任務(wù)精讀：出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)（雙語）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)TunnelConstructionTechnologyMuckTransportationTechnology出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)目錄TableofContentsMuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading1運(yùn)渣Mucktransportation2卸渣Muckunloading3課程小結(jié)4Summary出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)

MuckTransportationTechnologyClassIntroduction在整個掘進(jìn)循環(huán)中，裝渣運(yùn)輸占用的比例一般為35％～50％。因此加快隧道的出渣運(yùn)輸速度是隧道施工進(jìn)度控制的重點(diǎn)。

Inthewholetunnelingcycle,theoccupationproportionofmuckloadingandtransportationisgenerally35%~50%.Therefore,speedingupthemucktransportationspeedofthetunnelisthekeypointoftunnelconstructionprogresscontrol.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology

要提高隧道施工速度，要根據(jù)條件和可能盡量選擇一些高效率的裝渣運(yùn)輸機(jī)具，并壓縮各工序的時間，對干擾較大的工序做到合理組織，妥善安排，這樣才能加快施工進(jìn)度。

Toimprovethespeedoftunnelconstruction,somehigh-efficiencymuckloadingandtransportationmachinesandtoolsshallbeselectedasfaraspossibleaccordingtotheconditionsandpossibilities,andthetimerequiredbyeachprocedureshallbereduced.Reasonableorganizationandproperarrangementshallbemadefortheprocedureswithgreatinterference,soastospeeduptheconstructionprogress.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology首先，我們要進(jìn)行出渣運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的選擇，而出渣運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的選擇需要了解開挖出渣土的速度及數(shù)量。

First,weshouldselectthemucktransportationequipment.Theselectionofmucktransportationequipmentrequiresanunderstandingofthespeedandquantityofmuckexcavation.裝渣MuckLoading01出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading出渣量MuckingvolumeMuckvolumecalculationformula:Z=RKLS渣量計算公式：Z=RKLSZ—單循環(huán)爆破后石渣量Zistheamountofrockballastaftersingle-cycleblastingR—巖體松脹系數(shù)RistheexpansioncoefficientofrockmassK—超挖系數(shù)Kistheover-excavationcoefficient,L—設(shè)計循環(huán)進(jìn)尺ListhedesigncyclicfootageS—開挖斷面面積Sistheexcavationsectionarea巖體級別

RockmassgradeVIVIVIIIIII土石名稱

Earth-rockname砂礫

Sandgravel粘性土

Cohesivesoil砂夾卵石

Sandmixedwithpebble硬粘土

Hardclay石質(zhì)

Rock石質(zhì)

Rock石質(zhì)

Rock石質(zhì)

Rock松膨系數(shù)

Expansioncoefficient1.151.251.301.351.61.71.81.85出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading裝渣生產(chǎn)率

裝渣機(jī)的選擇：按裝巖機(jī)的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)率大于需要的裝渣生產(chǎn)率，裝巖機(jī)的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)率僅為理論生產(chǎn)率的1/5～1/3。MuckloadingproductivityMuckvolumecalculationformula:A_b=K?DS/720RλSelectionofamuckloader:Accordingtothefactthattheactualproductivityoftherockloaderisgreaterthantherequiredmuckloadingproductivity,theactualproductivityoftherockloaderisonly1/5~1/3ofthetheoreticalproductivity.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading據(jù)隧道斷面的大小、長短、工期要求，還有施工單位現(xiàn)有的機(jī)械設(shè)備等條件綜合來選擇出渣運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，裝渣機(jī)械按其扒渣機(jī)構(gòu)型式可分為：

Accordingtothesize,lengthandconstructionperiodrequirementsofthetunnelsection,aswellastheexistingmechanicalequipmentoftheConstructionContractor,themucktransportationequipmentcanbecomprehensivelyselected.Accordingtothetypeofmucking-offmechanism,themuck-loadingmachinecanbedividedinto:挖斗式Buckettype鏟斗式Shoveltype蟹爪式Crab-clawtype立爪式Vertical-clawtype出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading挖斗式裝渣機(jī)Bucket-typemuckloader它的設(shè)備裝渣能力靈活，且可以下挖3m和兼作高8m范圍內(nèi)清理工作面及找頂工作。出渣速度一般，常用于較大斷面的隧道裝渣作業(yè)。

Itsequipmenthasaflexiblemuckloadingcapacity,andcanbeusedfordigging3mdownandcleaningtheworkingfaceandcarryingouttopcleaningwithintheheightof8m.Themuckingspeedisaverage,anditisoftenusedformuckloadingoperationswithlargetunnelsection.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading鏟斗式裝渣機(jī)Shovel-typemuckloader而鏟斗式裝渣機(jī)多采用輪胎走行，也有采用履帶走行或軌道走行的，鏟取力強(qiáng)，鏟斗容量大，裝渣速度快，但燃油廢氣污染洞內(nèi)空氣，須配備凈化器或加強(qiáng)隧道通風(fēng)，常用于較大斷面的隧道裝渣作業(yè)。

However,mostoftheshovel-typemuckloaderstravelwithtires,andsomeofthemalsotravelwithcrawlerbeltsortracks.thasstrongshovelingforce,largeshovelcapacityandfastmuck-loadingspeed,butthefuelexhaustgaswillpollutetheairinthetunnel.Therefore,purifiersmustbeprovidedortunnelventilationmustbestrengthened.Itisoftenusedformuckloadingoperationswithlargetunnelsection.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading蟹爪式裝渣機(jī)

crab-clawmuckloader多采用履帶走行，是一種連續(xù)裝渣機(jī)。因受蟹爪撥渣限制，巖渣塊度較大時，其工作效率降低，主要用于塊度較小的巖渣及土的裝渣作業(yè)。

