湖北省武漢市江漢區(qū)高二上學(xué)期新起點(diǎn)摸底考試英語(yǔ)試題

江漢區(qū)2022級(jí)高二新起點(diǎn)摸底考試英語(yǔ)試卷本試卷共12頁(yè)，全卷滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。★?？荚図樌镒⒁馐马?xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答；用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5個(gè)小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthemanprobablydoingnow?A.Doingbusiness.B.Havinganinterview.C.Sharinghisworkingexperience.2.WhywasBensoninthehospitalyesterday?A.Hisbabygotill.B.Helookedafterhisdaughter.C.Hewenttogethismedicine.3.Whatdidthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Tomeetherfriendwithher.B.Todothewoman’swork.C.TomeetTonyforher.4.Whydidn’tJackgetthebook?A.Hewastoobusytogotothelibrary.B.Therewasn’tsuchabookinthelibrary.C.Hedidn’twanttoborrowthebook.5.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.LeavetheshopB.Haveanotherdrink.C.Tastesomehotchocolate.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthewomanbuyasherhusband’sbirthdaypresent?A.Atie.B.Ahat.C.Ashirt.7.Whydidtheassistantrefusetohelpthewoman?A.Thewomanlostthereceipt.B.Theitemhadbeenworn.C.Thewomanwasrude.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatkindofrestaurantistheLotusGarden?A.Indian.B.French.C.Chinese.9.Whereisthemannowprobably?A.InBirmingham.B.InLeeds.C.InSunderland.10HowwillJamesgettoDurham?A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Bybus.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howdidthemanfindtheapartment?A.FromtheInternet.B.Fromanewspaper.C.Fromafriend.12.Whatdoesthemanwantmost?A.Abiglivingroom.B.Abigkitchen.C.Abigbedroom.13.WhatwillthewomanprobablydothisFriday?A.Entertainsomefriends.B.Paythemanavisit.C.Rentanapartment.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WheredoesMarkusuallyreadnewsnow?A.Inanewspaper.B.Inamagazine.C.OntheInternet.15.Whydidthemachinesurprisethewoman?A.Ithasasmallglasswindow.B.Itcanmakeapizzainashorttime.C.Itoffersfourtypesofpizzasatatime.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemachine?A.Itisquitenecessary.B.Itmightnotbepopular.C.Itwillcertainlysucceed.17.Whatisanadvantageofthemachine?A.The24hourservice.B.Tastypizzamadebyit.C.Thelowproductioncost.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdidthespeakerdothatmorning?A.Headmiredthesunrise.B.Hecalleduphiswife.C.HewatchedTVnews.19.Wherewasthespeaker’sson?A.Inanothercountry.B.Intown.C.Inthegarden.20.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?A.Hisfamilylife.B.Ahomefire.C.Anaturaldisaster.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAColorRunatSchoolWhatIsaColorRun?Theeventisusuallyafivekilometeruntimedrun.Participantsaredoused(澆涂上)fromheadtotoeinadifferentcoloredpowderateachkilometermark.ThisactivityinspiredbytheHindufestivalofHoliisperfectforpromotingmunityandhappiness.Acolorrunisafuneventperfectforschools.Itisawaytopromotehealthandactivityamongchildren.Schoolscanchoosewhethertheywanttohostacolorrunbythemselvesorhaveoneorganizedbyaneventorganizer.WhyShouldITakePartinaColorRun?Takingpartinacolorrunwillhelpyouimproveyouroverallphysicalhealth.It’sagreatwaytoburncaloriesandgetout.Youwillalsobeabletomeetnewpeople.HowtoSetUpaSchoolColorRun?TosetupaschoolColorRun,youwillfirstneedtodecidewhattimeyouwantittostart.Then,youwillneedtocontacttheprincipalatyourschool.Theywillthentellyouifthereisenoughspaceavailableatthenamedlocation.Youwillneedtoinformtheclassteachersandincludeinformationinthestudenthandbook.Next,youshouldcontacttheparents/guardiansofthestudentsattheschoolthroughamailedletteroremail.Witheverythinglistedabovepleted,youwillhaveyoureventorganizedandreadytogo!1.WhatdoweknowaboutaColorRun?A.Itseesrunnerscoveredfromheadtotoe. B.ItusedtobeapartofHoli.C.It’sdesignedforschoolsonly D.Itsetsnotimelimit.2.Whatbenefitmaykidsgetfromaschoolcolorrun?A.Betterphysicalhealth. B.Prizemoneyfromtherace.C.Friendshipwiththeprincipal. D.Tshirtswitharainbowpattern.3.