高考總復習優(yōu)化設計二輪用書英語(新高考)專題1 NO.2　文體深探究•明晰文體讀文快

高考總復習優(yōu)化設計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024專題一閱讀理解NO.2文體深探究?明晰文體讀文快文體1應用文文體2記敘文目錄索引0102文體3說明文03文體4議論文04文體1應用文2023全國乙卷,A篇

主題語境:人與社會——社會服務

PRACTITIONERSJacqueline

Felice

de

Almania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(證明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.Tan

Yunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(學徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwroteabook,Sayings

of

a

Female

Doctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.James

Barry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,andthenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.Rebecca

Lee

Crumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.21.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.C.Performingsurgery.D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.22.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?A.Shewroteabook.B.Shewentthroughtrials.C.Sheworkedasadentist.D.Shehadformaleducation.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

?語篇圖解

?思路點撥21.通過文章第一部分中的“Born

to

a

Jewish

family

in

Florence,she

moved

to

Paris

where

she

worked

as

a

physician

and

performed

surgery.”以及第三部分中的“She

qualified

as

a

surgeon

in

1813”和“Barry

retired

in

1859,having

practiced

her

entire

medical

profession

living

and

working

as

a

man.”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同點是都有資格進行外科手術。選

項。

22.通讀全文,再根據(jù)文章第二部分中的“Tan

wrote

a

book,Sayings

of

a

Female

Doctor,describing

her

life

as

a

physician”可推知,Tan與其他從業(yè)人員的不同之處在于她寫了一本書。故

項正確。

23.通過文章第四部分中的“Four

years

later,she

was

the

first

African

American

woman

to

receive

a

medical

degree.”可知,Rebecca

Lee

Crumpler是第一位獲得醫(yī)學學位的非裔美國人。故

項正確。

CAD?考情分析每套試卷的A篇都是應用文。應用文的類型通常有廣告、海報、通知、旅游信息等。主要考查細節(jié)理解,偶爾考查推理判斷與詞句猜測。?文體特點1.語言特點:語言簡潔,句式相對簡單。2.結(jié)構(gòu)特點:①平行段落:幾條或者幾類信息不同的段落以相同的順序呈現(xiàn),如時間、地點、過程、聯(lián)系方式等;②次級標題:通過小標題把文章分成幾個部分,每一部分有一個或幾個段落圍繞小標題進行闡述。本文屬于這類結(jié)構(gòu);③表格:利用列表的方式把不同的信息或者主題分割開,每一列或者每一行說明一個主題或者事件,直觀明了。?讀文策略①先題后文法。做這類題時沒有必要閱讀全文,宜采用“先題后文法”來處理,即先看問題,后看文章內(nèi)容。這樣在閱讀中可以有重點地、有針對性地去讀。在閱讀時要特別留意文中以黑體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的部分。②題干定向法。若題干的問題與原文中的相應句段基本相同,則可直接對號入座;若題干的問題與原文中的相應句段有較大出入,則要進行一定的“處理”。這個“處理”是多方面的,它可能包括對原文進行同義變換、對概念進行解析、對事實進行歸納、將具體問題抽象化或?qū)⒊橄髥栴}具體化、將文中提到的原則或規(guī)則進行實際運用等。課堂應用A(2023全國甲卷,A)Where

to

Eat

in

BangkokBangkokisahighlydesirabledestinationforfoodlovers.Ithasaseeminglybottomlesswellofdiningoptions.HerearesomesuggestionsonwheretostartyourBangkokeatingadventure.NahmOfferingThaifinedining,NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹飪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.Issaya

Siamese

ClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaiChefIanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.ThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.Bo.lanBo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-litdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.GagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,

progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(場所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇應用文。曼谷是“吃貨”游客理想的旅游勝地。作者為讀者介紹了幾家曼谷的餐館。1.WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods.B.TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C.Theyhavetop-classchefs.D.Theyarebasedinhotels.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)Nahm部分第三句“Head

