2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一）真題

2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一）真題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!"1

helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3

ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemighteven

helpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.

Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellon

UniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthe

receiptofhugs6theparticipants,susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafter

being7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome

8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about

32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofelt

greatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.

“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat's

usually14withstress,“notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.

Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16

difficulty.”

Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothe

releaseofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone^^18itpromotesattachmentin

relationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismade

primarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothe

bloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

l.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite

2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior

3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice

4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep

5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving

6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of

7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted

8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out

9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated

1O.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required

11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even

12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests

13.[A]highlighted[B]minimized[C]controlled[D]increased

14.[A]associated[B]equipped[C]presented[D]compared

15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record

16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]inthenameof

17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return

18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until

19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases

2O.[A]experiences[Blcombines[C]justifies[D]influences

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesare

recommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.

airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnfor

increasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedowned

overtheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoo

muchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupport

fortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans5economicandprivate

lives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheck

thatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons-bothfakeandreal-past

airportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,

combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimproving

economyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchas

Chicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairline

securityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairline

travel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthat

airportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmore

peoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,though

theairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsor

rushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobe

awin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckare

eligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravellerswho

arehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TheTSAwantstoenroll25million

peopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethe

beginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbring

thepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,by

helpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhile

mostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomakethe

programwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[B]explainAmericans5toleranceofcun'entsecuritychecks.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports.

[D]emphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Thewordttexpedited^^(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]quieter.

[B]faster.

[C]wider.

[D]cheaper.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]Adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]Itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]Thegovernmenfsreluctancetobackit.

[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[B]PreCheck—aBelatedSolution

[C]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,“wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slast

reigningmonarch,in1897.Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersof

Hawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.Protestshave

eruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythat

promisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcano

worshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstothe

heavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.

RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdense

atmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.Asmallbutvocalgroupof

Hawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacred

landandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernessto

buildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingthe

world.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystems

oritsholinesstotheisland'sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisa

livingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnof

civilization.Thesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbrought

earlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.

CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthere

ignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestions

aboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhywe

explorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrue

ancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.

TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandto

avoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthenumberoftelescopeson

MaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturned

toanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeato

embracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates

fA]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

fA]itsgeographicalfeatures

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause

fA]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy

fA]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians5hostility.

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

fA]severecriticism.

[B]passiveacceptance.

[C]slighthesitancy.

[D]fullapproval.

Text3

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthat

whichmakeslifeworthwhile.^^WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,and

GDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathe

wasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfa

century.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterand

missesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyofthe

Westernworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverything

wasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethe

warningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-being

shedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneof

thepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningful

improvementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsof

criteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogeta

moreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberof

consistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008

globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,major

economieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.Some

relativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasures

includingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthe

solemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

So,whatKennedywasrefen'ingtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommon

methodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolonger

enough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducation

outcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoa

declineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.But

policymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworrying

aboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

32.ltcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[B]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

34.1nthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

[B]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

[C]RebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[D]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being

Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruption

convictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholding

itsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatch

andaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnelPstrialfailedtotellajury

thatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,^^orthefbmiergovernor'sdecisionson

“specific"and"unsettled“issuesrelatedtohisduties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclear

intenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis

“distasteftd"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcrete

benefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,

makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact”.

Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnot

criminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucratic

problemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery.^^Thebasiccompactunderlying

representativegovernment,wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthat

publicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcems.^^

Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,not

thecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedto

playfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecausean

individualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrity

requireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficial

meetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceof

wealth.

Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnot

alwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesof

accessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremise

ofdemocraticsociety—thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.

Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

Thecourt5srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionand

officialfavoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.l)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt

[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnelfsduties.

[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnelPsconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell'sethics.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofHcialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifit

involves

[A]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

38.Thecourfsrulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare

[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourfsrulingis

[A]sarcastic.

[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.

[D]supportive

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,you

arerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosing

fromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbox.ParagraphsBandDhave

beencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,“ADinneratPoplarWalk“broughttearstoDickens's

eyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhis

sketches,whichappearedunderthepenname"Boz"inTheEveningChronicle,earned

himamodestreputation.

[B]TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,

securedDickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,

spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.

[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickensto

writeastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythe

then-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.With

characteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustrate

hisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,Dickenswrotetotheartistandasked

himtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmade

thechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.

Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel,The

PosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837,andwas

firstpublishedinbookformin1837.

[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatest

Englishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer.Dickens

craftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglish

society.

[E]Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboy

inlawoffices.Hetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourt

stenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohada

reporter'seyefbrtranscribingthelifearoundhimespeciallyanythingcomicorodd,

submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.

[F]DickenswasbominPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.Hisfatherwasa

clerkintheBritishnavypayoffice-arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.

Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeperpossessedevenlessstatus,having

beenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dickens'smother

supposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDickens'sbirth,

hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily's

increasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlacking

Warehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas”the

younggentleman.^^Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfbrdebt.Thehumiliationsofhis

father'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryfbrniedDickens'sgreatest

woundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,

althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.

[G]AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,hetraces

anorphan'sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.Nicholas

Nickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightof

Pickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDickens'asanationallyand

internationallycelebratedmanofletters.

D—41.742.743.—44.7B145.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments

intoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

(10points)

ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld'sprimarylanguagefbrinternational

communicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)Butevenasthe

numberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominance

ofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.

Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstartto

diminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUK

interestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequently

facenewpressures.Thoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedby

DavidGraddol.(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamong

thosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyoung

generationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedaddi