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5.3平面向量的應(yīng)用(精講)(基礎(chǔ)版)考點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)例題剖析例題剖析考點(diǎn)一證線段垂直【例1-1】(2022·山西運(yùn)城)在平面四邊形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則該四邊形的面積為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.13 D.26【答案】C【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴AC⊥BD,所以四邊形ABCD面積為:SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.【例1-2】(2022·廣東)如圖,在正方形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0為對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0上任意一點(diǎn)(異于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn)),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,垂足分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,求證:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】見(jiàn)解析【解析】設(shè)正方形SKIPIF1<0的邊長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.【一隅三反】1.(2022·四川省峨眉)若平面四邊形ABCD滿足:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則該四邊形一定是(

)A.平行四邊形 B.菱形 C.矩形 D.正方形【答案】B【解析】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以四邊形ABCD為平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以BD垂直AC,所以四邊形ABCD為菱形.故選:B2.(2022·福建·漳州三中)若O為SKIPIF1<0所在平面內(nèi)一點(diǎn),且滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的形狀為(

)A.等腰直角三角形 B.直角三角形 C.等腰三角形 D.等邊三角形【答案】B【解析】SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0因SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0均為非零向量,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是直角三角形.故選:B3.(2022·上海)在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別為邊SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0.求證:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】證明見(jiàn)解析.【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)二夾角問(wèn)題【例2】(2022·全國(guó)·模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知H為SKIPIF1<0的垂心,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】依題意,SKIPIF1<0,同理SKIPIF1<0.由H為△ABC的垂心,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.同理有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.【一隅三反】1.(2022·四川南充·三模(理))在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,CN與BM交于點(diǎn)P,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】建立如圖直角坐標(biāo)系,則SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:D.2.(2022·河南·南陽(yáng)中學(xué))直角三角形ABC中,斜邊BC長(zhǎng)為a,A是線段PE的中點(diǎn),PE長(zhǎng)為2a,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0最大時(shí),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的夾角是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】如圖所示,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的夾角為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)锳是線段PE的中點(diǎn),PE長(zhǎng)為2a,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0最大,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0最大的值為SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.3.(2022·福建省同安第一中學(xué))在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,動(dòng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0位于直線SKIPIF1<0上,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0取得最小值時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的正弦值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】建立如圖所示平面直角坐標(biāo)系:則SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)閯?dòng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0位于直線SKIPIF1<0上,直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為:SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.考點(diǎn)三線段長(zhǎng)度【例3-1】(2022·福建·福州三中)在平行四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.2 D.3【答案】B【解析】由題意得|SKIPIF1<0,由平行四邊形的兩條對(duì)角線的平方和等于四邊的平方和,得:SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0【例3-2】(2022·云南)已知SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則AC邊的中線的長(zhǎng)為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.3 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.4【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)正弦定理由SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,或SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,不符合三角形內(nèi)角和定理,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0,所以有SKIPIF1<0,負(fù)值舍去,即SKIPIF1<0,由余弦定理可知:SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0邊的中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,所以有SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0故選:C【一隅三反】1.(2022·云南師大附中)SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∠A的平分線AD交邊BC于D,已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則AD的長(zhǎng)為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.3 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】如圖,過(guò)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,作SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的平分線,所以SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.2.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】取SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)O,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0M為BC邊上靠近C的三等分點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.3.(2022·重慶南開(kāi)中學(xué))如圖所示在四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0是邊長(zhǎng)為4的等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.3 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,故SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重合,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.4.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0的內(nèi)角A,B,C所對(duì)的邊分別為a,b,c,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0邊上的中線長(zhǎng)為(

)A.49 B.7 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故可得SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)余弦定理可得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,不妨取SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.即SKIPIF1<0邊上的中線長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0.故選:SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)四幾何中的最值【例4】(2022·海南·模擬預(yù)測(cè))在直角梯形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.若線段CD上存在唯一的點(diǎn)E滿足SKIPIF1<0,則線段CD的長(zhǎng)的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】