Itisakindofcontinuousmuckloader,whichmostlytravelswithcrawlerbelts.Duetothemucking-offlimitationofthecrabclaw,whenthelumpinessofrockmuckislarge,itsworkingefficiencyisreduced.Itismainlyusedformuckloadingofrockmuckandsoilwithsmalllumpiness.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading立爪式裝渣機(jī)vertical-clawmuckloader立爪扒渣對巖渣的塊度大小適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，但是速度較慢，其工作寬度可達(dá)到3.8m，工作長度可達(dá)到前方3.0m。

Themucking-offoftheverticalclawhasstrongadaptabilitytothelumpinessofrockmuck,butthespeedisslow.Theworkingwidthcanreach3.8mandtheworkinglengthcanreach3.0mahead.大斗容的挖裝機(jī)裝載機(jī)出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology裝渣Muckloading隧道采用全斷面開挖裝渣時應(yīng)采用大斗容的挖裝機(jī)或裝載機(jī)；若采用臺階法施工的上部宜采用長臂挖掘機(jī)扒渣，而下部采用鏟斗式、挖斗式裝渣機(jī)裝渣。

Whenthefull-faceexcavationandmuckloadingisadoptedforthetunnel,themuckingloaderorloaderwithlargebucketcapacityshallbeused;Ifthebenchcutmethodisadoptedforconstruction,themucking-offoftheupperpartshallbecarriedoutwiththelong-armexcavator,andthemuckloadingofthelowerpartshallbecarriedoutwiththeshovel-typeandbucket-typemuckloader.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)

MuckTransportationTechnology隧道運(yùn)輸方式有軌運(yùn)輸無軌運(yùn)輸TunneltransportationmodeTrackTransportationTracklessTransportation運(yùn)渣MuckTransportation02出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology運(yùn)渣MuckTransportation有軌運(yùn)輸TrackTransportation優(yōu)點(diǎn)：有軌運(yùn)輸基本上不排出有害氣體，空氣污染較輕，設(shè)備構(gòu)造簡單，容易制作；占用空間小且固定等。Advantages:thetracktransportationbasicallydoesnotexhaustharmfulgases,withlessairpollution,simpleequipmentstructureandeasymanufacture;Itoccupiessmallspaceanditisfixed.缺點(diǎn)：軌道鋪設(shè)較復(fù)雜，維修工作量大；調(diào)車作業(yè)復(fù)雜；開挖面延伸軌道影響正常裝渣作業(yè)等。Thedisadvantageisthatthetracklayingiscomplicated,themaintenanceworkloadisheavy,theshuntingoperationiscomplex,andthetrackextensionontheexcavationsurfaceaffectsthenormalmuckloadingoperation,etc.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology運(yùn)渣MuckTransportation有軌運(yùn)輸TrackTransportation它適用于各種隧道開挖方法，尤其適用于較長的隧道運(yùn)輸，是一種適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)和較為經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)輸方式。Itisapplicabletovarioustunnelexcavationmethods,especiallysuitableforlongtunneltransportation,whichisahighlyadaptableandeconomicaltransportationmode.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology運(yùn)渣MuckTransportation無軌運(yùn)輸TracklessTransportation優(yōu)點(diǎn)：不需鋪設(shè)復(fù)雜的運(yùn)輸軌道，運(yùn)輸速度快、管理工作簡單、配套設(shè)備少。Advantages:forthetracklesstransportation,thelayingofcomplextransportationtracksisnotneeded.Thetransportationspeedisfast,themanagementworkissimple,andthesupportingequipmentisfew.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology運(yùn)渣MuckTransportation無軌運(yùn)輸TracklessTransportation缺點(diǎn)：洞內(nèi)空氣污染較為嚴(yán)重，尤其長期在長大隧道中使用，需要有強(qiáng)大的通風(fēng)設(shè)施。Thedisadvantageisthattheairpollutioninthetunnelisserious.Especiallyforthelong-termuseinlongandlargetunnels,powerfulventilationfacilitiesarerequired.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology運(yùn)渣MuckTransportation無軌運(yùn)輸TracklessTransportation它一般適用于大斷面開挖和短中等長度的隧道。Itisgenerallysuitablefortunnelswithlarge-sectionexcavationandshortandmedium-length.卸渣MuckUnloading03出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology卸渣MuckUnloading為了提高出渣運(yùn)輸速度，在我們選擇合適的出渣運(yùn)輸設(shè)備后，還需合理進(jìn)行施工組織：

Inordertoimprovethemucktransportationspeed,Afterweselecttheappropriatemucktransportationequipment,thereasonableconstructionorganizationalsoneedtobeconducted:出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology卸渣MuckUnloading首先，裝渣與運(yùn)輸機(jī)械選型應(yīng)遵循挖、裝、運(yùn)機(jī)械能力協(xié)調(diào)配套的原則，其運(yùn)輸機(jī)械配置能力不應(yīng)小于挖裝能力的1.2倍。

First,themuckloadingandtransportationmachineryshallbeproperlyselectedtoensureconcordantcapacitiesofexcavation,loading,andtransportationmachinery.Theconfiguredcapacityoftransportationmachineryshallnotbelessthan1.2timesoftheexcavationandloadingcapacity.出渣運(yùn)輸技術(shù)MuckTransportationTechnology卸渣MuckUnloading其次，要做好隧道內(nèi)材料堆放，并及時進(jìn)行仰拱臨時棧橋施工，避免因仰拱的施工影響出渣運(yùn)輸。

Secondly,thematerialsinthetunnelshallbeproperlystacked,andtheconstructionofthetemporaryinvertedarchtrestleshallbecarriedoutintime