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvertise. B.Toinform. C.Toentertain. D.Tocriticize.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了彩色賽跑這一運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)則、好處以及學(xué)校如何建立彩色賽跑。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theeventisusuallyafivekilometeruntimedrun.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目通常是五公里的不計(jì)時(shí)賽跑)”可知，彩色賽跑沒有時(shí)間限制。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Takingpartinacolorrunwillhelpyouimproveyouroverallphysicalhealth.(參加彩色賽跑將幫助你改善你的整體身體健康)”可知，孩子們可以從學(xué)校的顏色跑中讓身體更健康。故選A。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theeventisusuallyafivekilometeruntimedrun.Participantsaredoused(澆涂上)fromheadtotoeinadifferentcoloredpowderateachkilometermark.ThisactivityinspiredbytheHindufestivalofHoliisperfectforpromotingmunityandhappiness.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目通常是五公里的不計(jì)時(shí)賽跑。在每一公里處，參與者從頭到腳都被浸在不同顏色的粉末中。這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)受到印度胡里節(jié)的啟發(fā)，是促進(jìn)社區(qū)和幸福的完美活動(dòng))”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了彩色賽跑這一運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)則、好處以及學(xué)校如何建立彩色賽跑?？赏浦恼碌哪康氖墙榻B彩色賽跑。故選B。BSmokingisevenatraditioninChinesecelebrations.Atmywedding,wehandedoutthetraditionalcandiestopeoplewhocame.Ihadsaidtomywife,Ellen,thathandingoutpacketsofcigaretteswaswrong,asitjustencouragedpeopletocontinueadeadlyhabit.“Butit’straditional,”shereplied,“Peoplewouldthinkweweremeanifwedon’t!”O(jiān)vertheyearsI’vebeengivencigarettesasgiftsandhavealwayshandedthemstraightback.ThismightmakemelookungratefulinChineseeyes,butIcan’tunderstandthelogicbehindhandingsomeoneagiftthatwillcausethemtosmellterrible,haveawfulbreath,andevenworse,killthem.ThisyeartheuniversityIworkathastakentheboldstepofmakingtheentirecampus“smokefree”.Asmystudentsareeitherdoctorsdoingpostgraduatesstudies,ormedicalstudentsontheirwaytobeingdoctors,Ithoughttheywouldbeinfavorofsuchamove,butIwaswrong.Manyofthemhaveplainedtomethattheyseethisasdeprivingthemoftheircivilrightsandthattheyshouldbeallowedtosmokewhenandwheretheylike.WhenIpointedouttothemthatcigarettesdoharmnotonlytothosesmokingthemselves,buteventothosebreathinginsecondhandsmoke,theargumentwasdismissedwithawave.“Thosestudiesaren’tconclusive”,onedoctorreplied.“Besides,mygrandmothertoldmethatsmokingismanly.”Tempting(誘人的)asitwastoaskifshewasalsoadoctor,Ilettheargumentgoandwentoffinsearchofsomefreshair.4.Whichofthefollowingisaconsequenceofsmokingaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itwillleaveyoubreathless. B.Peoplebelieveyouaremean.C.Peoplethinkyouareungrateful. D.Itwillmakeyoursmellunpleasant.5.Whatattitudedomanyoftheauthor’sstudentshavetowardstheentirecampus“smokefree”?A.Objective. B.Unconcerned. C.Negative. D.Positive.