Chef

David

Thompson,

who

received

a

Michelin

star

for

his

London-based

Thai

restaurant

of

the

same

name,

opened

this

branch

in

the

Metropolitan

Hotel

in

2010.”以及Issaya

Siamese

Club部分第一句“Issaya

Siamese

Club

is

internationally

known

Thai

Chef

Ian

Kittichai’s

first

flagship

Bankok

restaurant.”可知,它們的共同之處是二者都具有頂級廚師。2.Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A.Gaggan.B.Bo.lan.C.IssayaSiameseClub.D.Nahm.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Bo.lan部分最后一句“For

those

extremely

hungry,there’s

a

large

set

menu.”可知答案為B項。3.WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A.IthiresstafffromIndia.B.Itputsonaplayeveryday.C.Itserveshard-to-findlocaldishes.D.Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文最后一部分Gaggan中的第二句“The

best

table

in

this

two-story

colonial

Thai

home

offers

a

window

right

into

the

kitchen,

where

you

can

see

chef

Gaggan

and

his

staff

in

action.”可推斷,Gaggan的特別之處在于顧客可以直接看到廚房里面廚師烹飪的過程。故選D項。B(2023浙江1月卷,A)Explorers

Camp?Fulldaycampforkidsaged5-13.?Monday-Friday,July8-26,9am-4pm.Week1|July8-12Week2|July15-19Week3|July22-26?Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.?Fees:$365perweek.?Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.Camp

StructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.Camp

ContentExplorersCamporganizesengagingarts,historyandscience-relatedactivitiesineveryclass,andfocusesonarangeoftopicsthatemphasizeactivelearning,explorationand,mostofall,fun!Allcampsessionsarecreatedwithage-appropriateactivitiesthataretailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.Camp

StaffCampersenjoyastaff-to-childratiorangingfrom1:4to1:7dependingontheagegroup.Instructorsarepassionateeducatorswhoareexpertsintheirfieldsandhaveundergonetrainingandabackgroundcheck.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了探險家營地的相關信息。4.Onwhichofthefollowingdatescanyoucancelyourregistrationwithafullrefund?A.June12.

B.June22.C.July19. D.July26.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“?The

last

day

to

cancel

registration

and

receive

a

full

refund

(退款)

is

June

15.”可知,你可以在6月12日取消注冊并全額退款。5.Howarecampersdividedintodifferentgroups?A.Bygender.B.Bynationality.C.Byinterest.D.Byage.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Camp

Structure部分中的“The

day

is

divided

into

two

thematic

sessions

per

age

group.”可知,露營者按年齡劃分成不同的小組。6.Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A.15. B.21.C.30. D.42.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“?Monday-Friday,July

8-26,9

am-4

pm.”可知,每周安排5天的活動。根據(jù)Camp

Structure部分中的“Campers

have

a

three-hour

morning

class

engaging

with

a

morning

theme

(9

am

to

12

noon)

and

a

one-hour

lunch

break,followed

by

another

three-hour

class

engaging

with

an

afternoon

theme

(1

pm

to

4

pm).”可知,全天有6個小時的課程。5*6=30。由此可知,如果你注冊一周,你總共有30小時的課程。文體2記敘文2023新高考全國Ⅱ卷,B篇

主題語境:人與自我——學習與生活

Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,

environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.

“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,

insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,

includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,

tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,

studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher.B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork.D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching.B.Predictable.C.Short-lived.D.Unidentifiable.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape

?語篇圖解

?思路點撥24.根據(jù)第一段的“And

at

first

it

is,says

Abby

Jaramillo,who

with

another

teacher

started

Urban

Sprouts,a

school

garden

program

at

four

low-income

schools.”可知,艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban

Sprouts的發(fā)起者。選

項。

25.根據(jù)第二段的“‘They

come

to

us

thinking

vegetables

are

awful,dirt

is

awful,insects

are

awful.’Though

some

are

initially

scared

of

the

insects

and

turned

off

by

the

dirt,most

are

eager

to

try

something

new.”可知,項目之初,一些學生不喜歡園藝工作。故

項正確。

DC26.根據(jù)最后一段“She

adds

that

...

