牛津譯林版高中英語模塊一至四語法總結及練習題

牛津譯林版高中英語模塊一至四語法總結及練習題

第一單元

一定語從句：定語從句的介紹

1.就像是一個形容詞或介詞短語修飾名詞一樣，定語從句也可以修飾名詞。定語從句所

修飾的名詞稱為先行詞。

形容詞：Thegreenteam

介詞短語：Theteamingreen

定語從句：Theteamwhowerewearinggreen

2.定語從句通常由關系代詞來引導，如which,that,who,whom,whose,或關系副詞來引

導,如when,where,why。關系代詞可以在定語從句中擔當主語，賓語，表語，定語；

關系副詞可以在定語從句中擔當狀語。

如：做主語Thetreeswhichareontheschoolcampushavelosttheirleaves.

做賓語Thestudentwhomwesawjustnowisthebestrunnerinourschool.

做表語Jackisnolongerthelazyboythatheusedtobe.

做定語ShehasabrotherwhosenameIcan'tremember.

做狀語TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.

二定語從句：關系代詞：that,which,who,whom,和whose

1.在定語從句中，that和which用來指代物。

eg：Thisisthestorythat/whichwewroteforourstorytellingcontest.

2.在定語從句中，who用來指代人。

eg：IamgoingtoseeafriendwhohasjustcomebackfromtheUK.

3.當who在定語從句中做賓語時，可以用whom來取代，且whom比who更正式。

eg：Idon'tknowthenameoftheteacherwho/whomIsawinthecomputerroomtheother

day.

4.當關系代詞在定語從句中做賓語時，who,whom,which和that可以被省略。

eg：Helikesallthebirthdaypresents(that/which)hisfriendsgavehim.

5.Whose用來表示所屬，它既可指人也可指物。

eg：IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiane.

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TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturday

afternoon.

第二單元

一定語從句：介詞提前的定語從句(preposition+which;preposition

+whom)

1.當關系代詞(which/whom)做定語從句中介詞的賓語時，可以把介詞提到關系代詞的

前面。

eg：Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.

2.在非正式英語中，介詞通常放在定語從句的最后。

eg：ArtisthesubjectwhichIknowlittleabout.

3.如果介詞放在定語從句的最后，which可以被that取代，whom可以被that和who取

代。

eg：Dadisapersonwhom/that/whoIcaneasilytalkto.

4.當關系代詞做定語從句中介詞的賓語，并且介詞又放在定語從句的末尾時，我們通常

省略關系代詞who和thato

eg：Thetopic(which)EricisinterestedinisPhysics.

Danielistheperson(whom)Iwanttomakefriendswith.

5.當先行詞是way時，我們用inwhich或that來引導定語從句，這種情況下，inwhich

或that可以被省略。

eg：Ididn'tliketheway(that/inwhich)shetalkedtome.

二定語從句：關系副詞：when,where,why

1.我們通常用關系副詞when引導先行詞是time,moment>day,season9year等的定

語從句。

eg：Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?

IoftenthinkofthemomentwhenIsawtheUFO.

2.我們通常用關系副詞where引導先行詞是place,house,city,country,city,world

等的定語從句。

eg：Thepolicesearchedthehousewherethethiefhadstayed.

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Thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunished.

3.我們通常用關系副詞why引導先行詞是reason的定語從句。

eg：Idon'tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.

4.在更加正式的英語中，where,when和why能夠被介詞+which所替代。

eg：Thestudyistheplacewhere/inwhichIoftenhavetalkswithmyfather.

Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichmyparentsgothomeearlier.

Itrainedthewholedaywhen/onwhichhetraveledwithhisfamily.

第三單元

一定語從句：非限制性定語從句

1.非限制性定語從句是一個為主句添加額外信息的從句，在非限制性定語從句前通常有

個逗號。

eg：Amy,whotookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.

Mypillsareinthebathroom,whereIalwayskeepthem.

