新教材2024版高中英語Unit5EducationPartBLesson1EnlighteningaMind學生用書北師大版選擇性必修第二冊

PartBLesson1EnlighteningaMind【學習目標】課時詞匯重點短語經(jīng)典句式tendency,stream,grasp,expand,exceptionally,severe,unbearable,troublesome,relate,technique,initially,excitement,painful,apparent,disappointed,breakthrough,vividhaveatendencyto,relateto,thekeyto,beeagerto,beenthusiasticabout,withthehelpof,inaflash1.bythetime引導的時間狀語從句；2．it作形式賓語；3．含without的含蓄虛擬語氣；4．with＋復合賓語；5．nowthat引導緣由狀語從句【單詞巧練寫準記牢】核心單詞練習：請依據(jù)所給英語單詞和詞性寫出漢意或依據(jù)漢意和詞性寫出正確單詞1．enlightenvt.________________2．troublesomeadj.________________3．stubbornadj.________________4．superbadj.________________5．eyesightn.________________6．straightforwardadj.________________7．dolln.________________8．streamn.________________9．liquidn.________________10．________________adj.珍貴的11．graspvt.________________12．vocabularyn.________________13．rayn.________________14．a(chǎn)bstractadj.________________15．conceptn.________________16．________________n.突破；重大進展17．necklacen.________________18．foreheadn.________________19．vividadj.________________20．exceptionallyadv.________________exceptionaladj.________________[詞語積累][1]enlighten/?n'la?tn/vt.啟迪；指導，教化[2]HelenKeller/'hel?n'kel?/海倫·凱勒[3]exceptionally/?k'sep??n?li/adv.極其，特別[4]bythetime到……的時候[5]severe/s?'v??/adj.很嚴峻的[6]restriction/r?'str?k??n/n.限制，規(guī)定，約束[7]communicationn．溝通，溝通；傳達[8]behaviourn．行為，舉止behavev．使守規(guī)則；表現(xiàn)[9]unbearable/?n'be?r?b?l/adj.難以忍受的；承受不住的[10]troublesome/'tr?b?ls?m/adj.引起麻煩的；令人苦惱的[11]stubborn/'st?b?n/adj.固執(zhí)的，執(zhí)拗的；倔強的[12]tendency/'tend?nsi/n.傾向haveatendencytodosth.傾向于做某事[13]superb/sju?'p??b/adj.極好的，卓越的[14]AnneSullivan/'?n?'s?l?v?n/安妮·莎莉文[15]formeradj.前者的，前任的[16]theblind盲人(the＋adj.表示一類人)[17]Boston/'b?st?n/波士頓[18]eyesight/'a?sa?t/n.視力[19]aswell也，同樣地[20]relate/r?'le?t/vi.理解；相聯(lián)系relateto...理解……；與……有關系[21]technique/tek'ni?k/n.技巧，手法[22]straightforward/?stre?t'f??w?d/adj.簡潔的，易懂的；懇切的，坦率的[23]startwith從……起先[24]doll/d?l/n．玩偶[25]initially/?'n???li/adv.起初[26]excitement/?k'sa?tm?nt/n．興奮，激烈excitevt.使興奮，刺激excitingadj.令人興奮的，使人激烈的[27]holdup舉起[28]simplyadv.僅僅；簡直；簡潔地；樸實地[29]imitation/??m?'te???n/n．仿照，仿效[30]welln．井[31]stream/stri?m/n．水流[32]movementn．運動，活動movev．移動，搬家；使感動[33]liquid/'l?kw?d/n．液體[34]precious/'pre??s/adj.珍貴的[35]openup打開，開發(fā)[36]nowthat既然，因為[37]grasp/grɑ?sp/vt.理解，領悟[38]beeagertodosth.渴望做某事[39]as...assb.can盡可能……＝as...aspossible[40]gradual/'gr?d?u?l/adj.漸漸的，逐步的[41]painful/'pe?nf?l/adj.令人苦痛的；困難的；難受的painn．苦痛；難受[42]enthusiastic/?n?θju?zi'?st?k/adj.熱心的，熱衷的beenthusiasticabout熱衷于；對……充溢熱忱[43]vocabulary/v?'k?bj?l?ri/n．詞匯量[44]expand/?k'sp?nd/vi.&vt.(使)擴大；增加[45]leadsb.todosth.導致某人做某事[46]complex/'k?mpleks/adj.困難的；難以理解的[47]violet/'va??l?t/n．紫羅蘭[48]gently/'d?entli/adv.和順地；和順地；平緩地[49]drawv．拉；吸引[50]closeto靠近……[51]pointto...指向……[52]puzzle/'p?z?l/vt.使困惑，使迷惑puzzledadj.困惑的；茫然的puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的[53]apparent/'?p?r?nt/adj.自不待言的；明白的apparentlyadv.看來，明顯[54]keepondoingsth.不斷做某事，接著做某事[55]sweetnessn．甜，芳香[56]warmthn．溫煦；熱忱[57]ray/re?/n.(太陽或月亮的)光線[58]confusedadj.迷惑的confusingadj.令人迷惑的confusevt.使迷惑[59]disappointed/?d?s?'p??nt?d/adj.悲觀的，懊喪的[60]abstract/'?bstr?kt/adj.抽象的[61]concept/'k?nsept/n．概念；想法[62]breakthrough/'bre?kθru?/n．