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depriving”inparagraph3mean?A.Robbing. B.Accusing. C.Informing. D.Reminding.7.Inwhichcolumnofanewspaperisthistextprobablyfound?A.Technology. B.Entertainment. C.Art. D.Life.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者講述了他自己對(duì)于吸煙及把香煙作為禮物送給別人的看法，并介紹了他在他們學(xué)校發(fā)起的一個(gè)無(wú)煙校園運(yùn)動(dòng)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“...butIcan’tunderstandthelogicbehindhandingsomeoneagiftthatwillcausethemtosmellterrible,haveawfulbreath,andevenworse,killthem.(但我不明白送別人一個(gè)這樣的禮物背后的邏輯，這個(gè)禮物會(huì)讓他們聞起來很難聞，有難聞的口氣，更糟糕的是還會(huì)害死他們)”可知，作者認(rèn)為吸煙會(huì)使人散發(fā)難聞氣味是吸煙帶來的一個(gè)后果。故選D項(xiàng)。5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Asmystudentsareeitherdoctorsdoingpostgraduatesstudies,ormedicalstudentsontheirwaytobeingdoctors,Ithoughttheywouldbeinfavorofsuchamove,butIwaswrong.Manyofthemhaveplainedtomethattheyseethisasdeprivingthemoftheircivilrightsandthattheyshouldbeallowedtosmokewhenandwheretheylike.(由于我的學(xué)生要么是在讀研究生的醫(yī)生，要么是即將成為醫(yī)生的醫(yī)學(xué)生，我以為他們會(huì)贊成這樣的舉動(dòng)，但我錯(cuò)了。他們中的許多人向我抱怨說，他們認(rèn)為這剝奪了他們的公民權(quán)利，他們應(yīng)該被允許在他們喜歡的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)吸煙)”可知，他的學(xué)生們對(duì)他這一做法是否定態(tài)度的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“ThisyeartheuniversityIworkathastakentheboldstepofmakingtheentirecampus“smokefree”.Asmystudentsareeitherdoctorsdoingpostgraduatesstudies,ormedicalstudentsontheirwaytobeingdoctors,Ithoughttheywouldbeinfavorofsuchamove,butIwaswrong.Manyofthemhaveplainedtome...(今年，我所在的大學(xué)邁出了大膽的一步，使整個(gè)校園“無(wú)煙”。由于我的學(xué)生要么是在讀研究生的醫(yī)生，要么是即將成為醫(yī)生的醫(yī)學(xué)生，我以為他們會(huì)贊成這樣的舉動(dòng)，但我錯(cuò)了。他們中的許多人向我抱怨...)”及下文“thattheyshouldbeallowedtosmokewhenandwheretheylike.(他們應(yīng)該被允許在他們喜歡的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)吸煙)”可知，這些學(xué)生認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該被允許隨意吸煙，所以他們會(huì)認(rèn)為我的做法是對(duì)他們權(quán)利的剝奪，由此可知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思和rob意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“SmokingisevenatraditioninChinesecelebrations.Atmywedding,wehandedoutthetraditionalcandiestopeoplewhocame.Ihadsaidtomywife,Ellen,thathandingoutpacketsofcigaretteswaswrong,asitjustencouragedpeopletocontinueadeadlyhabit.“Butit’straditional,”shereplied,“Peoplewouldthinkweweremeanifwedon’t!”(吸煙甚至是中國(guó)人慶祝活動(dòng)中的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)。在我的婚禮上，我們把傳統(tǒng)的糖果分發(fā)給來參加婚禮的人。我曾對(duì)我的妻子艾倫說過，分發(fā)香煙是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)檫@只會(huì)鼓勵(lì)人們繼續(xù)這個(gè)致命的習(xí)慣。她回答說：‘但這是傳統(tǒng)，如果我們不這么做，人們會(huì)認(rèn)為我們很吝嗇!’)”并結(jié)合全文可知，本文從自己生活及工作中的吸煙問題闡述事實(shí)及自己的觀點(diǎn)。由此可知，本文主題不是娛樂，科技或藝術(shù)，應(yīng)該是生活欄目。故選D項(xiàng)。CRobotsinspacewillbeextracting(提取)goldfromasteroids(小行星)withintenyearsifanewprojectbackedbyaSiliconValleybillionairegoesasplanned.PeterDiamandis,thefounderofPlanetaryResources,saidthepanyattemptstomaketheresourcesofspaceavailabletohumanity.Theinitialstage,tobeachievedinthenext18to24months,istolaunchaseriesofprivatetelescopeswhichwillorbitEarth.Thesewillbeusedtosearchfortherighttypeofasteroids.TheplanistousemerciallybuiltroboticshipstoextractrocketfuelandvaluablemineralsfromtherocksthatregularlypassbyEarth.Diamandispredictsthattheycouldhavetheirversionofaspacebasedpetrolstationupandrunningby2025.Severalscientistsnotinvolvedintheprojectarguedthattheprojectwasdaring,difficultandverypricey.Theydonotseehowitcouldbecosteffective.ButthefounderofPlanetaryResourceshasatrackrecordofprofitingfromspaceexplorationbusiness.Diamandiswasthefirstpersontosellridesintospacetotourists.