feel

successful.”可知,這個項目不僅給學生提供了有營養(yǎng)的食物,而且許多學生開始回家建造了自己的菜園,對有情緒控制問題的學生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用,從而推知,該項目的影響是深遠的。故

項正確。

27.全文主要介紹了Jaramillo發(fā)起和實施的“都市新芽”項目。該項目運行于四所低收入?yún)^(qū)學校,旨在幫助學生培養(yǎng)科學技能、環(huán)境意識和健康生活方式。最終效果顯著,孩子們吃菜更多,且愛上了種菜,把種子帶回去在家里開墾菜園。由此可以確定,

項(培養(yǎng)蔬菜愛好者)是最佳題目。

AC?考情分析每套試卷中均有一篇記敘文類閱讀理解。記敘文類閱讀理解以細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞句猜測題和標題歸納題為主。?文體特點1.語言特點:①記敘文以描寫、敘述為主。②一般以過去時為主,各種時態(tài)為輔,使用豐富多彩的謂語動詞;多用動詞,特別是動態(tài)強的行為動詞。③新穎、生動、真實、典型的素材描寫。2.結(jié)構(gòu)特點:多按照時間先后順序進行敘述,偶爾也有倒敘或插敘的情況。記敘文中有時會在敘述的基礎上,輔以適當?shù)淖h論,以表明作者的觀點態(tài)度和目的,結(jié)構(gòu)上采用“以敘為主,兼顧議論”或“先敘后議”或“夾敘夾議”。?讀文策略

策略指導技法解讀關注開頭和結(jié)尾把握事情的動向,尾段經(jīng)常是主題的升華所在。關注情感主線分析事情的發(fā)展脈絡,弄清人物關系,透析文章的情感主線。弄清六要素何人、何時、何地,因何原因做了何事,結(jié)果如何,有何啟示或感想。弄清寫作目的證明一個觀點;贊美某種美德;譴責某種罪惡;提供娛樂。課堂應用A(2022全國甲卷,C)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.

Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Ginni從小就熱愛旅游,后來通過機緣巧合去了南極洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象的故事。1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.√解析

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“has

had

a

deep

love

for

travel”以及“her

sons

eventually

flew

the

nest”可知,Ginni從小就熱愛旅行并且兒子們都自立門戶了,自己可以去嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)的事情了。故選A項。2.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“And

it

was

in

Chile

she

discovered

she

could

get

last-minute

cheap

deals

on

ships

going

to

Antarctica...”以及第三句中的“I

just

decided

I

wanted

to

go”可知,在智利她買到了去往南極洲的廉價船票,然后她決定去南極。C項意為“打折票”,符合題意。故選C項。3.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The

realization

that

this

is

a

precious

land,to

be

respected

by

humans...”可知,它應該被很好地保護。注意

“hit

home

to

sb”

意為“切中要害,使人接受”,不指“家”的概念。

故選C項。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.√解析

主旨大意題。文章從第一段就提到Ginni去了南極洲,第二段講述了她去旅行的前提條件,第三段講述機緣巧合她決定去南極洲旅行,最后兩段主要說明Ginni去南極洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南極洲貫穿了全文,且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永遠不會忘記的一次旅途”可知,一次難忘的經(jīng)歷最合適。

故選B項。B(2021新高考全國Ⅰ卷,B)Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,

althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。Robert

Titterton是一位律師,但他很喜歡音樂,業(yè)余時間他在舞臺上為鋼琴家Maria

Raspopova翻樂譜。翻樂譜這份工作看似簡單,其實要求很高。5.WhatshouldTittertonbeabletodotobeapageturner?A.Readmusic.B.Playthepiano.C.Singsongs.D.Fixtheinstruments.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“but

I’ve

learnt

to

read

music

so

I

can

help

Maria”可知,要想為鋼琴家翻樂譜,必須能夠識譜。故選A項。6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?A.Boring.