突破；重大進展[63]necklace/'nekl?s/n．項鏈[64]withthehelpof...在……的幫助下[65]makemistakes/amistake犯錯誤[66]uncertainadj.不確定的[67]fixv．修理，修理；解決[68]stoptodosth.停下去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事[69]forehead/'f??hed/n．額，前額[70]inaflash瞬間；一剎那間[71]atthatmoment就在那時[72]returnto回到；復原到[73]thinkabout考慮，思索[74]comeout出來；出版[75]inaway在某種程度上；有點兒[76]pourinto灌注，灌輸；倒入[77]vivid/'v?v?d/adj.生動的，逼真的[78]truthn．真理，真相；事實ENLIGHTENING[1]AMINDHelenKeller[2]wasanexceptionally[3]specialgirl.Bythetime[4]shewassevenyearsold,shestillcouldn'tspeak,readorwriteandneededtohaveeverythingdoneforher.Thiswasbecauseshecouldn'tseeorhear【1】.Withthesesevere[5]restrictions[6]tohercommunication[7]，Helen'sbehaviour[8]wasoftenunbearable[9].Shewassometimestroublesome[10]，stubborn[11]andangry,andhadatendency[12]tobreakthingswhennooneunderstoodher.【1】Thiswasbecause...“這是因為……”，because引導表語從句。Helen'sparentsgotasuperb[13]teacherrecommended【2】tothem,awomannamedAnneSullivan[14].Annewasateacherandformer[15]studentataschoolfortheblind[16]inBoston[17].She'dhadeyesight[18]problemsearlyinlifeaswell[19]soshecouldrelate[20]toHelen'sdifficulties.【2】gotasuperbteacherrecommended是getsb./sth.done結(jié)構(gòu)，asuperbteacher與recommend之間是被動關系。Anne'stechnique[21]toteachHelenlanguage【3】wassimpleandstraightforward[22].AnnespeltwordsbywritingonHelen'shandsothatHelencouldgetamentalpictureofthewords【4】.Shestartedwith[23]theword“doll”.ShewouldletHelenplaywiththedoll[24]【5】，andthenspelltheletters“D-O-L-L”onherhand.Whentheyinitially[25]didthis,Helenthoughtitwasagame.Shewroteaboutherexcitement[26]laterinherbook,TheStoryofMyLife：“Runningdownstairstomymother【6】，Iheldup[27]myhandandmadethelettersfor‘doll’.IdidnotknowthatIwasspellingawordoreventhatwordsexisted;Iwassimply[28]makingmyfingersgoinmonkey-likeimitation[29]【7】．”【3】toteachHelenlanguage是動詞不定式短語作定語，修飾名詞technique?！?】sothatHelencouldgetamentalpictureofthewords是sothat引導的目的狀語從句，sothat表示“為了，以便”?！?】playwiththedoll是動詞不定式短語作賓補，因為前面是使役動詞let，故此處省略了不定式符號to。【6】Runningdownstairstomymother是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，句子主語I與run之間是主動關系。【7】goinmonkey-likeimitation是動詞不定式短語作賓補，因為前面是使役動詞make，所以此處省略了不定式符號to。Whentheywereatthewell[30]oneday,AnneputoneofHelen'shandsunderthestream[31]ofwater.AsthewaterflowedoverHelen'shand【8】，Annespeltout“W-A-T-E-R”intoHelen'sotherhand.AsAnnewroteonHelen'shand【9】，Helensuddenlyrealisedthatthemovement[32]ofthefingersmeantthecoolliquid[33]flowingoverherhand【10】.Thisprecious[34]knowledgegaveherhopeandjoy.Finally,shegottheworldofwordsopenedup[35]toher.【8】AsthewaterflowedoverHelen'shand是as引導的時間狀語從句，as意為“當……的時候”?！?】AsAnnewroteonHelen'shand是as引導的時間狀語從句，as意為“當……的時候”。【10】flowingoverherhand是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞liquid，liquid與flow之間是主動關系。Nowthat[36]Helengrasped[37]thekeytolanguage【11】，shewasveryeagerto[38]learnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould[39].Childrenwhocanseeandhear【12】learnlanguageeasily,butforHelen,itwasagradual[40]andsometimespainful[41]process.However,becauseHelenwassoenthusiastic[42]aboutlearning,theresultswereamazing.【11】Nowthat...language是nowthat引導的緣由狀語從句，nowthat表示“既然”。【12】whocanseeandhear是定語從句，修飾先行詞Children，關系代詞who指代人，在從句中作主語。