2.當先行詞是整個主句時，可以用which來引導定語從句。

eg：Hemissedtheshow,whichwasagreatpity.

3.我們可以用all+whom/which來表示全部數量，用someof+whom/which來表示部分

數量。

eg：Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.

Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiet.

定語從句練習

1.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

2.IsthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

3.Isthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

4.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

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5.Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat

6.Thereasonisheisunabletooperatethemachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

7.Tiltellyouhetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which

8.Thattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

9.1haveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

10.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlast

night.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

11.Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

12.Didn'tyouseetheman?

InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow

C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow

13.Isthereanythingtoyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

14.——“Howdoyoulikethebook?^^

"--"It'squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.^^

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

15.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexceptwho

hadalreadytakenthem.

A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers

16.Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat

17.It'sthethirdtimelatethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived

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C.thatyou'vearrivedD.whenyou'vearrived

18.MaythefourthisthedayweChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich

19.Isitinthatfactory"RedFlag"carsareproduced?

A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that

20.HemustbefromAfrica,canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

21.Hehastwosons,workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

22.1,yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis

23.1don'tlikeyouspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

24.ThetwothingstheyfeltveryproudareJim'sgoldwatchandDella'shair.

A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich

25.Doyouknowwhichhotel?

A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin

26.Whocanthinkofasituationthisidiomcanbeused?

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat

27.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,_muchhelpforknowingspace,

whichwethinkitisB.whichwethinkareof

C.ofwhichwethinkisD.Ithinkwhichisof

28.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardtoatlast

A.comeB.cameC.comingD.comes

29.1likethesecondfootballmatchwasheldlastweek.

A.whichB.whoC.thatD./

30.ThisistheveryfilmI'velongwishedtosee.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom

3l.Thehousethecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.

A.thatB.whereC.whatD.when

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32.Thedoctordidalltosavethewoundedboy.

A.whathecouldB.hecouldC.everythingwhichhecouldD.forwhichhecoulddo

33.youknow,heisafamousmusician.

A.AsB.whichC.ThatD./

34.Heistheonlyoneofthethreegotthenewidea.

A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehad

35.Thisisthebabytomorrow.

A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafter

C.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafter

36.Thesestudentswillgraduatefromtheuniversitynextsummer,—theywillhavestudiedhere

forfouryears.

A.bythenB.bythattimeC.bywhattimeD.bywhichtime

37.Thisisthehousethewindowfacesthesouth.

A.ofwhichB.whichC.ofitD.whose

38.Itisfiveo'clockintheafternoontheyarrivedatthehotel.

A.sinceB.beforeC.whenD.that

39.Insomecountries,iscalled“equality“doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one

40.—Howaboutthegames?

一Veryinteresting,andtheonestheyoungmencompetedwerereallyexciting

A.whatB.forwhomC.whereD.inwhich

二附加疑問句

1.附加疑問句是放在陳述句后面的短問句。它們通常被用在口語中來引出一段對話，以

一個更加禮貌的方式來詢問信息，溫柔的發(fā)號施令或要求某人做某事。我們用附加疑

問句來詢問意見或征求同意。

當我們用附加疑問句來詢問意見時，為了期待對方能同意我們的觀點，附加疑問句會

用降調來表達。

當我們用附加疑問句來征求同意時，我們實際上是在詢問我們自己也不太能確信的事

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情，這時候附加疑問句會用升調來表達。

2.附加疑問句的構成有以下幾種：

1）在肯定的陳述句之后，我們會用否定的附加疑問句。在否定的陳述句之后，我們會用

肯定的附加疑問句。

eg：Wecanstillbefriends,can'twe?

Hedoesn'tlikeicecream,doeshe?

當主句中有像neither,none,nobody,nothingtfew,little>never,hardly或seldom

這類詞時，它們被認為是否定的，因此后面會跟個肯定的附加疑問句。

eg：Neitherofyouwillhavecoffee,willyou?

NoonehasfoundmyCD,havethey?