“Beforewestartedlaunchingpeopleintospaceasprivatecitizens,peoplethoughtthatwasaridiculousidea,”Diamandissaid.“Thisisalongtermproject.Butit’snotacharity.We’llmakemoney.”Theideathatasteroidscouldbeminedforresourceshasbeenaroundforyears.Thereareprobably1,500asteroidsthatpassnearEarththatwouldbegoodinitialtargets.Theyareatleast50meterswide,andDiamandisfigurestenpercentofthemhavewaterandothervaluableminerals.RichardBinzel,ProfessorofPlanetaryScienceattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,says,“Theideamightbemanydecadesaheadofitstime.Butyouhavetostartsomewhereasitmightofferanewperspectiveofsavingtheearthfrombeingoverexplored.”8.Whatissupposedtobethefirststepoftheproject?A.LaunchingrobotsintoEarthorbit. B.Sendingsometelescopesintospace.C.Buildingaspacebasedpetrolstation. D.Usingroboticshipstoextractrocketfuel.9.HowdidDiamandisusetomakemoneyfromspaceexplorationbusiness?A.Byextractinggoldfromasteroids. B.Byprovidingspacetravelsfortourists.C.Bybeingthefirstpersontorideintospace. D.Bysellingticketstoscetourists'ridesintospace.10.WhatdoesRichardBinzelthinkoftheproject?A.Itisrisky. B.Itisplex. C.Itisworthwhile. D.Itisdemanding.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MiningAsteroids B.HumansandAsteroidsC.SpaceExplorationinProgress D.TheProjectofExtractingMinerals【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹一個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目，計(jì)劃從小行星上提取黃金等寶貴的礦物質(zhì)和燃料?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theinitialstage,tobeachievedinthenext18to24months,istolaunchaseriesofprivatetelescopeswhichwillorbitEarth.(最初階段將在未來18至24個(gè)月內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)，將發(fā)射一系列私人望遠(yuǎn)鏡，繞地球運(yùn)行)”可知，項(xiàng)目的最初階段是往太空發(fā)射一系列私人望遠(yuǎn)鏡。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Diamandiswasthefirstpersontosellridesintospacetotourists.“Beforewestartedlaunchingpeopleintospaceasprivatecitizens,peoplethoughtthatwasaridiculousidea,”Diamandissaid.“Thisisalongtermproject.Butit’snotacharity.We’llmakemoney.”(迪亞曼迪斯是第一個(gè)向游客出售太空游樂設(shè)施的人。迪亞曼迪斯說：“在我們開始將人們作為普通公民送入太空之前，人們認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)荒謬的想法。這是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期項(xiàng)目。但它不是慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。我們會(huì)賺錢的。”)”可知，迪亞曼迪斯以前通過把游客送入太空旅行來獲取利益。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“RichardBinzel,ProfessorofPlanetaryScienceattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,says,“Theideamightbemanydecadesaheadofitstime.Butyouhavetostartsomewhereasitmightofferanewperspectiveofsavingtheearthfrombeingoverexplored.”(麻省理工學(xué)院行星科學(xué)教授RichardBinzel說：“這個(gè)想法可能比它的時(shí)代早了幾十年。但你必須從某個(gè)地方開始，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)為拯救地球提供一個(gè)新的視角，使其免于被過度探索?！?”可推知，RichardBinzel認(rèn)為這個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目是值得開發(fā)的。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Robotsinspacewillbeextracting(提取)goldfromasteroids(小行星)withintenyearsifanewprojectbackedbyaSiliconValleybillionairegoesasplanned.PeterDiamandis,thefounderofPlanetaryResources,saidthepanyattemptstomaketheresourcesofspaceavailabletohumanity.