AsHelen'sknowledgeandvocabulary[43]expanded[44]【13】，sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.Thissoonledherto[45]discovermorecomplex[46]wordsandchangedherthinkingprocess【14】.Tryingtolearntheword“l(fā)ove”【15】wasanexperiencethatsherememberedwell【16】.Thisishowshedescribeditinherbook【17】：“IrememberthemorningthatIfirstaskedthemeaningoftheword‘love’.ThiswasbeforeIknewmanywords【18】.Ihadfoundafewearlyviolets[47]inthegardenandbroughtthemtomyteacher...MissSullivanputherarmgently[48]roundmeandwroteonmyhand，‘IloveHelen.’‘Whatislove？’Iasked.Shedrew[49]mecloserto[50]herandsaid，‘Itishere，’pointingto[51]myheart...Herwordspuzzled[52]meverymuchbecauseIdidnotthenunderstandanythingunlessItouchedit【19】．”【13】AsHelen's...expanded是as引導的時間狀語從句，as意為“隨著”?！?4】thinkingprocess中thinking是動名詞作定語，修飾process?！?5】單個動名詞短語Tryingtolearntheword“l(fā)ove”作句子主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)was?！?6】thatsherememberedwell是定語從句，修飾先行詞anexperience，關系代詞在從句中作remembered的賓語。【17】howshedescribeditinherbook在系動詞is后面，是表語從句?！?8】beforeIknewmanywords在系動詞was后面，是表語從句?！?9】because引導緣由狀語從句；unlessItouchedit是條件狀語從句。Althoughthemeaningoflovewasstillnotapparent[53]toHelen【20】，shekeptontrying[54]tounderstandit.“Ismeltthevioletsinherhandandasked,halfinwords,halfinsigns,aquestionwhichmeant，‘Islovethesweetness[55]offlowers？’【21】‘NO，’saidmyteacher.”【20】Althoughthemeaningoflove...是although引導的讓步狀語從句?！?1】whichmeant，‘Is...flowers？’是定語從句，修飾先行詞aquestion，which在從句中作主語。WhenHelenandAnnewereoutsideoneday,Helenfeltthewarmth[56]ofthesun'srays[57].Shepointedupandaskedifthatwaslove.Whenherteachersaidthatitwasn't,shewasconfused[58]anddisappointed[59].“Ithoughtitstrangethatmyteachercouldnotshowmelove【22】．”【22】Ithought...love是復合句，主句是“動詞＋it＋賓補＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式賓語，從句thatmyteacher...love是真正的賓語。Theword“think”wasalsoadifficultoneforHelenbecauseitissuchanabstract[60]concept[61]【23】.However,onedayasshewasworkingonasimpletask【24】，shehadabreakthrough[62].Shewasmakingnecklaces[63]withthehelpof[64]Annewhenshenoticedthatshehadmadesomemistakes[65]【25】.Becauseshewasuncertain[66]howtofix[67]them,shestoppedtothink[68]carefully.Asshedidthis,AnnetouchedHelen'sforehead[69]andwrotetheword“think”onherhand.“Inaflash[70]Iknewthatthewordwasthenameoftheprocessthatwasgoingoninmyhead【26】．”【23】becauseitis...concept是because引導的緣由狀語從句?！?4】asshewasworkingonasimpletask是as引導的時間狀語從句，as意為“當……的時候”?！?5】本句是并列句，運用“wasdoing...when...”句型，“正在做……這時……”，并列連詞when意為“這時”?！?6】thatwasgoingoninmyhead是定語從句，修飾先行詞theprocess，關系代詞that在從句中作主語。ItwasthefirsttimeHelenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword【27】—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch.Atthatmoment[71],hermindreturnedto[72]theword“l(fā)ove”.Asshethoughtabout[73]itsmeaningagain,thesuncameout[74].Shepointedtothesunandaskedherteacheragainifthatwaslove.AnneansweredHelenbyexplainingthatlovewaslikethesunandcloudsinaway[75]【28】．【27】Itwasthefirsttime...是固定句式，Itwasthefirsttime是主句，Helenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword是定語從句，非正式英語中省略了time后面的定語從句關系詞that?！?8】explainingthat...way是動名詞短語，作介詞by的賓語，其中thatlovewas...way是explaining的賓語從句?！