Nobodyunderstoodhisspeech,didthey?

Hissisterseldomargueswithpeople,doesshe?

人稱代詞如Lwe,you,he,she,it或they會放在附加疑問句中。

eg：Iwasprettysilly,wasn'tI?

Everyonehasadvisesyounottogoonadiet,haven'tyou?

助動詞，情態(tài)動詞或be動詞會放在附加疑問句中。

eg：Youliketraveling,don'tyou?

Thereissomethingwrong,isn'tthere?

Youcan'tspeakItalian,canyou?

祁使句后用willyou,Let's后用shallwe

eg：Postaletterforme,willyou?

Lefshaveabreak,shallwe?

反意疑問句

1Hehurthislegwhenplayingfootball.Heisveryunlucky,he?

AisBdidn'tCisn'tDdoes

2Johnisadiligentstudentwhospendsmostofhistimestudying,he?

Ahadn'tBhadCdoesDisn't

3-Theydon'tanswerthephonewhenIcall.

-Thereisn'tanyoneathomethen,___?

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Aisn'tthereBisthereCisitDisn'tit

4ItseldomsnowsinwinterinShanghai,_?

Adoesn'titBisn'titCisitDdoesit

5Shehasalreadyplansfbrthesummerholidays,?

Ahasn'tsheBisn'tsheCdoesn'tsheDhadn'tit

6Motherlovesreading.SheneverspendstimewatchingTV,?

AdoessheBwillsheChavesheDdoesn'tshe

7ItisthefirsttimethatshehasbeentotheUnitedStates,?

Aisn'tsheBisn'titChasn'tsheDhasn'tit

8Idon'tthinkheisright,_?

AdoIBdon'tICisheDisn'the

第一單元

-現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)

1.我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來表示在最近的過去發(fā)生的但跟現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的事情。

eg：ThedisappearanceofJustinhasmadeKellyveryunhappy.

2.我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來表示在過去剛開始，并且現(xiàn)在還沒結束的事情。

eg：IhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight.

當動作發(fā)生的確切時間不清楚或不重要時，我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。經常連用的時間

短語有：already,ever,for,just,lately,never,recently,since,yet,already用于肯定句，yet

用于否定句。

eg：Theboyhasalreadycomehome.

Ihaven'theardanythingfromhimyet.

for+一段時間since+點時間

eg：Wehaven'tseenhimfbrtwoyears.Wehaven'tseenhimsince2002.

注：當己給定具體的時間時，我們往往用一般過去時態(tài)，而不是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。

我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來談論剛剛完成的動作。

eg：Thepolicehavejustfinishedsearchingthearea.

我們也用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來表示重復的動作。

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eg：SomevillagessaythattheyhaveseenUFOsmanytimes.

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的構成是：have/has+動詞的過去分詞

二現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)

1.我們用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)來表示在過去發(fā)生的并且仍將繼續(xù)的動作。

eg：IhavenotbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.

2.我們用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)來表示剛剛結束但以某種方式和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的動作。

eg：■一SorryI'mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?

---Yes,Tvebeenwaitingforanhour.

3.現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的構成：have/has+been+doing

注：for和since和現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)連用。

eg：Ihavebeenwaitingforalongtime.

Hehasbeenwaitingsincenineo'clock.

三現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還是現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)

1.我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)來談論剛剛完成的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)來表示發(fā)生在過去

并且現(xiàn)在仍在發(fā)生的動作。

eg：LiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.(Shefinishedreadingthebook.)

LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.(Sheisstillreadingthebook.)

2.我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示重復的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)來表示不停的動作。

eg：IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.

IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)用于回答howmany/much的提問，現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)用于回答howlong

的提問。

eg：Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake?

Howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake?