如圖所示,以A為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0分別為x軸和y軸正方向建立直角坐標(biāo)系.則SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)DE的長(zhǎng)為x,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,由題意知:SKIPIF1<0,且點(diǎn)E存在于CD上且唯一,知CD的長(zhǎng)的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.【一隅三反】1.(2022·安徽安慶)設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中線SKIPIF1<0上一個(gè)動(dòng)點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0,則中線SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)是___________.【答案】3【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0邊中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.于是SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是中線SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0因此SKIPIF1<0故答案為:SKIPIF1<02.(2022·江蘇·無(wú)錫市教育科學(xué)研究院)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是邊長(zhǎng)為2的正三角形SKIPIF1<0的三條邊上任意一點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為_(kāi)__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】不妨假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上且SKIPIF1<0,如下圖示,所以,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<03.(2022·上海市晉元高級(jí)中學(xué))“燕山雪花大如席”,北京冬奧會(huì)開(kāi)幕式將傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)歌文化和現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起,天衣無(wú)縫,讓人們?cè)俅晤I(lǐng)略了中國(guó)悠久的歷史積淀和優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化恒久不息的魅力.順次連接圖中各頂點(diǎn)可近似得到正六邊ABCDEF.若正六邊形的邊長(zhǎng)為1,點(diǎn)P是其內(nèi)部一點(diǎn)(包含邊界),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為_(kāi)__________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)與SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)重合時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0方向上的投影最大,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0取得最大值為SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)與SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)重合時(shí),此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,取得的最小值為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.4.(2022·四川省內(nèi)江市第六中學(xué))如圖,在等腰SKIPIF1<0中,已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別是邊SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,若線段SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】在等腰SKIPIF1<0中,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0;∵SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別是邊SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最小值SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)五三角形的四心【例5】(2022·甘肅·蘭州一中)(多選)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0所在的平面內(nèi),則以下說(shuō)法正確的有()A.若SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)O為SKIPIF1<0的重心B.若SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的垂心C.若SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的外心D.若SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的內(nèi)心【答案】AC【解析】對(duì)于A,設(shè)邊SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,即點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在中線SKIPIF1<0上,同理點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在中線SKIPIF1<0上,則SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的重心.故A正確對(duì)于B,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的外心,故B錯(cuò)誤對(duì)于C,設(shè)邊SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)分別為點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為線段SKIPIF1<0的中垂線,同理SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別為線段SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中垂線,所以SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的外心,故C正確對(duì)于D,由已知,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0垂直SKIPIF1<0,也即點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在邊SKIPIF1<0的高上;同理,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0也在邊SKIPIF1<0的高上,所以則SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的垂心,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:AC【一隅三反】1.(2022·全國(guó)·)瑞士數(shù)學(xué)家歐拉在1765年發(fā)表的《三角形的幾何學(xué)》一書(shū)中有這樣一個(gè)定理:“三角形的外心?垂心和重心都在同一直線上,而且外心和重心的距離是垂心和重心距離之半,”這就是著名的歐拉線定理.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)O?H?G分別是外心?垂心和重心,下列四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中結(jié)論正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABC【解析】如圖:根據(jù)歐拉線定理可知,點(diǎn)O?H?G共線,且SKIPIF1<0.對(duì)于A,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;對(duì)于B,G是重心,則延長(zhǎng)AG與BC的交點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為BC中點(diǎn),且AG=2GD,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對(duì)于D,SKIPIF1<0顯然不正確.故選:ABC.2.(2022·廣東·廣州市第二中學(xué))(多選)著名數(shù)學(xué)家歐拉提出了如下定理:三角形的外心、重心、垂心依次位于同一直線上,且重心到外心的距離是重心到垂心距離的一半.此直線被稱為三角形的歐拉線,該定理被稱為歐拉線定理.已知△ABC的外心為O,重心為G,垂心為H,M為BC中點(diǎn),且AB=4,AC=2,則下列各式正確的有(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】BCD【解析】由G是三角形ABC的重心可得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;過(guò)三角形ABC的外心O分別作AB、AC的垂線,垂足為D、E,如圖(1),易知D、E分別是AB、AC的中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故B項(xiàng)正確;因?yàn)镚是三角形ABC的重心,所以有SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,由歐拉線定理可得SKIPIF1<0,故C項(xiàng)正確;如圖(2),由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,D項(xiàng)正確,故選:BCD.3.(2022·全國(guó)·課時(shí)練習(xí))(多選題)已知O是四邊形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)一點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論錯(cuò)誤的是(