(如果一位硅谷億萬(wàn)富翁支持的新項(xiàng)目按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，太空機(jī)器人將在十年內(nèi)從小行星中提取黃金。行星資源公司創(chuàng)始人PeterDiamandis表示，該公司試圖為人類提供太空資源)”和第二段“TheplanistousemerciallybuiltroboticshipstoextractrocketfuelandvaluablemineralsfromtherocksthatregularlypassbyEarth.(該計(jì)劃是使用商業(yè)建造的機(jī)器人船從經(jīng)常經(jīng)過地球的巖石中提取火箭燃料和寶貴的礦物)”可知，這篇文章主要介紹一個(gè)新的項(xiàng)目，計(jì)劃從小行星上提取黃金等寶貴的礦物質(zhì)和燃料。故選A。DWheredogreatmusicians,greatmathematiciansandgreatsportspeoplegettheirtalent?Fordecadesnow,wehaveassumedthatmostofthemaresimplybornwithatalentthatordinarypeopledonothave.WhenbaseballlegendTedWilliamsclaimedthathisachievementhadnothingtodowithnaturalabilitybutweretheresultofpractice,practice,practice,peopleassumedthathewasmerelybeingmodest.Butscientistsnowbelievethattherewasagooddealoftruthinwhathesaid.Throughoutthelastcentury,itwasacceptedthatweinherit（繼承）manyofourcharacteristicsfromourparentsviatheirDNA,thateachofusinheritsafixedamountofintelligenceafixedIQ,andthatmostofusaretobeordinary.Butnowitisacceptedthatourgenesinteractwiththeirsurroundings,gettingturnedonandoffallthetime.“Therearenogeneticfactorsthatcanbestudiedindependentlyoftheenvironment,”explainsMichaelMeaneyofMcGillUniversity.“Andtherearenoenvironmentalfactorsthatfunctionindependentlyofourgenes.Theyworkalongsideeachother.”Howdoesthisviewoftheroleofgeneschangeourunderstandingofindividualtalentandabilities?Doesitnowmeanthatgenesdon’tmatter,andthatweallhavethepotentialtobelike,say,LionelMessiorLebronJames?Suchaclaimfliesinthefaceofreason.Thegenesweinheritclearlymatter,asdogeneticdifferencesbetweenindividuals.ButitisalsotruethatLionelMessiwouldnothavebeethesuperfootballerheis,norLebronJamesabasketballsuperstar,withoutputtinginthousandsofhoursofpractice.Theycouldhaveturnedoutentirelydifferentpeople.TalentresearcherKevinRathundeagrees.“Highacademicachieversarenotnecessarilybornmuchsmarterthanothersbutgenesdocount,”hewritesinhisbookTalentedTeenagers,“andabovealltheyusuallyworkharderanddevelopmoreselfdiscipline.”12.WhatdidTedWilliamsthinkledtohissuccess?A.Hisnaturaltalent. B.Hisfullmitment.C.Hismodestpersonality. D.Hisextraordinaryintelligence.13.Whatdidwewidelybelieveduringthe20century?A.IntelligencehaslittletodowithDNA.B.Ourgenesinteractwithourenvironment.C.Themajorityofusareofaverageintelligence.D.OurcharacterissimplydecidedbyinheritedDNA.14.Whydoestheauthormention“LionelMessi”and“LebronJames”inparagraph3?A.Toclarifyapoint. B.Toillustratearule.C.Toofferasolution. D.Tomakeaprediction.15.WhichstatementwillKevinRathundeprobablyagreewith?A.Mostofusareborntobeaveragepersons.B.Wecouldallbegeniusesifworkinghardenough.C.Genetiefactorsaremoreimportantthanhardwork.D.Greattalentisabinationofgenesandpractice.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說明文。講述了一人的基因?qū)θ说奶熨x起到作用，但是周圍的環(huán)境和后天的努力也會(huì)有影響。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenbaseballlegendTedWilliamsclaimedthathisachievementhadnothingtodowithnaturalabilitybutweretheresultofpractice,practice,practice,peopleassumedthathewasmerelybeingmodest.(當(dāng)棒球傳奇人物泰德·威廉姆斯聲稱他的成就與天賦無(wú)關(guān)，而是練習(xí)、練習(xí)、再練習(xí)的結(jié)果時(shí)，人們以為他只是謙虛而已)”可知，泰德·威廉姆斯認(rèn)為是他的努力導(dǎo)致了他的成功，也就是他的全身心的投入。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Throughoutthelastcentury,itwasacceptedthatweinherit（繼承）manyofourcharacteristicsfromourparentsviatheirDNA,thateachofusinheritsafixedamountofintelligenceafixedIQ,andthatmostofusaretobeordinary.