3.狀態(tài)動詞和動作動詞都可以用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，但只有動作動詞可以用在現(xiàn)在完成進

行時態(tài)中。

eg：Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.(狀態(tài)動詞)

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IhavetakenphotosofUFOwiththiscamera.（動作動詞）

IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOwiththiscamera.（動作動詞）

注：動作動詞表示發(fā)生或變化的動作，如go,playo狀態(tài)動詞表示保持不變的動作，

如like,know,exist

4.當never,yet,already,ever出現(xiàn)在句子中時，只用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，而不用現(xiàn)在完成

進行時態(tài)。

eg：I'venevervisitedParis.

I'vealreadybeentoParis.

第二單元

一將來進行時態(tài)

1.我們用將來進行時態(tài)來：

1）談論將來一段時間正在進行的事情。

eg：TobywillbeclimbingintheHimalayasallnextweek

2）談論從將來的某一點開始并且有可能要持續(xù)一段時間的事情。

eg：TobywillnotbeinLondonnextTuesday.HewillbeclimbingintheHimalayas.

3）沒有任何意圖的表達將來的事情。

eg：TheweatherreportsaysthatitwillberainingwhenwearriveinLondon.

（在這種情況下表示事情是很自然的發(fā)生的，沒有人為的安排.）

4）禮貌地詢問有關其他人將來的計劃。

eg：WillyoubevisitingyouruncleinTanzania?

2.將來進行時態(tài)的構成：

1）陳述句：will（not）+v-ing

eg：lbbyandhisbrother,Colin,will（not）beflyingtoMorocco.

2）疑問句：will提到主語的前面

eg：WilltheybeflyingtoMoroccoon15thJuly?

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3)回答：will(not)

eg：Yes,theywill./No,theywillnot(won't)

二過去將來時態(tài)

1.我們用過去將來時態(tài)和過去進行時態(tài)來：

1)表示過去的將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作。

eg：Theysetoffat9a.m.andwouldreachtheairportanhourlater.

2)暗指一個過去的目的。

eg：Iwasgoingtoleave,butthenitrained.

3)暗指一個過去的安排。

eg：ColincalledJennifertosaythathewasseeingherlaterthatafternoon.

4)指代實際已經發(fā)生過的將來的動作。

eg：ThejourneythatwastochangeToby'slifestartedinJulythatyear.

2.陳述句中過去將來時態(tài)的構成：

1)would+動詞原形

eg：ItoldyouColinandIwouldspendafewweekstraveling.

2)was/weregoingto,was/wereto,was/wereaboutto

eg：Weweregoingtoseethewildanimals,butthenwedidn'thavetime.

Itwashislastdayatschoolhewastoleavethenextmorning.

Colinwasabouttogetoffthecamelwhenachildrantowardshim.

第三單元

一過去完成時態(tài)

1.我們用一般過去時態(tài)來談論一個過去的動作。當我們想要談論比過去更早的時間里發(fā)

生的事情時，就用過去完成時態(tài)。

eg：Uponenteringthetomb.Carter'sluckypetbird,whichhadledhimtotheplace,was

eatenbyasnake.

2.在直接引語中，我們用過去完成時態(tài)來指代說話的時候就已經發(fā)生的動作。直接引語

中的一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)在間接引語中改為過去完成時態(tài)。

eg：“Weemptiedthetombofeverythingitcontained,saidCarter.-------

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Cartersaidthattheyhademptiedthetombofeverythingitcontained.

3.過去完成時態(tài)只是指在另一個過去的動作之前發(fā)生的動作，并不是指發(fā)生在一長段時

間以前的動作。

eg：IhaddonemyhomeworkthismorningbeforeIwenttothemuseum.

4.過去完成時態(tài)經常跟以下引導的時間短語連用，如when,after,before,assoonas,until,

since,by,for,already.

eg：ThenafewmonthsafterCarterhadopenedthetomb,LordCarnarvonfellillwithafever

anddied.

5.過去完成時態(tài)的構成：had+v-ed

eg：HowardCarterhadreceivedmoneyfromLordCarnarvonbeforehemadehismost

amazingdiscovery.

