四級歷年真題快速閱讀

2011年12月

WhyIntegrityMatters

WhatIsIntegrity?

Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself

（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachand

everyday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical（道德上的）standards

evenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressureto

succeed,ortemptation.

Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointed

inourselvesandashamed.Butalapse（缺失）ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.

Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrust

someonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

RiskyBusiness

Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeen

underminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromour

mistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilar

problemsinthefuture.

Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearnto

recognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.

Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewho

doesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism（票!I竊）mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithout

givingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailto

quoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnot

excusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.

"ButEverybodyDoesItH

Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselves

abouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone',,

or"Ireallyneedthisgrade.MExcusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,

eventhoughFmsupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'm

justcheckingmyanswers,notcopying.1'Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,

ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoice

we'remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.

Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeel

ifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhide

youractions,that'sanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefuture

aswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewho

takeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhat

mightgowrong.TheconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludeaMO"onatest

orassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension（暫令停學(xué)）ordismissalfromschoolandaruined

reputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothers

thepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable

（脆弱的）position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmight

justifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

GettingAwaywithit-OrNot

Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,

whichdeprives(剝奪)himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceand

independence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.

Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidof

gettingcaught.

Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn*tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecause

he/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethics

andbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegets

caught,theworsetheconsequences.

CheatingHurtsOther,Too

Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.

Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative(累積的)effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikea

disease.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedona

curve,cheatinghurtsothers*grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons'1theclassroom,

andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.(uIfIdon'tcheatIcan'tcompetewiththosewhodo")

Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeing

studentslearn.Butacheatersays."I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou*retryingtoteach,allIcare

aboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers.nTheendresultisadestructiveattack

onthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityand

harmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.

WhyIntegrityMarten

Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyand

goodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicine

fromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist-thelistisendless.Thereare

manyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheir

dishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,

ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpolitical

andeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation's

economyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,there

mightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.

Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdo

matter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwe

wanttolive.

1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso.

A)stickstothemintheirdailylife

B)makesthemknowntoothers

C)understandstheirtruevalues

D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem

2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?

A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit

B)Itfacilitatescommunication

C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust

D)Itinspiresmutualrespect

3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?

A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.

B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.

C.sothatwedon'tbreakanyrules.

D.sothatwedon'Irunintotrouble.

4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif?

A.ithascausednoharm.

B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.

C.ithasgoneunnoticed.

D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.

5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn'twishtofoolhimself?

A.Avoidmakingexcuses.

B.Listentootherpeople'sadvice.

C.Makehisintensionspublic.

D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.

6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron.

A.willoftenbecomemorecautious

B.areusuallyveryaggressive

C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.

D.mayloseeverythingintheend

7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtrightawaywill.

A)paymoredearly

B)becomemoreconfident

C)bewidelyadmired

D)feelsomewhatlucky

8.Cheatersatexamdon'tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto.

9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople's.

10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof

2011年6月

BritishCuisine:theBestofOldandNew

Britishcuisine(烹飪)hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs(廚師)combinethebestofoldand

new.

WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseitisbad!Thosearenotthe

mostencouragingwordstohearjustbeforeeatinglunchatoneofHongKong'ssmartestBritish

restaurants,Alfie'sbyKEE,butheadchefNeilTomeshasmoretosay.

"Thepast15yearsorsohavebeenanoticeableperiodofimprovementforfoodinEngland/'the

Englishchefsays,citingthetrendinBritishcuisineforbetteringredients,preparationandcooking

methods,andmoreappealingpresentation.ChefssuchasDeliaSmith,NigelSlater,JamieOliver

andGordonRamsaymadethepublicrealisethatcooking-andeating-didn'thavetobeaboring

thing.Andnow,mostoftheBritishpublicisfamiliarevenwiththeextremesofHeston

BlumenthaPsmoleculargastronomy,aformofcookingthatemploysscientificmethodstocreate

theperfectdish.

"It'snolongerthecasethatthecommonmaninEnglandisembarrassedtoshowheknowsabout

food,'*Tomessays.

Therewasplentyofroomforimprovement.Theproblemswiththenation'scuisinecanbetraced

backtotheSecondWorldWar.BeforetheWar,muchofBritain'sfoodwasimportedandwhen

GermanU-boatsbeganattackingshipsbringingfoodtothecountry,Britainwentonrations（配

給）.

°Asrationingcametoanendinthe1950s,technologypickedupandwasusedtomass-produce

food,"Tomessays."Andbythenpeoplewerejusthappytohaveadecentquantityoffoodintheir

kitchens."

Theyweren'tlookingforcuredmeats,organicproduceorbeautifulpresentation;theywere

lookingforwhatevertheycouldgettheirhandson,andthisprioritisationofquantityoverquality

prevailedfordecades,meaningagenerationwasbroughtupwithfoodthatcouldn'tcompetewith

neighbouringFrance,Italy,BelgiumorSpain.