癥oucannottouchtheclouds,youknow;butyoufeeltherain...Youcannottouchloveeither;butyoufeelthesweetnessthatitpoursinto[76]everything【29】.Withoutloveyouwouldnotbehappyorwanttoplay【30】．”【29】thatitpoursintoeverything是定語從句，修飾先行詞thesweetness，關系代詞that在從句中作動詞pours的賓語。【30】本句是以否定介詞without引起的含蓄虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的狀況，謂語用“情態(tài)動詞＋動詞原形”。Inthatvivid[77]moment,Helenfinallyunderstoodthebeautifultruth[78]oftheword“l(fā)ove”．啟迪心靈海倫·凱勒是一個特別特別的女孩。她七歲時，仍不會說話，不能讀書也不會寫字，一切都須要別人照看。這是因為她看不見也聽不見。這些嚴峻的障礙限制了海倫的正常溝通，也讓她的行為經(jīng)常令人難以忍受。海倫有時很煩人、很固執(zhí)，而且很易怒。假如沒有人能理解她的意思，她就會摔東西。海倫的父母經(jīng)人舉薦，聘請了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的優(yōu)秀老師。安妮曾是波士頓一所盲人學校的老師，也曾在那兒上過學。她小時候視力也有障礙，所以能理解海倫所面臨的逆境。安妮教海倫學習語言的方法簡潔明白。她在海倫手上拼法單詞，使海倫聯(lián)想到單詞的畫面。安妮給海倫拼法的第一個詞是“doll”。她先讓海倫和洋娃娃玩耍，然后在海倫的手上拼法“D-O-L-L”。剛起先海倫以為這是在玩嬉戲。后來在《我的人生故事》一書中，她描述了自己的興奮之情：“我跑下樓去見我母親，舉起手來，也給她拼法字母組成‘doll’?？晌夷菚r并不知道自己在拼法單詞，甚至壓根不知道詞匯的存在。我僅僅是亦步亦趨地用手指仿照老師。”一天，她們在井邊，安妮把海倫的一只手放在水流下。水流過海倫的手掌，安妮在她的另一只手上拼法“W-A-T-E-R”。安妮在海倫手上寫的時候，海倫突然意識到，手指的動作代表的是流過自己手掌的涼快的液體。這珍貴的學問給她帶來希望和歡樂。最終，她打開了語言世界的大門。由于海倫理解了語言的關鍵，她特別渴望學習更多語言，并且盡可能運用它。正常的孩子能聽、能看，學起語言來很簡潔。但對海倫來說，學習語言是個漸進的過程，有時會很苦痛。然而，由于海倫對學習有極高的熱忱，學習成果令人驚異。隨著海倫學問和詞匯量的不斷擴大，她提出的問題也越來越多。這很快使她學會了更困難的單詞，從而變更了思維的過程。她很清晰地記得學習“l(fā)ove”這個單詞的難忘閱歷。在書中她這樣描述道：“我記得有一天早上，我第一次問‘love’這個詞的含義。那時我的詞匯量還很有限。我在花園里發(fā)覺了早開的紫羅蘭，摘下一些帶給老師……莎莉文老師和順地摟著我，在我的手上寫著：‘我愛海倫。’‘什么是愛？’我問道。她把我拉得離她更近了一些，指著我的心臟說，‘愛在這里?！脑捔钗姨貏e困惑，因為以往我只有觸遇到實際物體，才能理解它的意思。”盡管對海倫來說，愛的意義還不明確，但她始終試著理解?！拔衣劻寺勊掷锏淖狭_蘭，半拼法半比劃地問了個問題，意思是‘愛是花朵的香味嗎？’‘不，’我的老師回答道?！币惶旌屠蠋熢谑彝?，海倫感受到了陽光的溫煦。她指了指太陽，問老師那是不是愛，老師說不是，海倫感到更困惑了，而且有些悲觀?！拔矣X得很驚異，因為我的老師不能給我表示什么是愛?！薄皌hink”這個詞對海倫來說也很難理解，因為它是一個很抽象的概念。然而有一天，在做一項簡潔的任務時，她取得了突破。她正在安妮的幫助下做項鏈，這時她發(fā)覺自己犯了一些錯。海倫不確定該如何解決，便停下來細致思索。在她思索的時候，安妮點了點海倫的額頭，在她的手上寫“think”這個詞?！八查g我就明白了，我頭腦中進行的活動就是這個詞的意思。”那是海倫第一次明白一個如此困難的詞語的意思——一個(代表)她觸摸不到的東西的詞語。這時，海倫又想起了“l(fā)ove”。她再次思索“l(fā)ove”是什么意思，恰巧這時太陽出來了。海倫指著太陽又問老師那是不是愛。安妮說明道，愛在某種程度上就像太陽和云彩?！澳阒绬?，你摸不到云彩，但是你能感覺到雨……你也觸摸不到愛，但是你能感覺到愛給萬物帶來的甜蜜。沒有愛，你就不會歡樂，也不會想玩耍?！本驮谀莻€動人的時刻，海倫最終明白了“l(fā)ove”這個詞語蘊含的漂亮的真諦。Ⅰ.課文結(jié)構(gòu)圖示Ⅱ.課文預習自測1.Fromthepassagewecanknowthat________．A．HelenknewwellhowtolearnabstractwordsB．Helenhadsomedifficultylearningwordsthatshecouldn'ttouchC．Helengaveuptryingwhenshecouldn'tunderstandthemeaningof“l(fā)ove”D．Helencouldlearnlanguageaseasilyaschildrenwhocouldseeandhear2.Whatcannotwelearnfromthepassage?A．Beforesevenyearsold,Helencouldcommunicatewithherparentsinsimplelanguage.B.AnneSullivanhadsometeachingexperiencebeforeshecametoteachHelen.C．AnneSullivanwasverypatientandlovedHelenverymuch.D．WhenHelenlearnedlanguage,shefolloweda“simpletocomplex”way.3.Whywasherteachersoimportanttoher?A．Herteachercouldlookafterheranddressher.B.Onlyherteachercouldpunishher.C．Herteachercouldunderstandhersituationandteachherhowtocommunicate.D．Herteachercouldteachherhowtocommunicatewithothers.4.Inwhichorderdoestheauthororganisethepassage?A.Time.B．Place.C．People.D．Theprocessoflearningwords.5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．It'sabouthowHelenKellerlearntfromherteacher.B．It'saboutapoorgirl,HelenKeller.C．It'saboutHelenKellerandherteacher.D．It'saboutHelenKeller'ssuccess.?第一版塊：重點單詞1．exceptionallyadv.極其，特別exceptionaladj.杰出的；優(yōu)秀的；卓越的；異樣的；特別的；罕見的(教材P30)HelenKellerwasanexceptionallyspecialgirl.