(在上個(gè)世紀(jì)，人們普遍認(rèn)為，我們通過DNA從父母那里繼承了許多特征，我們每個(gè)人都繼承了固定的智力——固定的智商，我們大多數(shù)人都是平凡的)”可知，在20世紀(jì)，我們普遍相信我們大多數(shù)人的智力一般。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Howdoesthisviewoftheroleofgeneschangeourunderstandingofindividualtalentandabilities?Doesitnowmeanthatgenesdon’tmatter,andthatweallhavethepotentialtobelike,say,LionelMessiorLebronJames?Suchaclaimfliesinthefaceofreason.Thegenesweinheritclearlymatter,asdogeneticdifferencesbetweenindividuals.ButitisalsotruethatLionelMessiwouldnothavebeethesuperfootballerheis,norLebronJamesabasketballsuperstar,withoutputtinginthousandsofhoursofpractice.(這種關(guān)于基因作用的觀點(diǎn)如何改變我們對(duì)個(gè)人天賦和能力的理解?這是否意味著基因不重要，我們都有成為萊昂內(nèi)爾·梅西或勒布朗·詹姆斯那樣的潛力?這樣的說法完全違背理性。我們遺傳的基因顯然很重要，個(gè)體之間的基因差異也很重要。但同樣不可否認(rèn)的是，如果沒有成千上萬(wàn)小時(shí)的訓(xùn)練，萊昂內(nèi)爾?梅西(LionelMessi)就不會(huì)成為現(xiàn)在的超級(jí)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，勒布朗?詹姆斯(LebronJames)也不會(huì)成為籃球巨星)”可知，作者提到“萊昂內(nèi)爾·梅西”和“勒布朗·詹姆斯”是為了闡明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TalentresearcherKevinRathundeagrees.“Highacademicachieversarenotnecessarilybornmuchsmarterthanothersbutgenesdocount,”hewritesinhisbookTalentedTeenagers,“andabovealltheyusuallyworkharderanddevelopmoreselfdiscipline.”(人才研究人員KevinRathunde對(duì)此表示贊同。他在《天才少年》一書中寫道:“學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)優(yōu)異人不一定天生就比別人聰明，但基因確實(shí)很重要。最重要的是，他們通常更努力學(xué)習(xí)，更自律。”)”可知，KevinRathunde認(rèn)為偉大的才能是基因和實(shí)踐的結(jié)合。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenitestomoney,theworld’sluckiestwomanappearstobea63yearoldAmericancalledJoanGinther.Shehasmanagedtowinthejackpot(頭獎(jiǎng))fourtimes.____16____Expertssaythatthechancesofwinningthismuchareextremelysmall.Mrs.Ginther’sfirstwinwasin1993whenshewonhalfofthe$11millionfirstprizeoftheTexasLottery(彩票).Therestofhermoneyhasefromscratch(刮)cards.Youscratchthesecardstoexposeifyouhaveawinningcode.Theyareverypopular,butnotmanypeoplewhobuythemwinanything.However,Mrs.Gintherwon$2millionfromaHolidayMillionairescratchcardin2006andthenshewonanother$3millionfromaMillionsandMillionsscratchcardin2008.____17____Asaresultofthesewins,theTimesMarketinBishop,whereMrs.Gintherboughthercard,hasbeeverypopular.____18____Theshopalsoreceivescallsfrompeopletryingtopurchasescratchcardsoverthephoneeventhoughtheylivefaraway.However,notmuchisknownaboutMrs.Ginther.____19____Evenherneighbourshaveverylittletosayabouther.SheisnowrarelyseeninBishopbecauseshemovedawayandshenowlivesinLasVegas.SunBae,theownerofTimesMarket,remembersthatMrs.Gintherboughtanewcarforoneofthetownresidents,eventhoughsheherselfdrivesaroundinanoldcar.____20____AndsheboughthernewhomeinLasVegasandshedonatedheroldhomeinBishoptocharity.“Shehashelpedsomanypeople,”Mrs.Baesaid.A.Thattime,thecardwon$10million.B.Intotal,shehaswonover$20million!C.Obviously,herprivatelifeisveryimportanttoher.D.Additionally,shealsoboughtavanforthelocalchurch.E.Sosheisperhapsasluckywithcardsaswiththelottery.F.Heransweringmachinesays,“Pleasedonotleaveamessage.”G.Thereareoftenlongqueuesoutsidetheshopandalongtheroadnearby.【答案】16.B17.E18.G19.C20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了世界上最幸運(yùn)的女人——63歲的美國(guó)人JoanGinther的故事，她中了4次頭獎(jiǎng)，總共贏了2000多萬(wàn)美元，不過她獨(dú)來獨(dú)往，為社區(qū)做了很多好事?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Shehasmanagedtowinthejackpot(頭獎(jiǎng))fourtimes.