)A.四邊形SKIPIF1<0為正方形,點(diǎn)O是正方形SKIPIF1<0的中心B.四邊形SKIPIF1<0為一般四邊形,點(diǎn)O是四邊形SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)角線交點(diǎn)C.四邊形SKIPIF1<0為一般四邊形,點(diǎn)O是四邊形SKIPIF1<0的外接圓的圓心D.四邊形SKIPIF1<0為一般四邊形,點(diǎn)O是四邊形SKIPIF1<0對(duì)邊中點(diǎn)連線的交點(diǎn)【答案】ABC【解析】對(duì)于A,若四邊形SKIPIF1<0為正方形,點(diǎn)O是正方形SKIPIF1<0的中心,則必有SKIPIF1<0,但反過(guò)來(lái),由SKIPIF1<0推不出四邊形SKIPIF1<0為正方形,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于BCD,如圖所示,O是四邊形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)一點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0設(shè)AB,CD的中點(diǎn)分別為E,F(xiàn),由向量加法的平行四邊形法則知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即O是EF的中點(diǎn);同理,設(shè)AD,BC的中點(diǎn)分別為M,N,由向量加法的平行四邊形法則知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即O是MN的中點(diǎn);所以O(shè)是EF,MN的交點(diǎn),故BC錯(cuò)誤,D正確;故選:ABC4.(2022·山東省平邑縣第一中學(xué))(多選)在SKIPIF1<0所在平面內(nèi)有三點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(

)A.滿足SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的外心B.滿足SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的重心C.滿足SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的垂心D.滿足SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為等邊三角形【答案】ABCD【解析】對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)的距離相等,所以SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的外心,故SKIPIF1<0正確;對(duì)于B,如圖所示,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),由SKIPIF1<0得:SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的重心,故B正確;對(duì)于C,由SKIPIF1<0得:SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;同理可得:SKIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的垂心,故C正確;對(duì)于D,由SKIPIF1<0得:角SKIPIF1<0的平分線垂直于SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;由SKIPIF1<0得:SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為等邊三角形,故D正確.故選:ABCD.考點(diǎn)六三角的面積【例6-1】(2022·全國(guó)·高三)點(diǎn)P菱形ABCD內(nèi)部一點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,則菱形ABCD的面積與SKIPIF1<0的面積的比為(

)A.4 B.6 C.8 D.12【答案】B【解析】如圖,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的面積與SKIPIF1<0的面積的比值是6.故選:B.【例6-2】(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為正SKIPIF1<0所在平面上一點(diǎn),且滿足SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0的面積與SKIPIF1<0的面積比值為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.2 D.3【答案】B【解析】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.如圖,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別是對(duì)應(yīng)邊的中點(diǎn),由平行四邊形法則知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,在正三角形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且三角形SKIPIF1<0與三角形SKIPIF1<0的底邊相等,面積之比為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.故選:B【一隅三反】1.(2022·上海交大附中)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0所在平面內(nèi)一點(diǎn),滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的面積與SKIPIF1<0的面積的比值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以O(shè)為SKIPIF1<0的重心,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:A2.(2022·全國(guó)·高三)P是SKIPIF1<0所在平面內(nèi)一點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】由題設(shè),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0共線且SKIPIF1<0,如下圖示:所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:A3.(2022·四川涼山)已知SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)任意一點(diǎn),若滿足SKIPIF1<0,則稱SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)“優(yōu)美點(diǎn)”.則下列結(jié)論中正確的有(