海倫·凱勒是一個特別特別的女孩。exceptprep.除……之外exceptionn.例外?Heisanexceptionallyhumorouspersonwhoisalwaysbringinglaughtertous.他是一個特別幽默的人，總是給我們帶來笑聲。?He'sanexceptionallytalenteddancerandneedstopractiseseveralhourseveryday.他是位特別有天賦的舞蹈家，每天須要練幾小時。?Attheageoffive,heshowedexceptionaltalentasamusician.他五歲時就表現(xiàn)出非凡的音樂才能。?Thequalityoftherecordingisquiteexceptional.錄音質(zhì)量相當不錯。?Irecommendhimwithoutreservation,asIbelieveyouwillappreciatehisexceptionaltalentinhisstudies.我毫無保留地向你舉薦他，因為我信任你會觀賞他在探討上的非凡實力。[歸納拓展]exceptionally用于形容詞和副詞之前表示強調(diào)。showexceptionaltalentasamusician表現(xiàn)出非凡的音樂才能anexceptionalstudent出類拔萃的學生exceptionalbravery非凡的志氣inexceptionalcircumstances在特別狀況下anexceptionalcase不尋常的狀況[即學即練]單句語法填空①About12%ofthecountryisinan“________(exception)”drought,theworstcategory.②Everyonehasthepotentialtodothingswellifheputshisheartintowhatheisdoingandthereisno________(except).③Theweather,evenforJanuary,was________(exception)cold.完成句子④Heinsiststhatattitudebe________________(相當重要)whendealingwithadifficultcustomer.2.restrictionn．限制，規(guī)定，約束restrictvt.限制，約束restrictedadj.受限制的；有限的restrictiveadj.限制性的；約束的(教材P30)Withthesesevererestrictionstohercommunication,Helen'sbehaviourwasoftenunbearable.這些嚴峻的障礙限制了海倫的正常溝通，也讓她的行為經(jīng)常令人難以忍受。removerestrictions解除限制relaxrestrictions放寬限制withoutrestriction沒有限制地restrictoneselfto限制自己berestrictedto局限于……?Werestrictthenumberofstudentsperclassto50.我們將每個班的學生人數(shù)限定為50人。?Fogseverelyrestrictedvisibility.濃霧嚴峻影響了能見度。[歸納拓展]impose/placearestrictionon...對……實行限制[即學即練]單句語法填空①Weshouldplacea________(restrict)onthespeedofcars.②Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestricted________dryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.③Thetournamentis________(restrict)toplayersundertheageof23.④Theschoolrestrictsthenumberofstudentsperclass________50.⑤Membershipoftheclubis________(restrict)towomenonly.3.unbearableadj.難以忍受的；承受不住的unbearablyadv.難以忍受地；承受不住地bearableadj.可忍受的；支持得住的bearv.忍受，承受；經(jīng)得起can'tbeartodosth.不能忍受做某事can'tbear(sb.)doingsth.不能忍受(某人)做某事?Hisstrangebehaviourisunbearable.他驚異的行為令人無法忍受。?Ifindhisrudemannerunbearable.我覺得他粗魯?shù)目捶钊藷o法忍受。[聯(lián)想拓展]un-(不)＋bear(容忍)＋-able(能……的)→unbearable難以忍受的[即學即練]單句語法填空①Iwouldratherlivewithoutthese________(bear)tensions.②Hecan'tbearpeople________(smoke)whileheiseating.完成句子③Totellyouthetruth,Ireally__________________________________(覺得……難以忍受)toworkwithsuchaterriblemanwhohasnosympathyatall.4.behaviourn．行為；舉止；看法(＝behavior)behavevi.表現(xiàn)vi.&vt.表現(xiàn)得體；有禮貌(教材P30)Withthesesevererestrictionstohercommunication,Helen'sbehaviourwasoftenunbearable.這些嚴峻的障礙限制了海倫的正常溝通，也讓她的行為經(jīng)常令人難以忍受。good/badbehaviour良好/惡劣行為socialbehaviour社會行為one'sbehaviourtowards...某人對待……的看法behaviourproblems行為問題changeone'sbehaviour變更某人的行為influenceone'sbehaviour影響某人的行為[歸納拓展]behavewell/badly行為規(guī)則/不好，行為檢點/不檢點；表現(xiàn)好/不好behavelikeahog舉止粗魯 behavebadlytowards/to對……不禮貌well-behaved表現(xiàn)好的 badly-behaved表現(xiàn)差的[即學即練]單句語法填空①Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineour________(behave)andcorrectbadhabits.②Multiplegenesbehaved________(different),relyingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.③IsawthatMrsFairfaxapprovedofmyhumorous________(behave),andIknewthatsherespectedmeforit.