新高考新教材廣西專版2025屆高考英語二輪總復習閱讀理解能力升級練考點分類練四推理判斷題觀點態(tài)度類

考點分類練(四)推理推斷題——觀點看法類A(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.1.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.2.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent3.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful. D.Approving.B(2024·山東菏澤一模)CharviGoyalisahighschoolstudentfromDallas,Texas,whohelpsoutotherclassmatesbytutoringthembetweenclasses.Atutorissomeonewhoteachesonepersonoraverysmallgroupofstudents.WhenGoyal’shighschoolmovedonlinebecauseofthepandemic,shedecidedtotakeherteachingonline.ThejuniorandthreeofherfellowstudentscreatedTutorScope,aprogrammethatoffersfreetutoringservicestootherchildren,includingyoungerones.Itstartedwithasmallnumberoftutorswhohelpedyoungpeopleintheircity.Butithasgrownintoagroupof22tutorsfromTexas,ArizonaandOhio.Theyhavehelpedmorethan300students.TutorScopeaimstogivetheone-on-onehelpthatteachershavetraditionallygivenwhilewalkingaroundtheirclassrooms.Butnow,manyteacherscannotprovidethatone-on-onesupportbecausetheylacktimeorhaveissueswithtechnology.SarahNewmansaidherchildren,7-year-oldtwins,hadhelpfulTutorScopeexperiences.“Withthesetutors,Irealisetheyhavetime,”shesaid,“Ithinktheyareverypatientwiththeseyoungerkids,whichIdonotevenhaveasamother.Ihavepatienceforotherthings,butIdon’thavepatienceforteaching.”WhatmakestheTutorScopeeffortspecialistheconnectionbetweentheteenagevolunteersandtheotherstudentstheyarehelping.Althoughthepandemichasforcedmanystudentstolookinward,Goyalsaidthatworkingwithothersonabigprojecthadpermittedhertolookoutward.“Myconfidencelevelhasincreased,”Goyalsaid.Sheaddedthatshehasmadefriendswithotherstudentsfromherschool.Shesaidoneofthebestthingsaboutrunningagrowingnon-profitprogrammeisthatitdoeshelpwiththeboredomofbeingstuckathome.5.WhatdidGoyaldobecauseofthepandemic?A.Shehelpedherclassmatesatschool.B.Shegotactiveinfightingadisease.C.Sheofferedonlineclassestostudents.D.Shewenttoanothercountryforhelp.6.What’sthepurposeofTutorScope?A.Togiveonlinehelp.B.Tomakeprofits.C.Tomakefriends.D.Tochoosevolunteers.7.What’sSarahNewman’sattitudetowardstheprogramme?A.Favourable. B.Tolerant.C.Skeptical. D.Critical.8.WhatcanwelearnfromGoyal’ssuccess?A.Puttingthecartbeforethehorse.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Nomancandotwothingsatonce.D.Helpingotherswillbenefitoneself.C(2024·安徽安慶高三二模)Onlineeducationhasgrownfastoverthepasttenyears.Theexplosionoftechnologyhasmadeteachingoutsidethetraditionalclassroompossibleforteachersandhasprovidedlearnerswitheasyaccesstocoursematerials.InApril,2005,Iwasapproachedbyastudentwhowasinterestedinourdoctoralprogramme.However,thefirstquestionoutofhermouthwas,“Doyouofferanyonlinecourses?”Laterthatday,asIwasreadingtheconferenceprogrammeguideandtryingforinterestingpresentations,Inoticedmanyworkshopsonweb-basedlearningandonlineeducation.Ilaterattendedtwoofthoseworkshopsandmetseveralprofessorsfromdifferentuniversitieswhohadeithertaughtonlinecoursesforquitesometimeorwhowerediscoveringthebestpracticeforteachingonline.Theseexperienceshelpedmerealiseatleasttosomeextentthedegreeofgrowthinonlineeducation.Imadeseveralattemptstoenrichmyknowledgeofdistancelearningandonlineteaching.Iconsultedwithmycolleagueswhowereteachingonlinecourses.Thishelpedmerecognisetheimportanceofgettingmaterialspreparedevenbeforethestartofaterm.Ialsolearnedthatonlinecoursesmayconsumemoretimethanregularclassroomteaching.AndIattendedseveralworkshopsregardingonlineeducationandestablishedanetworkwiththosewhowereinvolvedinonlineprogrammesatotheruniversities.IwillconsiderthesepeopleasmyconsultantsasIbegintodesignmyownonlinecourse.Also,Iconductedabriefsurveywith15studentsandtwostaffmemberswhohadtakenortaughtanonlinecoursebeforetounderstandtheirexperience.EventuallyIcompletedaliteraturereviewwhichgavemethefoundationandthebackgroundofunderstandingtheneedforonlineeducation.9.Whydidtheauthortakeastudentforexample?A.Toshowstudents’loveforthedoctoralprogramme.B.Topersuadelearnersoftraditionaleducation.C.Toexplainthegrowingtrendofonlineeducation.D.Topredictthefutureoftheteachingcareer.10.Whatcausedtheauthortoknowmoreaboutonlineeducation?A.Theappetiteforknowledge.B.Theprofessionalresponsibilities.C.Therequirementofresearch.D.Thecolleagues’encouragement.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoonlineeducation?A.Carefree. B.Doubtful.C.Supportive. D.Unwilling.

參考答案考點分類練(四)推理推斷題——觀點看法類【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新探討,該探討闡述了“群體才智”效應的基本原理。1.B解析段落大意題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors...resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.”可知,當足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時,它們就會相互抵消,從而得到更精確的估計。由此可知,本段說明白“群體才智”效應的基礎(chǔ)邏輯。故選B項。2.D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthat...thanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.”可知,Navajas的探討表明,即使在個體估計不是完全獨立的狀況下,其精確率的提高也是可以做到的。故選D項。3.C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“...theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.”可知,后續(xù)探討的重點是小組內(nèi)的探討過程。故選C項。4.D解析觀點看法題。依據(jù)文章最終一段內(nèi)容可知,盡管Navajas的探討有局限性,仍存在很多問題,但對小組探討和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。由此可推知,作者對Navajas的探討是持贊成看法的。故選D項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了中學生CharviGoyal在疫情期間通過網(wǎng)絡教學幫助了學生,同時也增加了自己的自信念。5.C解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的“WhenGoyal’shighschoolmovedonlinebecauseofthepandemic,shedecidedtotakeherteachingonline.”可知,疫情期間她為學生供應了在線課程。故選C項。6.A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的“ThejuniorandthreeofherfellowstudentscreatedTutorScope,aprogrammethatoffersfreetutoringservicestootherchildren,includingyoungerones.”可知,TutorScope的目的是供應在線幫助。故選A項。7.A解析觀點看法題。依據(jù)第四段的“‘Withthesetutors,Irealisetheyhavetime,’shesaid,‘Ithinktheyar