)①若SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的重心;②若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;③若SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的垂心;④若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0邊中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0.A.SKIPIF1<0個(gè) B.SKIPIF1<0個(gè) C.SKIPIF1<0個(gè) D.SKIPIF1<0個(gè)【答案】D【解析】對(duì)于①,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;設(shè)SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的重心,①正確;對(duì)于②,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,取SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0距離SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0距離SKIPIF1<0之比為:SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;又SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0距離SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,②正確;對(duì)于③,由SKIPIF1<0得:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,同理可得:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的垂心,③正確;對(duì)于④,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0邊中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,④正確.故選:D.5.3平面向量的應(yīng)用(精練)(基礎(chǔ)版)題組一題組一證線段垂直1.(2022·全國(guó)·高一課前預(yù)習(xí))在平行四邊形ABCD中,M、N分別在BC、CD上,且滿足BC=3MC,DC=4NC,若AB=4,AD=3,則△AMN的形狀是(

)A.銳角三角形 B.鈍角三角形C.直角三角形 D.等腰三角形【答案】C【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是直角三角形.故選:C.2.(2022·新疆)在△ABC中,若SKIPIF1<0,則△ABC的形狀是(

)A.等腰三角形 B.直角三角形 C.等邊三角形 D.等腰直角三角形【答案】B【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則△ABC為直角三角形.故選:B.3.(2021·浙江)在SKIPIF1<0中,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的形狀為(

)A.等邊三角形 B.等腰三角形C.直角三角形 D.等腰直角三角形【答案】B【解析】取SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的是等腰三角形.故選:B.4.(2022·黑龍江)如圖,正方形ABCD的邊長(zhǎng)為a,E是AB的中點(diǎn),F(xiàn)是BC的中點(diǎn),求證:DE⊥AF.【答案】證明見(jiàn)解析【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0·SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0·SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<02-SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<02SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0·SKIPIF1<0=0,∴SKIPIF1<0⊥SKIPIF1<0,即DE⊥AF.5.(2022·湖南)如圖所示,在等腰直角三角形ACB中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,D為BC的中點(diǎn),E是AB上的一點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,求證:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】證明見(jiàn)解析【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.6.(2022·浙江)如圖所示,若D是△ABC內(nèi)的一點(diǎn),且AB2-AC2=DB2-DC2,求證:AD⊥BC.【答案】證明見(jiàn)解析【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0+SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0+SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<02﹣SKIPIF1<02=(SKIPIF1<0+SKIPIF1<0)2-(SKIPIF1<0+SKIPIF1<0)2=SKIPIF1<02+2e·SKIPIF1<0-2SKIPIF1<0·SKIPIF1<0-SKIPIF1<02,由條件知:SKIPIF1<02=SKIPIF1<02﹣SKIPIF1<02+SKIPIF1<02,所以SKIPIF1<0·SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0·SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0·(SKIPIF1<0-SKIPIF1<0)=0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以AD⊥BC.7.(2022·浙江)如圖,在平行四邊形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,BD,AC相交于點(diǎn)O,M為BO中點(diǎn).設(shè)向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)用SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0表示SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0;(3)證明:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;(3)證明見(jiàn)解析【解析】(1)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0(3)SKIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0題組二題組二夾角問(wèn)題1.(2022·云南)SKIPIF1<0中,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】如圖所示,以SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)為原點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0軸構(gòu)建直角坐標(biāo)系,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,所以SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:A.2.(2022·江西)已知菱形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上一點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的余弦值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,以SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0所在的直線分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0軸建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系如圖所示,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故選:D.3.(2022·江蘇)(多選)已知向量SKIPIF1<0,記向量SKIPIF1<0的夾角為SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0為銳角 B.SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0為鈍角C.SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0為直角 D.SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0為平角【答案】ACD【解析】A.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為銳角,故正確;B.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為鈍角或平角,故錯(cuò)誤;C.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為直角,故正確;D.SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為平角,故正確.故選:ACD4.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的夾角為SKIPIF1<0,若向量SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的夾角是銳角,則實(shí)數(shù)入的取值范圍是:______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0夾角為銳角時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0分別為SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0

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