BeforestarchefssuchasOliverbeganmakingcookingfashionable,itwashardtofinda

restaurantinLondonthatwasopenafter9Pm.Butinrecentyearsthecapital'sculinary（烹飪的）

scenehasdevelopedtothepointthatitisnowconfidentofitsabilitytopleasethetastesofany

internationalvisitor.

WiththeopeningofAlfie'sinApril,andotherssuchasThePawn,twoyearsago,modernBritish

foodhasmadeitswaytoHongKong."WithBritishfood,IthinkthatHongKongrestaurantsare

keepingup,"saysDavidTamlyn,theWelshexecutivechefalThePawninWanChai."HongKong

dinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,whichisgoodnewsfornew

dishes."

ChefsagreethatdinersinHongKongareembracingthemodernBritishtrend.Somerestaurants

aremodifyingtherecipes（菜譜）ofBritishdishestobreathenewlifeintotheclassics,while

othersareusingbetterqualityingredientsbutremainingtruetoBritishtraditionsandtastes.

Tamlynisinthesecondcamp.nWeselectourfoodveryparticularly.WeuseUSbeef,New

Zealandlambandforourcustards（牛奶蛋糊）weuseBird*sCustardPowder,'*Tamlynsays.

“Somerestaurantsgoforcustardmadefreshwitheggs,sugarandcream,butBritishcustardis

different,andwestaytruetothat."

MatthewHill,seniormanageratthetwo-year-oldSoHorestaurantYorkshirePudding,alsouses

betteringredientsasameansofimprovingdishes."Therearealotofexistingperceptionsabout

Britishfoodandsowecan'talterthesetoomuch.We'reatraditionalBritishrestaurantsothereare

somestaples（主菜）thatwillremainessentiallyunchanged."

Thesetraditionaldishesincludefishandchips,steakandkidneypieandlargepiecesofroasted

meats.AtAlfie's,thenewestoftheBritishrestaurantsintownandperhapsthemostgentlemen's

club-likeindesign,NeilTomesexplainshispassionforprovenance（原產(chǎn)地）."Britainhasstarted

tobecomereallyproudofthefoodit'sproducing.Ithasexcellentorganicfarms,beautifully

craftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats.',

However,theBritishdon'thaveahistoryofexportingtheirfoodstuffs,whichmakesitdifficultfor

restaurantsinHongKongtosourceauthenticingredients.

"WecangetalotofouringredientsonceaweekfromtheUK,"Tamlynexplains."Butthereis

alsopressuretobuylocalandsaveonfoodmiles,whichmeanswetakeourvegetablesfromthe

localmarkets,andtherearealotthatworkwellwithBritishstaples.1'

ThePhoenix,inMid-Levels,offersthewidestinterpretationofuBritishcuisine",whilestilltrying

tomaintainitssoul.Thegastro-pubhasexistedinvariouslocationsinHongKongsince2002.

SingaporeanheadchefTommyTehKumChaioffersdailyspecialsonablackboard,ratherthan

stickingtoamenu.ThisenableshimtoreinterpretBritishcuisinedependingonwhatisavailable

inthelocalmarkets.

"Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewouldn'tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresented

inaBritishway.Bellpeppersstuffedwithcouscous,alongsideratatouille,isaverypopulardish.'1

Althoughtheingredientsmaynotstrikedinersasbeingtraditional,theycanbefoundindishes

acrossBritain.

Eventhetraditionalchefsareawareoftheneedtoadapttolocaltastesandcustoms,while

maintainingtheBritishnessoftheircuisine.

AtYorkshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheir

meals.Smalldishes,sharedmealsand“mixingitup"isnotsomethingcommonlydoneinBritain,

butYorkshirePuddingwillbringfulldishestothetableandofferindividualplatesforeachdiner.

'Thatway,peoplestillgetthepresentationofthedishesastheyweredesigned,butcancarvethem

uphowevertheylike,"Hillsays.

ThispracticeisalsopopularatThePawn,althoughlargelyforrotisseries(烤肉館),Tamlynsays.

"SometableswillarriveonaSunday,orderawholechickenandashoulderoflamborababypig,

andjuststayforhoursenjoyingeverythingwebringoutforthem.”

SomeBritishtraditionsaretoosacred(神圣的)tomesswith,however,Tomessays."I'dnever

changeafullEnglishbreakfast."

1.WhatisBritishfoodgenerallyknownfor?

A)Itsuniqueflavour.C)Itsspecialcookingmethods.

B)Itsbadtaste.D)Itsorganicingredients.

2.TheSecondWorldWarledtoinBritain.

