]RenaultbuilttheRacoontoexplorenewfreedomsfordesignersandengineerscreatedbyadvancesinmaterialsandmanufacturingprocesses.Renaultisthinkingaboutstartlinglydifferentcars;otherproducershaveradicalnewideasfortrains,boatsandaeroplanes.[C]Sonewproducts,nomatterhowcomplicated,canbedevelopedmuchfaster.Forthefirsttime,Boeingwillnothavetobuildagiantreplicaofitsnewairliner,the777,tomakesureallthebitsfittogether.ItsCADsystemwilltakecareofthat.[D]Theywoulddomorethanstylecars.Virtualrealitywillallowengineerstopeerinsidetheworkingpartsofavehicle.Designerswillwatchbearingsmove,oilflow,gearsmeshandhydraulicspump.Asthesetechniquescatchon,evenstrangervehiclesarelikelytocomealong.[E]Thissteelis30%lighterthantheusualkind.TheRacoonalsohaspartsmadefromcomposites.Renaultplanstoreplacethepetrolenginewithasmallgasturbine,whichcouldbemadefromheat-resistingceramics,anduseittorunageneratorthatwouldprovidepowerforelectricmotorsateachwheel.[F]Itisgenerallyacceptedthatthenewageoftransitionhascome.Thetraditionaltransportationmeansseemtobeoutofdate.21、【C1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本部分標(biāo)題是TheUnusualVehicle，其下面文字就提到了這種不同尋常的交通工具是浣熊，對(duì)應(yīng)[B]中的重復(fù)論述Racoon，與前文在邏輯上相承接。提示詞different，radicalnewideas與主題句unusual相對(duì)應(yīng)。[B]中的cars，trains，boatsandaeroplanes也與主題句中的vehicle相對(duì)應(yīng)。22、【C2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本部分標(biāo)題是TheDesignoftheNeoFreedoms，[C]中有關(guān)鍵詞new，tobuild與之對(duì)應(yīng)，故為正確選項(xiàng)。23、【C3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本部分標(biāo)題是CADinRenault，講述雷諾公司在CAD方面的情況，首句中指出雷諾在這方面走得較遠(yuǎn)，接下來應(yīng)以實(shí)例證明這個(gè)說法。[A]中有提示語complexprogramswereused以及關(guān)鍵詞drive與之相對(duì)應(yīng)。所以[A]為正確答案。24、【C4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本部分標(biāo)題是AutomotiveDesignTransformationbyVirtualReality，[D]中virtualrealitywillallowengineerstopeerinsidetheworkingpartsofavehicle與此相符合。另外，designers與標(biāo)題中的design相對(duì)應(yīng)，而且[D]中的vehicle提示詞與標(biāo)題中的automotive相符合，所以[D]為正確答案。25、【C5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本部分首句提到浣熊的底盤上有一種新型鋼鐵，[E]中恰巧是對(duì)這種新型鋼鐵以及浣熊其他材料的介紹，承接上文，開啟下文，故為答案。三、閱讀9翻譯句子)(本題共5題，每題1.0分，共5分。)Theinitialfundofgeneralscientificknowledgeisaninvaluableasset,buttheyoungresearchworkershouldhavenoillusionabouthowlittleitiscomparedwithwhatheorsheshouldacquireduringsucceedingyears.Astotheprecisevalueofthisinitialfundofknowledge,thisdependstoagreatdegreeonhowithasbeenacquiredandonwhohasbeenimpartingit.【F1】Youngscientistscannotrealizetoosoonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.Theoriginalpapersofgreatscientistsdescribingtheirdiscoveriesandexplainingtheirtheoriesareneverasrigidandself-confidentastheresumesofthesediscoveriesandtheoriesintextbooksbyothermenoftensuggest.Youngscientistsconsultingtheseoriginalworkswillfindinthem"itappearsthat","itprobablymeans","itseemslikelythat",morethanonce,asexpressionsofelementsofdoubtwhichgreatmenfeltandhonestlyputonrecord.【F2】Manystatementswhichhaveappearedintextbooksasuniversalsandabsolutetruthshave,intheiroriginalform,beenputforwardasonlyapproximatelytrue,ortrueonlyincertaincircumstances.Immediatelyuponstartingonthefirstseriouspieceofresearch,ayoungscientistmustthereforedotwothings.【F3】Thefirstoftheseshouldbeacarefulreadingoforiginalpapersorbooksrelatingtotheproblem,writtenbyinvestigatorswhosetechniqueandjudgmenthecantrust.Whilereadingthesepublicationsinamostattentiveandreceptivemanner,theyoungscientistmustnotfallintotheerrorofplacinginthemagreaterconfidencethantheirauthorwouldwishhimtodo.【F4】Nogreatscientisteverwantshispupilstobemeregramophonerecords,faithfullyreproducinghisremarks,neverquestioninganything,neverwantingtoaddtoorsubtractfromwhathehasgiventhem.Thesecondthingayoungscientistmustdo,almostbutnotquitesimultaneouslywiththefirst,istoproceedwithobservationsandexperiments.【F5】Theinitialobservationsandexperimentswillbefailures,buttheywillhelpthedevelopmentofappropriateexperimentaltechnique,andtheywillgiveagreaterunderstandingoftheliteraturetheyoungscientistisstudying.26、【F1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：年輕科學(xué)家應(yīng)該盡快地認(rèn)識(shí)到，現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)知識(shí)遠(yuǎn)不像許多教科書所敘述的那樣全面、肯定和一成不變。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析27、【F2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：許多論述在教科書中看起來似乎是放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的絕對(duì)真理，而在其原著中它們的表述僅僅是近似正確或在某種情況下才正確的東西。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析28、【F3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：其一，應(yīng)該仔細(xì)閱讀與該項(xiàng)目有關(guān)的研究者的論文和書籍，并且這些論著的作者的技術(shù)和判斷是其所能信賴的。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析29、【F4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：任何大科學(xué)家都不希望自己的學(xué)生成為純粹的留聲機(jī)唱片，忠實(shí)無誤地復(fù)述他的話，而從不提出疑問，從不對(duì)他所講的話有所增刪。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析30、【F5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：起初的觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)可能會(huì)失敗，但是失敗有助于培養(yǎng)掌握恰當(dāng)?shù)膶?shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)，并使年輕科學(xué)家更深入地理解他所研究的文獻(xiàn)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)"Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe'llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,"saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,"somepeoplemayhavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable."Thisyear,50percentofthe910000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging—13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas.Withasmanyas120varietiesi