二現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還是過去完成時態(tài)

1.當我們談論一個與現(xiàn)在有關的過去的事情時，我們用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。

eg：HowardCarterisoneofthemostfamousexplorerstheworldhaseverknown.

2.當我們在談論過去，并要說明一個更早發(fā)生的動作的時候，我們就要用過去完成時態(tài)。

eg：Notlongafterthetombhadbeenopened,peopleinCarter'steambegantofallillanddie

strangly.

語法復習?？於?/p>

I1—Alice'ssecond-handcomputerwrongalthoughsheuseditonlyonce.

AgoesBhasgoneCisgoingDhadgone

2Robertmehisaddresstheotherday,butI'mafraidIit.

Ahadgiven;lostBhasgiven;havelostCgave;havelostDgives;lost

3Inothingaboutitbeforeyoutoldmethenews

AknowBknewChadknownDhasknown

4—Whatthesedays?Stillbusywritingyournewbook?

—Yes,IthinkIcanfinishitnextweek.

AdoyoudoBhaveyoubeendoingChaveyoudoneDdidyoudo

5—whatwasthefilmlike?

—Well,I____itveryinteresting.

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Athought;wouldbeBthought;maybeCthink;isgoingtobeDthink;willbe

6Itwasthethirdtimethatheusabouthisstory.

AhastoldBtoldCistellingDhadtold

7IforgetwhatIwastaught,IonlyrememberwhatI.

AlearnBlearnedChavelearnedDhadlearned

8MyyoungersistertheYouthLeague__2004.

Ahasjoined;inBhasjoined;sinceChadjoined;sinceDjoined;in

9-Wheremypen?Icann'tfinditanywhere.

—I___itonthistable,butnow,it'sgone.

Adidyouput;haveputBhaveyouput;put

Chadyouput;wasputtingDwereyouputting;haveput

10Shewaspraisedfbrwhatshe_.

AhaddoneBhasdoneCwoulddoDdoes

11I___hewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish,infacthedidn't.

AhasthoughtBthoughtCthinkDhadthought

12—Tom,yourshirtissodirty?

—Mom,I___ourstoreroomdownstairsandIwillwashitafterfinishingthecleaning.

AcleanedBhavecleanedCwascleaningDhavebeencleaning

13They_friendssincetheymetinNewYork.

AhavemadeBhavebecomeChavebeenDhaveturned

14Nobodybutthetwins_someinterestintheprojecttillnow.

AshowsBshowChaveshownDhasshown

15.Thestudentsdon'twanttohavetheirsupperuntiltheytheirexperiment.

AfinishedBhavefinishedChadfinishedDwillfinish

16BynowstudentsinGradeOne1,700Englishwordsandphrases.

AshouldlearnBhavelearnedClearnedDlearn

17-Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting!

—Ihereforfiftyminutes.

AhavearrivedBhavegotChavereachedDhavebeen

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18-Wherehaveyoubeen?Iyouthewholeday.

—Iwasinthelibraryreadingmagazines.

AhavebeentelephoningBhadtelephonedCtelephonedDwastelephoned

19-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.

-Iamtired.Ithelivingroomallday.

ApaintedBhadpaintedChavebeenpaintingDhavepainted

20-whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?

-I____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.

AhadBwouldCwasgoingtoDdid

21-Willyoubefreeatthreeo'clocktomorrowafternoon.

—No,I_ameetingatthattime.

AwillhaveBwasgoingtohaveCwillbehavingDwouldhave

22-WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyouyesterday.

-Ijustfinishedmyhomeworkand___towatchTV.

Ahave;amgoingBhave;wasgoingChad;wasgoingDhad;amgoing

23-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.

-Oh,Ithoughtthathe___today.

AwascomingBiscomingCwillcomeDcomes

24WhenwereachNewYork,it.

AprobablywillrainBwillprobablyberaining

CisprobablyrainingDhasprobablyrained

25—Isthisthelastexamwehavetotakethisterm?

—Yes,butthere___anothertestthreemonthsfromnow.