(她已經(jīng)四次中頭獎(jiǎng)了)”及下文提到的所有獎(jiǎng)金數(shù)額可知，B.Intotal,shehaswonover$20million!(她總共贏了2000多萬(wàn)美元！)能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mrs.Ginther’sfirstwinwasin1993whenshewonhalfofthe$11millionfirstprizeoftheTexasLottery(彩票).Therestofhermoneyhasefromscratch(刮)cards.(Ginther夫人的第一次中獎(jiǎng)是在1993年，當(dāng)時(shí)她贏得了德克薩斯州彩票1100萬(wàn)美元頭獎(jiǎng)的一半。她其余的錢都來自刮刮卡)”及“Theyareverypopular,butnotmanypeoplewhobuythemwinanything.However,Mrs.Gintherwon$2millionfromaHolidayMillionairescratchcardin2006andthenshewonanother$3millionfromaMillionsandMillionsscratchcardin2008.(它們很受歡迎，但買它們的人并沒有贏得什么。然而，Ginther夫人在2006年從“假日百萬(wàn)富翁”刮刮卡中贏得了200萬(wàn)美元，然后在2008年又從“百萬(wàn)和百萬(wàn)”刮刮卡中贏得了300萬(wàn)美元)”可知，Ginther夫人不僅從彩票中贏得大筆錢，玩刮刮卡時(shí)，運(yùn)氣也超級(jí)好。由此可知，E.Sosheisperhapsasluckywithcardsaswiththelottery.(因此，她玩刮刮卡的運(yùn)氣可能和買彩票一樣好)能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Asaresultofthesewins,theTimesMarketinBishop,whereMrs.Gintherboughthercard,hasbeeverypopular.(這些勝利的結(jié)果是，Ginther夫人買卡片的地方——畢肖普市的時(shí)報(bào)市場(chǎng)變得非常受歡迎)”可知，因?yàn)镚inther夫人老中獎(jiǎng)，Ginther夫人買刮刮卡的市場(chǎng)變得非常受歡迎，因此應(yīng)該有很多人去買刮刮卡。由此可知，G.Thereareoftenlongqueuesoutsidetheshopandalongtheroadnearby.(商店外面和附近的路上經(jīng)常排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì))能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“However,notmuchisknownaboutMrs.(然而，人們對(duì)金瑟夫人知之甚少)”及下文“Evenherneighbourshaveverylittletosayabouther.SheisnowrarelyseeninBishopbecauseshemovedawayandshenowlivesinLasVegas.(就連她的鄰居也很少談起她。她現(xiàn)在很少在畢夏普露面了，因?yàn)樗嶙吡耍F(xiàn)在住在拉斯維加斯)”可知，Ginther夫人很低調(diào)，人們對(duì)她知之甚少。由此可知，C.Obviously,herprivatelifeisveryimportanttoher.(顯然，她的私人生活對(duì)她來說非常重要)能夠承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“SunBae,theownerofTimesMarket,remembersthatMrs.Gintherboughtanewcarforoneofthetownresidents,eventhoughsheherselfdrivesaroundinanoldcar.(時(shí)代市場(chǎng)的老板SunBae記得，金瑟爾夫人為鎮(zhèn)上的一位居民買了一輛新車，盡管她自己開的是一輛舊車)”和“AndsheboughthernewhomeinLasVegasandshedonatedheroldhomeinBishoptocharity.“Shehashelpedsomanypeople,”Mrs.Baesaid.(她在拉斯維加斯買了新家，并將畢曉普的舊家捐給了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。“她幫助了很多人，”Bae說)”可知，Ginther夫人開始用她的錢做好事。由此可知，D.Additionally,shealsoboughtavanforthelocalchurch.(此外，她還為當(dāng)?shù)亟烫觅I了一輛面包車)繼續(xù)講述她的善行，能夠銜接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ilovewildlife.Sowhenmyfriendsaidthatwehadachanceto____21____brownbearsintheHighTatras,Ididn’tthinktwiceaboutit,andwe____22____arrangementstogothefollowingweek.Thetripwasagreat___23___!Wewalkedforhoursandstayedina____24____mountainhut(小屋)whichwasusuallyreservedforparkrangers.Itactuallytookussometroubleeventolocateit.Assoonaswearrived,ourguide____25____tousthatwewouldbefullyintegrated(融入)intotheirresearchprogrammeandwouldbetrackingthe____26____ofbearswearingGPStransmitters.Onthefirstday,wewerewokenupatsunriseand,after____27____somewarmclothes,setoffintotheforest.Ourguidewalkedvery____28____andwehadtroublekeepingupwithhim.Suddenlyhe____29____acrossasmallhill.Hemusthavecaughtsightofabear.Wefollowedhimasfastaswecould,butbythetimewereachedhim,thebearhad_____30_____intothebushes.Laterintheweek,though,wedidmanagetoobserveseveralbearsfeedingonberries.Weweresoexcited.Yet,_____31_____hurryingtotakephotos,we_____32_____ourbreath,stayedabout30metersawayandjustwatchedthem.Ourguideinsistedthatweshouldkeepour_____33_____fromthebearssoasnotto_____34_____them.Observingbearsintheirnaturalhabitat(棲息地)wasreally_____35_____.Ihadneverexperiencedanythinglikethatbefore.IfIhadn’thadtogobacktoschool,Iwouldhappilyhavestayedonforseveralmoreweeks.21.A.hunt