④Parentsshouldeducatetheirchildrentobehave________(good).5.tendencyn．傾向tendvi.往往會；趨于vi.&vt.照料(教材P30)Shewassometimestroublesome,stubbornandangry,andhadatendencytobreakthingswhennooneunderstoodher.海倫有時很煩人、很固執(zhí)，而且很易怒，假如沒有人能理解她的意思，她就會摔東西。tendv.傾向，趨于；照看，照料tendtodosth.往往會做某事，易于做某事tendto/towards有……的趨勢?I'mawarethatshehasatendencytotalktoomuchwhenshe'snervous.我意識到她一驚惶就會說許多話。?Itisrecognisedthatthereisatendencyforthisdiseasetoruninfamilies.人們相識到這種疾病有在家庭中流行的趨勢。?Whenapersonisawarethathewillbepunishedforhisdeed,hetendstolie.當一個人意識到他會因為他的行為而受到懲處時，他就傾向于說謊。?Hisviewstendto/towardstheextreme.他的觀點趨于偏激。[歸納拓展]haveatendencytodosth.傾向于做某事atendencyto/towards...……的傾向/趨勢tendtosb./sth.照看某人/某物to是介詞且可以省略displayartistictendencies顯示出對藝術的偏好[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Shehasastrongnaturaltendency________caution.②Nowadaysmanypeoplehaveatendency________(give)upsmokingduetoitsbadeffects.③Themanagertends________(promote)theemployeewhoisworkinghard.④He________________(往往會)benervouswhenspeakinginpublic.⑤Thedrugiseffectivebut____________________(可能會引起頭疼).6.recommendv．舉薦；建議recommendationn．提議；舉薦(教材P30)Helen'sparentsgotasuperbteacherrecommendedtothem,awomannamedAnneSullivan.海倫的父母經(jīng)人舉薦，聘請了一位名叫安妮·莎莉的優(yōu)秀老師。[句子分析]gotateacherrecommendedtothem是getsth.done(使某物被做)結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“獲得一位被舉薦給他們的老師”。后面awomannamedAnneSullivan是teacher的同位語，對teacher作進一步的說明。recommendbuyingthisdictionary建議買這本詞典recommendagooddentisttome給我舉薦一個好牙醫(yī)recommendhimforthejob/ashersecretary舉薦他做這項工作/做她的秘書[歸納拓展]recommenddoingsth.建議做某事recommendsb.todosth.建議某人做某事recommendsth.tosb.向某人舉薦(介紹)某事(物)recommendsb.for/as...舉薦某人做(某職位)/作為……recommend＋that-clause建議(從句謂語用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略)。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Theprofessorrecommendedme________(buy)somenewbooksonviolet.②Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyou________(find)yourwayinstyle.③Irecommendedagoodmovie________him.④Irecommendedher________thejobmeansthatIrecommendedher________hissecretary.⑤Ourteacherrecommended________thisbook.Itmeansthatherecommendedthatwe________thisbook(ready).7.relatevi.理解；相聯(lián)系；認同vt.&vi.(使)有聯(lián)系(教材P30)She'dhadeyesightproblemsearlyinlifeaswellsoshecouldrelatetoHelen'sdifficulties.她小時候視力也有障礙，所以能理解海倫所面臨的逆境。arelatedissue/question相關的議題/問題astress-relatedillness壓力導致的疾病(be)relatedto與……有關系(be)closely/stronglyrelatedto與……親密相關(be)directlyrelatedto與……有干脆關系berelatedtootherproducts與其他產(chǎn)品有關berelatedtotheothermembersofthisfamily與這個家庭的其他成員相關inrelationto關于……；與……相比relativelyspeaking相對來說?Ionlystayedwithhimoccasionally.Thereforeit'shardformetorelatetohisidea.我只是間或和他待在一起，因此很難理解他的想法。?Totellthetruth,allthesedon'trelatetosympathy.說實話，全部這一切與憐憫心無關。?Thereportseekstorelatetheincreaseinthenumberofanimalsinthisspeciestoourconservation.報告試圖把這個物種中動物數(shù)量的增加與我們的疼惜聯(lián)系起來。[聯(lián)想拓展]relateto...理解……；與……有關relate...to...使……和……有聯(lián)系berelatedto...與……有關,relatevi.理解；相聯(lián)系relatedadj.有聯(lián)系的relationn．聯(lián)系，關系；關聯(lián)relationshipn．關系；聯(lián)系；血緣關系relativeadj.相對的n.親戚relativelyadv.相當程度上；相對地relatedto和connectedwith常在句中作后置定語，相當于which/that引導的定語從句。[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Ilovetechnologyandtrytokeepupwithit,soIcanrelate________mystudents.②Thestudytriestorelatetheriseincrime________anincreaseinunemployment.③Ican'trelatehim________thefamousphilosopher.Helookssoordinary.④Thetopicyouchoosemust________(relate)toyourstudies.⑤Ourproductneedsanimagethatpeoplecan________________(理解).⑥The“newfourgreatinventions”________________(與……相關)China'shigh-techinnovation.8.excitementn．興奮，激烈excitevt.使興奮excitedadj.興奮的excitingadj.令人興奮的(教材P30)Shewroteaboutherexcitementlaterinherbook,TheStoryofMyLife：...后來在《我的人生故事》一書中，她描述了自己的興奮之情：……toone'sexcitement令某人興奮的是in/withexcitement興奮地asenseofexcitement興奮感befullof/filledwithexcitement滿懷激烈?Muchtohisexcitement,hegotpromotedshortlyafterheworkedinthiscompany.令他大為興奮的是，他在這家公司工作不久之后就升職了。?Thedogleaptandwaggeditstailinexcitement.狗興奮得搖著尾巴跳來跳去。?Thechildrenwerejumpingupanddownwithexcitement.孩子們興奮得跳上跳下。[聯(lián)想拓展]hideone'sexcitement掩飾某人的激烈betremblingwithexcitement激烈得直顫抖screamwithexcitement激烈得尖叫controlone'sexcitement限制某人的激烈[易混辨析]exciting與excitedexciting表性質(zhì)，常修飾物；excited表狀態(tài)，常修飾人以及人的聲音、表情等。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thenewscausedgreat________(excite)amongherfriends.②Nowonderthechildrenare________(excite)!Thisisthefirsttimethey'vebeenabroad.③Theendofthemoviewasmuchmore________(excite)thanI'dexpected.完成句子④He________________________(滿懷激烈)whenheheardthenewsthathissonwonthenationalscholarship.⑤____________________________(令他大為興奮的是),hisdreamofbecomingamusicianhascometrue.9.graspvt.理解，領悟抓?。痪o握(教材P31)NowthatHelengraspedthekeytolanguage,shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.由于海倫理解了語言的關鍵，她特別渴望學習更多語言，并且盡可能運用它。graspone'smeaning理解某人的意思graspachance/graspanopportunity抓住機會?Atthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceoftreatingpeoplesincerely.當時，我們沒有完全明白真誠待人的重要性。?Igraspedtheopportunitytohostthepartyanddidagoodjob.我抓住了舉辦聚會的機會，辦得很好。[常見搭配]graspsb.bythearm緊緊抓住某人的胳膊takeafirmgraspofsth.緊緊抓住某物insb.'sgrasp在某人理解實力之內(nèi)beyondsb.'sgrasp超出某人的理解實力[即學即練]寫出grasp在句中的含義①Kaygraspedhimbythewrist.________________②Theyfailedtograsptheimportanceofhiswords.________________完成句子③He____________________________(抓住機會)andsavedthenaughtyboyfromthecrisis.④He____________________________(抓住手)ofthemiddle-agedmanandshookitwarmly.10.enthusiasticadj.熱心的；熱忱的；熱衷的(教材P31)However,becauseHelenwassoenthusiasticaboutlearning,theresultswereamazing.然而，由于海倫對學習有極高的熱忱，學習成果令人驚異。enthusiasmn.熱忱，熱忱enthusiasticallyadv.熱忱地；熱心地?Heisveryenthusiasticaboutacademicresearch.他對學術探討很感愛好。?Shewaslessenthusiasticaboutbuyingalaptop.她對買筆記本電腦不太感愛好。[聯(lián)想拓展]beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.對(做)某事熱心/感愛好with(great)enthusiasm(特別)熱忱地fullofenthusiasm充溢熱忱withgreatinterest愛好盎然地[即學即練]單句語法填空①Theboywasnotenthusiastic________goingtotheboardingschoolanddidn'twanttopartwithhisoldfriends.②Thewholeplaygroundwasexcitedwiththeaudiencecheering________(enthusiastic)theathleteson.完成句子③Mynewclassmateissensitiveand___________________________________________(熱心幫助別人).11.expandvi.&vt.(使)擴大；增加(教材P31)AsHelen'sknowledgeandvocabularyexpanded,sheaskedmoreandmorequestions.隨著海倫學問和詞匯量的不斷擴大，她提出的問題也越來越多。expansionn.擴大；擴張；擴充；膨脹?Shehasexpandedhercareertothefieldofentertainment.