AhasBisCwasDwillbe

26Itwassaidthatthemachine_sometimethenextweek.

AhadbeenrepairedBwouldrepairCwastoberepairedDneedsrepairing

27-Whydidyoubuythispaintsoearly?

—I___mybedroomtomorrow,butIchangedmymind.

AwasgoingtopaintBamgoingtopaintCampaintingDwillpaint

28AtthistimetomorrowI_areportinmyofficeandI_bynoon.

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AwillbewritingCwillhavefinishedBwillwriteDwillfinish

29（打算）seeMr.Lithisevening.

30-Haveyoucleanedyourroom?

—Sorry,Ihaven't.ButI（表意愿）goandcleanitatonce.

31ThejourneythatchangeToby'slifestartedinJulythatyear.（必然的情況）

32ItoldyouColinandIspendafewweekstraveling.（過去將來時）

33Weseethewildanimals,butthenwedidrTthavetime.（過去的打算）

34I___showyouthephoto___Iwasinterrupted.（正打算）

名詞性從句

名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從

句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句?

（-）引導名詞性從句的連接詞

1連接代詞：who,whose,whom,what,whicho有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，如主語、

表語、賓語、或定語等。

2、連接副詞：when,where,why,how。有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，作狀語。

3^連接詞：that,whether,if,asif。that無詞義，在從句中不擔任成分，有時可省略；if

（whether）,asif雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔任成分。

法意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接

代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分，連接詞whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在從句中

不充當句子成分，只起連接作用。根據句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if和asif

都用不上時，才用that作連接詞（that本身無任何含義）。

（二）主語從句

1、主語從句在復合句作主語。

e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.

2、用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。

e.g.Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.

3、that引導主語從句時，不能省略。

e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.

（三）表語從句

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1、表語從句在復合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。

e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.

2、引導表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。

e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.

(四)賓語從句

1、賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。

e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.

2、介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或whether。

e.g.I'minterestedinwhetheryou'vefinishedthework..

I'minterestedinwhatyou'vesaid.

3、whether與if都可以引導賓語從句，?？苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。

①賓語從句是否定句時，只用if,不用whether。

e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn'train.

②用if會引起誤解，就要用whethero

e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條

件句理解)

③賓語從句中的whether與ornot直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。

e.g.Idon'tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.

Idon'tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.

④介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導。whether可與不定式連用。whether也可引導主

語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if。但引導條件

從句時，只能用if,而不能用whether。

e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.

Theydon'tknowwhethertogothere.

Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.

(五)同位語從句

同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞(如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,

promise等)之后，說明該名詞的具體內容。

e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

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練習：

l.Thefactsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.

A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which

2.Thefacthewassuccessfulproveshisability.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why

3.Thenewshewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.

A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when

4.Hissuggestion__themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.

A.whichB.thatC./D.it

5.1havenoideahewillstart.

A.whenB.thatC.whatD./

6.Tvecomefromthegovernmentwithamessagethemeetingwon*tbeheldtomorrow.

A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which

7.Thethoughthemightfailintheexamworriedhim.

A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that

8.Theorder__theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.

A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what

9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfearhewoulddieofthedisease.

A.thatB.asC.ofwhichD.which

lO.Heoftenaskedmethequestiontheworkwasworthdoing.

A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when

11.AlongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

12.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatIthoughtwasadangerous

speed.

A.asB.whichC.whatD.that

13.Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmapwithout___wewouldhavelostourway.

A.itB.thatC.thisD.which

14.Therearesignsrestaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose

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15.Wecanseethesamesignsstandoutthroughoutthecity.

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose

主謂一致

在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主

謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

(-)語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。

1、以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般

用單數形式；主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./To

studyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwerein

theclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

注意由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是復

數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如：What

IboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.

2、由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。

如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprised

whentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.

注意??①若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數

形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.\/②由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no,

each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Everystudent

andeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.

3、主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,

ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式；

若主語為復數，謂語用復數形式。如：MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,ha