B.feed C.protect D.track22.A.made B.changed C.cancelled D.quit23.A.deal B.danger C.success D.regret24.A.safe B.fortable C.remote D.beautiful25.A.remended B.explained C.admitted D.reported26.A.habits B.leftovers C.photos D.movements27.A.throwingon B.tidyingup C.pavingfor D.takingoff28.A.cautiously B.rapidly C.steadily D.casually29.A.moved B.wandered C.paced D.dashed30.A.disappeared B.looked C.broken D.turned31.A.dueto B.insteadof C.apartfrom D.asfor32.A.drew B.held C.released D.caught33.A.intention B.fear C.bravery D.distance34.A.attack B.train C.disturb D.feed35.A.fascinating B.boring C.exhausting D.challenging【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.C25.B26.D27.A28.B29.D30.A31.B32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述作者和朋友一起去上塔特拉山（HighTatras）追蹤棕熊的經(jīng)歷，他認(rèn)為這次旅行很有趣?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，當(dāng)我的朋友說我們有機(jī)會(huì)在上塔特拉山追蹤棕熊時(shí)，我毫不猶豫地安排在下周去。A.hunt捕獵；B.feed喂養(yǎng)；C.protect保護(hù)；D.track追蹤。根據(jù)下文“tracking”可知，作者和朋友是要去山上追蹤看棕熊。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：見第1題。A.made做；B.changed改變；C.cancelled取消；D.quit放棄。根據(jù)下文“arrangementstogothefollowingweek.”可知，這里指作者他們?yōu)榱巳ド缴献粉欁匦茏隽艘恍┯?jì)劃和安排。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行非常成功！A.deal交易；B.danger危險(xiǎn)；C.success成功；D.regret遺憾。根據(jù)下文“Ihadneverexperiencedanythinglikethatbefore.IfIhadn’thadtogobacktoschool,Iwouldhappilyhavestayedonforseveralmoreweeks.”可知，作者對(duì)這次旅行非常滿意。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們走了幾個(gè)小時(shí)，住在一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的山間小屋里，這個(gè)小屋通常是為公園管理員保留的。A.safe安全的；B.fortable舒服的；C.remote遙遠(yuǎn)的；D.beautiful美麗的。根據(jù)上文“Wewalkedforhours”可知，這是他們步行幾個(gè)小時(shí)才到的地方，所以應(yīng)該是離得很遠(yuǎn)。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們一到達(dá)，導(dǎo)游就向我們解釋說，我們將完全融入他們的研究計(jì)劃，并將佩戴GPS發(fā)射器跟蹤熊的運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.remended推薦；B.explained解釋；C.admitted承認(rèn)；D.reported報(bào)道。根據(jù)下文“tousthatwewouldbefullyintegrated(融入)intotheirresearchprogrammeandwouldbetrackingthe____6____ofbearswearingGPStransmitters.”可知，這是導(dǎo)游向作者他們解釋的具體安排。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：見第5題。A.habits習(xí)慣；B.leftovers剩余物；C.photos照片；D.movements移動(dòng)。根據(jù)下文“ofbearswearingGPStransmitters”可知，他們佩戴GPS發(fā)射器應(yīng)該是跟蹤熊的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：第一天，我們?cè)谌粘鰰r(shí)被叫醒，穿上暖和的衣服后，出發(fā)去了森林。A.throwingon匆匆穿上；B.tidyingup整理；C.pavingfor為…鋪路；D.takingoff起飛。根據(jù)上文“wewerewokenupatsunrise”可知，這里指作者他們?cè)缟闲褋碇蟮男袨椋瑧?yīng)該是穿上暖和的衣服。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的向?qū)ё叩煤芸?，我們很難跟上他。A.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；B.rapidly快速地；C.steadily穩(wěn)定地；D.casually隨意地。根據(jù)下文“wehadtroublekeepingupwithhim”可知，作者他們很難跟上向?qū)?，所以他?yīng)該是走得很快。故選B。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然他沖過一座小山。A.moved移動(dòng)；B.wandered想知道；C.paced調(diào)整節(jié)奏；D.dashed沖。根據(jù)上文“Ourguidewalkedvery____8____andwehadtroublekeepingupwithhim.”可知，向?qū)ё叩煤芸?，所以?yīng)該是沖過一座小山。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們以最快的速度跟著他，但當(dāng)我們到達(dá)他身邊時(shí)，熊已經(jīng)消失在灌木叢中。A.disappeared消失；B.looked看；C.br