她已經(jīng)把自己的事業(yè)擴展到消遣領域。?Themayorisdeterminedtoexpandthelocalairport.市長確定擴建當?shù)貦C場。?Thevillageexpandedintoatown.這個村莊發(fā)展成了一個城鎮(zhèn)。[聯(lián)想拓展]expandinto擴展成為……expand(...)into(把……)擴展/發(fā)展成……expandon/upon詳述；具體闡明anexpandingeconomy不斷發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟expandthebusiness擴展業(yè)務Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.金屬受熱會膨脹。[即學即練]單句語法填空①Astudent'svocabulary________(expand)throughreading.②Thecompanygotintotroublewhenittried________(expand)quickly.③Thelocalgovernmenthassetupanumberoftechnicalschoolstomeettheneedsoftherapidly________(expand)economy.完成句子④____________________________________________(為了增加學問),youhavetogetoutofyourcomfortzone.⑤Shementionedafewideas,butshedidn't____________________________________(進行具體說明)them.12.gentlyadv.和順地；和順地；平緩地gentleadj.和順的，和順的(教材P31)MissSullivanputherarmgentlyroundmeandwroteonmyhand...莎莉文老師和順地摟著我，在我的手上寫著……begentlewith對……和順aquietandgentleman一位溫文爾雅的男士agentlevoice/laugh/touch和順的聲音/笑聲/觸摸gentlenature/smile/music和順的性情/和順的微笑/松軟的音樂agentlebreeze和風alittlegentleexercise少量和順的運動?Gently,shetookholdofthedoorhandleandturnedit.她輕輕地握住門把手扭動了它。?Thepathrangentlydowntothesea.這條小路平緩地向大海延長。?Dianerepliedandwalkedintothegentlewaves.黛安回復完，就走進了輕輕波動的浪花里。[名師點津]gentle的副詞形式是去e加y，類似的形容詞還有possible,probable,simple等。即：gentle→gentlypossible→possiblyprobable→probablysimple→simplyvisible→visibly[即學即練]單句語法填空①Thewaves________(gentle)lapagainsttheshore.②She________(gentle)foldedthebabyinablanket.③Theprofessorpattedthetroublesomeboy________(gentle)andcomfortedhim.④Heis________(gentle)manIhaveeverencountered.⑤Heslowlysatnexttomeandtouchedmyface________(gentle),asamotherwouldstrokeababy.13.breakthroughn．突破；重大進展(教材P31)However,onedayasshewasworkingonasimpletask,shehadabreakthrough.然而有一天，在做一項簡潔的任務時，她取得了突破。make/achieveabreakthrough取得突破/重大進展?Herecamethenewsthatthescientistshadmadeamajorscientificbreakthrough.傳來了科學家們?nèi)〉弥卮罂茖W突破的消息。?Hemadeamajorbreakthroughinthetreatmentofcancer.他在癌癥治療方面取得了重大突破。[聯(lián)想拓展]v.＋adv.→n.(由動詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化而來的合成名詞)breakthrough突破→breakthroughn．突破；重大進展breakdown出故障→breakdownn．故障breakout爆發(fā)→outbreakn．爆發(fā)putout生產(chǎn)，輸出→outputn．產(chǎn)量，輸出comein進來→incomen．收入comeout出現(xiàn)，結(jié)果是→outcomen．結(jié)果，后果[即學即練]選詞填空(outbreak/breakthrough/breakdown)①ThecauseofAIDSismadeclear,whichwillhelptomakeagreat________inthetreatmentofthedeadlydisease.②Blamedforthe________oftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.③Wemustbereadytorespondquicklytocontainany________．完成句子④Theeducator________________________(取得了重大突破)invocabularyteaching.?其次版塊：重點短語1．holdup舉起；支持??；延遲，阻礙(教材P30)Runningdownstairstomymother,Iheldupmyhandandmadethelettersfor‘doll’．我跑下樓去見我母親，舉起手來，也給她拼法字母組成‘doll’。holdtheline別掛斷，等會兒keepholdof...抓住……不放getaholdofsth.限制……getholdofsb.找某人，聯(lián)系某人?Theroofwasheldupbywood.房頂用木頭支撐著。?Sorry,I'mlate.Igotheldupinatrafficjam.愧疚我遲到了。我被交通堵塞耽擱了。?Sheheldupunderenormouspressure.他在重壓之下照舊保持良好的狀態(tài)。?Hetriedtokeepaholdofhisemotions.他盡量限制住自己的心情。[歸納拓展]holdup舉起，抬起；支撐，支持；耽擱，耽擱；保持良好、強壯holdon等一下；別掛電話；堅持；抓住holdback阻擋；遲疑；抑制；隱瞞,holddown使保持低水平；壓制；限制holdoff推遲；延遲；克服holdontosth.保留某物；抓住某物holdout伸出；堅持holdover擱置；推遲holdto