A)aninadequatesupplyoffoodC)anincreaseinfoodimport

B)adecreaseofgrainproductionD)achangeinpeople'seatinghabits

3.Whycouldn'tBritaincompetewithsomeofitsneighbouringcountriesintermsoffoodinthe

post-wardecades?

A)Itsfoodlackedvariety.C)Itwasshortofwell-trainedchefs.

B)Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity.D)Itdidn'thaveflavourfulfoodingredients.

4.Withculinaryimprovementinrecentyears,London'srestaurantsarenowabletoappealtothe

tastesof.

A)mostyoungpeopleC)allkindsofoverseasvisitors

B)elderlyBritishdinersD)upper-classcustomers

5.WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?

A)Authenticclassiccuisine.C)Newideasandpresentations.

B)Locallyproducedingredients.D)Thereturnofhome-styledishes.

6.Whileusingqualityingredients,DavidTamlyninsiststhatthedishesshould.

A)benefitpeople'shealthC)beofferedatreasonableprices

B)lookbeautifulandinvitingD)maintainBritishtraditionaltastes

7.WhydoesNeilTomessayhelovesfoodingredientsfromBritain?

A)Theyappealtopeoplefromallovertheworld.

B）Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicfarms.

C）Theyareprocessedinascientificway.

D）Theycomeinagreatvariety.

8.TamlynsaysthatbesidesimportingingredientsfromBritainonceaweek,hisrestaurantalso

buysvegetablesfrom.

9.ThePhoenixinMid-LevelsmaynotuseBritishingredients,butpresentsitsdishes.

10.YorkshirePuddingisarestaurantwhichwillbringfulldishestothetablebutofferplatesto

thosedinerswhowouldliketo.

2010年12月

AGrassrootsRemedy

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,

gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthe

suburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.Themostpopularleisureactivity

inBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers（'慢品包者）jog,theydon'trunthestreets.Every

oneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydo

weallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.

Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived（喪失）.Ispentmyboyhood

climbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedofthese

ancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnew

perceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthan

thingsthatcanbefound.

Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousing

andthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（多動癥）.

Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewho

hadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.

AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanatural

environmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormal

playground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanatural

environment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.

Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,

childrencreateahierarchy（等級）basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.

Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,

andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.

Mostbullying（恃強(qiáng)凌弱）isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac（柏油碎石）

playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.This

remindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedto

hangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.

Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthand

safetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,the

damageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.

OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensively

treatedwithdrugs.Yetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshuge

benefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.

Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasing

emphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.And

studyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.

Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnatural

surroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourare

reducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.

DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhis

study,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelps

reduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatter

howsmalltheircontribution.

Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsare

grantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednaturefor

themselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsis

profoundlydamaging.

Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals（哺乳動物）.Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedon

theplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwith

non-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,

givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,

understandsthat.

Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Without

thewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsaroundusweare

lessthanhuman.

Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld

Walk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makea

circuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmoving

inmovingair,look,listen,absorb.

Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywhere

that'snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookat

water,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.

Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisin

company.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunandthe

windwithbirdsongforbackground.

Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,five

birdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreater

amountofwildnessinyourlife.

Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.

Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythroughthe

woods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlasts

forever,afterall.

1.Whatistheauthor?sprofoundbelief?

[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.

（BJPeopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.

[ClPeoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.

[DJPeoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?

[A]Personalfreedom.

[B]Thingsthatarenatural.

[C]Urbansurroundings.

[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.

3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?

[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.

[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.

[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.

[D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.

4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas.

IAJtendtodevelopastrongloveforscience

[B|aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife

[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood

[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying

5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?

[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.

IB]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.

[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.

[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.

6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?

[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]Theyareabletolivelonger.

[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecomegood-humoured.

7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat.

fA]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother

[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople

[Claccesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence

[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged

8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcan

be?

9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout.

10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeople

toseekwiththenaturalworld.

2010年6月

CaughtintheWeb

Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.

She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messaging

programs—leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththe

dishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforeshe

realizedshehadaproblem.

“Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart一kindofslippingintoa

depression,saidCarla.knewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,Fdjustkeepgoing,“

detaching（使脫離）herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.

Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas“addicted”totheInternet.She'snotalone.

ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn*tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournals

andtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthe

subject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhether

addictionispossible.

ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreserious

attention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelook

atexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternet

addictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.Andscoresofonlinediscussionboardshave

poppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtoomuchtimeontheWeb.

uThere'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverdoing

theirInternetinvolvement,saidpsychiatrist（精神科醫(yī)生）IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallsthe

problemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.

JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical.

“TheInternetisanenvironment,hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment.Bishop

describestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeople

toprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.

ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmore

than2500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversity

researchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat“theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseof

excessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconcealunonessentialInternetuse"，andnearly

4%reportedfeelingupreoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline.

About8%saidth