B.Well-paid.C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段和第四段內(nèi)容可推斷,在臺上為鋼琴家翻樂譜這項工作看似簡單,實則不然,是一份要求高的工作。故選C項。7.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages.B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects.D.Performinginhisownstyle.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知,舞臺上的無聲交流是很關鍵的,每位鋼琴家都有屬于自己風格的點頭示意的方式,翻樂譜的人必須學會察言觀色,才能與演奏者高度默契,而這需要雙方經(jīng)過大量的練習才能實現(xiàn)。故選B項。8.WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband“theworstpageturner”?A.Hehasverypooreyesight.B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic.D.Heforgetstodohisjob.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可推斷,Raspopova的丈夫其實很喜歡音樂,但是他在舞臺上只顧欣賞每一個音符,忘記了自己的本職工作,所以妻子才不斷提醒他,并稱其“the

worst

page

turner”。故選D項。文體3說明文2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷,C篇

主題語境:人與社會——生活

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.

Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up.

B.Add-on.C.Check-in. D.Take-over.30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.?語篇圖解A

book

summary

of

Digital

Minimalism

by

Cal

Newport?思路點撥28.根據(jù)第一段中的“The

goal

of

this

book

is

to

make

the

case

for

digital

minimalism...”可知,該書的目的是提倡一種簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選

項。

29.根據(jù)畫線詞后的“This

process

requires

you

to

step

away

from

optional

online

activities

for

thirty

days.”可知,這個過程(即指the

digital

declutter)要求讀者在30天內(nèi)遠離可選的網(wǎng)絡活動,所以作者應是建議讀者進行數(shù)字產(chǎn)品的清理。由此猜測,畫線詞declutter表示“清理”,與clear-up含義相近。故選

項。

BA30.根據(jù)第四段中的“You’ll

hear

these

participants’

stories

and

learn

what

strategies

worked

well

for

them,and

what

traps

they

encountered

that

you

should

avoid.”可知,在第一部分的最后一章中,作者提供了一些真實的案例。故選

項。

31.根據(jù)最后一段中的“You

can

view

these

practices

as

a

toolbox

meant

to

aid

your

efforts

to

build

a

minimalist

lifestyle

that

works

for

your

particular

circumstances.”可知,作者建議讀者把書中這些做法看作是一個工具箱,以此幫助自己建立一種適合個人特殊情況的極簡主義生活方式。由此可知,作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要來使用書中第二部分所提供的做法。

故選

項。CA?考情分析每套卷均有一至二篇說明文。說明文中考查主旨大意題、詞句猜測題、寫作意圖題和觀點態(tài)度題的頻率較高。?文體特點信息量大,難詞較多,句式復雜,理解起來難度較大。?讀文策略

策略指導技法解讀抓首尾段首段往往提出說明文的主題,尤其是研究類說明文,研究結(jié)果就是主題;尾段往往重申強調(diào)主題。梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)整體敘述+細節(jié)或過程說明+概括評述;現(xiàn)象+原因+后果/啟示/措施;研究發(fā)現(xiàn)/調(diào)查結(jié)果+研究/調(diào)查過程。破解長難句結(jié)合語境和所學語法知識破解結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的長難句。課堂應用A(2022全國乙卷,D)TheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers’effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。英國從2016年開始對軟飲料制造商征收“糖稅”,這個做法是為了確保兒童的身體健康。事實證明,截至目前,該政策已經(jīng)卓有成效。1.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,向制造商征收“糖稅”的目的是幫助減少兒童肥胖問題,也就是為了保護兒童健康。故選C項。2.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知,一些飲料制造商為了避免繳納“糖稅”,設法減少飲料的含糖量。故選D項。3.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知,A、B、C三項都是免稅的,只有經(jīng)典可樂接受了要繳納“糖稅”這件事。故選D項。4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,推行“糖稅”迫使一些軟飲料制造商減少了產(chǎn)品中糖的含量,而繳納的稅費被用于增加學校的體育設施和為學生提供更加健康的飲食。由此推斷,這種做法非常成功。故選B項。B(2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷,B)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it’smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymea